神东矿区超大工作面开采沉陷参数取值研究
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摘要
神东矿区超大工作面开采对环境影响剧烈。针对超大工作面开采地表沉陷参数精确取值的问题,根据研究区地质采矿条件设计了4个因素、5个水平正交数值模拟试验方法,研究工作面参数对沉陷参数的影响规律,并给出适合现场条件的概率积分法预测参数。采用有限差分数值模型并结合由正交设计得到的25个模拟试验方案,计算模型地表的移动变形数据和沉陷参数,包括下沉系数、水平移动系数和走向边界角。用方差分析法提取对沉陷参数影响显著的工作面参数,发现下沉系数受工作面倾向长度影响显著,水平移动系数受采厚和工作面推进距离影响显著,边界角受采厚影响显著。对正交试验结果进行最小二乘拟合,得到了由工作面参数计算下沉系数、水平移动系数的公式。在研究区地质采矿条件下,这两个系数应分别取0.532、0.266,输入沉陷预测软件计算的结果与实测数据吻合良好。研究可为类似条件下矿区超大工作面地表沉陷预计参数精确取值提供参考。
Exploitation of super-large working faces strongly influences the ground environment in Shendong Coalfield.In order to obtain the accurate subsidence parameters induced by the excavation of super-large working face,according to the geological and mining conditions of the study area,the orthogonal numerical simulation tests based on four factors and five levels are designed,so as to study the influence regularity of working face parameters on the subsidence parameters,and provide the prediction parameters of probability integral method that is suitable for the field conditions.Based on finite difference numerical model and the 25 simulation test schemes obtained by orthogonal design,the surface deformation data and subsidence parameters(including vertical subsidence coefficient,horizontal displacement coefficient and border angle in strike direction)of the model are calculated.The working face parameters which have significance influence on subsidence parameters are extracted by using variance analysis method.It is indicated that the vertical subsidence coefficient is significantly affected by working face dip length,horizontal displacement coefficient is significantly affected by mining thickness and working face advance distance and the border angle in strike direction is influence significantly by mining thickness.The least square method is used to fit the orthogonal test results,the computational formulas of subsidence coefficient and horizontal displacement coefficient based on working parameters are obtained.Under the geological and mining conditions of the study area,the optimal values of vertical and horizontal subsidence coefficients are 0.532 and 0.266.The mining subsidence computation results of the mining prediction software based on the above coefficients is basically consistent to the actual measured data.The above study ideas can provide some reliable reference for determining the optimal mining subsidence parameters of the super-large working face in Shendong Coalfield.
Exploitation of super-large working faces strongly influences the ground environment in Shendong Coalfield.In order to obtain the accurate subsidence parameters induced by the excavation of super-large working face,according to the geological and mining conditions of the study area,the orthogonal numerical simulation tests based on four factors and five levels are designed,so as to study the influence regularity of working face parameters on the subsidence parameters,and provide the prediction parameters of probability integral method that is suitable for the field conditions.Based on finite difference numerical model and the 25 simulation test schemes obtained by orthogonal design,the surface deformation data and subsidence parameters(including vertical subsidence coefficient,horizontal displacement coefficient and border angle in strike direction)of the model are calculated.The working face parameters which have significance influence on subsidence parameters are extracted by using variance analysis method.It is indicated that the vertical subsidence coefficient is significantly affected by working face dip length,horizontal displacement coefficient is significantly affected by mining thickness and working face advance distance and the border angle in strike direction is influence significantly by mining thickness.The least square method is used to fit the orthogonal test results,the computational formulas of subsidence coefficient and horizontal displacement coefficient based on working parameters are obtained.Under the geological and mining conditions of the study area,the optimal values of vertical and horizontal subsidence coefficients are 0.532 and 0.266.The mining subsidence computation results of the mining prediction software based on the above coefficients is basically consistent to the actual measured data.The above study ideas can provide some reliable reference for determining the optimal mining subsidence parameters of the super-large working face in Shendong Coalfield.
引文
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[17]王猛,霍昱名,孙尚旭,等.似膏体充填开采沉陷的FLAC3D数值模拟[J].金属矿山,2016(5):163-167.Wang Men,Huo Yumin,Sun Shangxu,et al.Numerical simulation on the subsidence of the paste-like filling mining based on FLAC3D[J].Metal Mine,2016(5):163-167.
[18]胡炳南,袁亮.条带开采沉陷主控因素分析及设计对策[J].煤矿开采,2000(4):24-27.Hu Bingnan,Yuan Liang.Analysis of main control factors and design method of strip pillar mining[J].Coal Mining Technology,2000(4):24-27.
[19]李强.基于正交试验的地表沉陷主控因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(5):58-60.Li Qiang.Sensitivity analysis of main control factors of surface subsidence based on orthogonal experiment[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(5):58-60.
