准噶尔南缘山前二维多波勘探近地表影响因素分析
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摘要
准噶尔盆地近地表对地震资料有显著的影响。在南缘四棵树凹陷高泉背斜部署的一条三分量采集的二维测线的对比中发现,转换横波剖面相比纵波剖面在测线的东段信噪比和能量明显降低。为了进一步分析验证近地表对多波多分量资料的影响,以实际的近地表模型和井资料建立正演模型,按照实际的观测系统进行了单炮的正演,通过对剖面和单炮的分析结合近地表结构调查,发现在东段由于奎屯河的冲刷沉积,低降速带厚度明显加厚,西域砾岩发育,这是造成多波资料能量、信噪比降低的主要因素,而且转换横波相比纵波更易受近地表吸收衰减的影响。
In Junggar basin,near surface structure is an obvious factor influencing seismic data.2D 3C seismic line data were collected recently at Gaoquan anticline of the mountain front area.Nevertheless,S/N of PS-wave section was obviously lower than P-wave section at the east end of 2D line.To verify and analyze near surface structure's influence on multi-wave 3C seismic data,the authors built forward model by using its near surface structure and well-logging data so as to get modeling shots with real acquisition geometry.By analysis of modeling results and near surface structure investigation,it is found that the thickness of low velocity layer increases and Xiyu conglomerates are developed at the east end of 2D line because of Kuitun River's sedimentation,which is the main reason of energy and S/N reduction of multi-wave seismic data.It is also proved that PS wave is more easily influenced by near surface structure's attenuation than P wave.
In Junggar basin,near surface structure is an obvious factor influencing seismic data.2D 3C seismic line data were collected recently at Gaoquan anticline of the mountain front area.Nevertheless,S/N of PS-wave section was obviously lower than P-wave section at the east end of 2D line.To verify and analyze near surface structure's influence on multi-wave 3C seismic data,the authors built forward model by using its near surface structure and well-logging data so as to get modeling shots with real acquisition geometry.By analysis of modeling results and near surface structure investigation,it is found that the thickness of low velocity layer increases and Xiyu conglomerates are developed at the east end of 2D line because of Kuitun River's sedimentation,which is the main reason of energy and S/N reduction of multi-wave seismic data.It is also proved that PS wave is more easily influenced by near surface structure's attenuation than P wave.
引文
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[3]James G,Nick M.Multi-component technology:the players,problems,applications,and trends[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):971-977.
[4]张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155.Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.Some key problems in the multicomponent seismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):151-155.
[5]孙丽霞,张智,钱忠平,等.第85届SEG年会多分量地震亮点评述[J].物探与化探,2018,42(1):75-86.Sun L X,Zhang Z,Qian Z P,et al.A commentary on multi-component seismic technology in the 85thSEG annual meeting[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2018,42(1):75-86.
[6]杨维,王小卫,冯会元,等.转换波处理关键技术应用及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):7-13.Yang W,Wang X W,Feng H Y,et al.Key techniques for converted wave processing[J].OGP,2017,52(s2):7-13.
[7]Hanson R,Mac Leod M,Bell C,et al.4-C Seismic data and reservoir modeling at Alba Field,North Sea[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 70thAnnual SEG Meeting,2000,19:1453-1455.
[8]Cafarelli B,Madtson E,Krail P.3-D gas cloud imaging of the Donald Field with converted waves[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the70thAnnual SEG Meeting,2000,19:1162-1165.
[9]Li X Y,Yuan J X.Converted-wave moveout and parameter estimation for transverse isotropy[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 61st EAGE Conference and Exhibition,1999:7-11.
[10]Cary P W,Eaton D W S.A simple method for resolving large converted-wave(P-SV)static[J].Geophysics,1993,58(3):429-433.
[11]Jerry Y,Li X Y.Converted-wave moveout analysis in layered anisotropic media:A case study[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 63rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition,2001:11-15.
[12]徐仲达,孙波,唐宗璜.P-SV转换波反射系数与野外采集观测系统设计[J].石油物探,1996,35(1):l-12.Xu Z D,Sun B,Tang Z H.P-SV converted wave reflection coefficient and field acquisition geometry design[J].GPP,1996,35(1):l-12.
[13]Yuan C F,Peng S P,Li C M.An exact solution of the conversion point for the converted waves from a dipping reflector with homogeneous isotropic overburden[J].Geophysics,2006,71(1):7-11.
[14]邵雨,李学义,杨迪生,等.准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造特征及演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Shao Y,Li X Y,Yang D S,et al.Cenozoic structural characteristics and evolution of the southern Junggar Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[15]Garotta R,Granger P Y.Some requirements for PS-mode acquisition[J].The Leading Edge,2012,22(2):106-112.
[16]符志国,李忠,赵尧,等.薄砂岩储层多波叠后地震反射特征分析及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1016-1024.Fu Z G,Li Z,Zhao Y,et al.Post-stack multi-wave reflection characteristics of thin sand reservoirs[J].OGP,2017,52(5):1016-1024.