[20]Peng S S,李化敏,周英,等.神东和准格尔矿区岩层控制研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Peng S S,Li Huamin,Zhou Ying,et al.Study on Rock Strata Control in Shendong and the Zungars Coalfields[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[2]郭文兵,白二虎,杨达明.煤矿厚煤层高强度开采技术特征及指标研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(8):2117-2125.Guo Wenbing,Bai Erhu,Yang Daming.Study on the technical characteristics and index of thick coal seam high-intensity mining in Coalmine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(8):2117-2125.
[3]Xiao W,Hu Z,Chugh Y P,et al.Dynamic subsidence simulation and topsoil removal strategy in high groundwater table and underground coal mining area:acase study in Shandong Province[J].International Journal of Surface Mining Reclamation&Environment,2014,28(4):250-263.
[4]胡振琪,王新静,贺安民.风积沙区采煤沉陷地裂缝分布特征与发生发育规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):11-18.Hu Zhenqi,Wang Xinjing,He Anming.Distribution characteristic and development rules of ground fissures due to coal mining in windy and sandy region[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):11-18.
[5]Li L,Wu K,Hu Z,et al.Analysis of developmental features and causes of the ground cracks induced by oversized working face mining in an aeolian sand area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(3):135.
[6]Yan W,Dai H,Chen J.Surface crack and sand inrush disaster induced by high-strength mining:example from the Shendong Coal Field,China[J].Geosciences Journal,2018,22(2):347-357.
[7]Zhang D,Fan G,Ma L,et al.Aquifer protection during longwall mining of shallow coal seams:acase study in the Shendong Coalfield of China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,86(2-3):190-196.
[8]杨治林.煤层地下开采地表沉陷预测的边值方法[J].岩土力学,2010(S1):232-236.Yang Zhilin.Prediction of surface subsidence in underground mining seam based on the boundary value method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010(S1):232-236.
[9]陈涛,郭广礼,朱晓峻,等.利用果蝇算法反演概率积分法开采沉陷预计参数[J].金属矿山,2016(6):185-188.Chen Tao,Guo Guangli,Zhu Xiaojun,et al.Mining subsidence prediction parameters inversion of the probability integral method based on fruit flies algorithm[J].Metal Mine,2016(6):185-188.
[10]朱怀志,徐明伟,晏鹏程,等.基于正交实验法的地表下沉系数主因素分析[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(10):31-32.Zhu Huaizhi,Xu Mingwei,Yan Pengcheng,et al.Main factor analysis of surface subsidence coefficient based on orthogonal experiment method[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(10):31-32.
[11]李云鹏,卞正富,雷少刚,等.西部风积沙区超大工作面开采土地损伤评价[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(4):188-194.Li Yunpeng,Bian Zhengfu,Lei Shaogang,et al.Land damage evaluation in coal mining area with super-size mining face at western aeolian sandy area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(4):188-194.
[12]李少朋,毕银丽,陈昢圳,等.外源钙与丛枝菌根真菌协同对玉米生长的影响与土壤改良效应[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):109-116.Li Shaopeng,Bi Yinli,Chen Pozhen,et al.Effects of AMF cooperating with exogenous calcium on maize growth and soil improvement[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(1):109-116.
[13]王新静,胡振琪,胡青峰,等.风沙区超大工作面开采土地损伤的演变与自修复特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2166-2172.Wang Xinjing,Hu Zhenqi,Hu Qingfeng,et al.Evolution and self-healing characteristic of land ecological environment due to superlarge coalface mining in windy and sandy region[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2166-2172.
[14]伊茂森.神东矿区浅埋煤层大采高综采工作面长度的选择[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1253-1257.Yi Maosen.Selection of mechanized working face length by great height mining under shallow coal-seam in Shendong coal district[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(12):1253-1257.
[15]卞正富,雷少刚,刘辉,等.风积沙区超大工作面开采生态环境破坏过程与恢复对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):305-310.Bian Zhengfu,Lei Shaogang,Liu Hui,et al.The process and countermeasures for ecological damage and restoration in coal mining area with super-size mining face at aeolian sandy site[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):305-310.
[16]蔡音飞,Verdel T,Olivier D,等.地形影响下的开采沉陷影响函数法优化[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):271-276.Cai Yinfei,Verdel T,Olivier D,et al.Improving the influence function method to take topography into the calculation of mining subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):271-276.
[17]王猛,霍昱名,孙尚旭,等.似膏体充填开采沉陷的FLAC3D数值模拟[J].金属矿山,2016(5):163-167.Wang Men,Huo Yumin,Sun Shangxu,et al.Numerical simulation on the subsidence of the paste-like filling mining based on FLAC3D[J].Metal Mine,2016(5):163-167.
[18]胡炳南,袁亮.条带开采沉陷主控因素分析及设计对策[J].煤矿开采,2000(4):24-27.Hu Bingnan,Yuan Liang.Analysis of main control factors and design method of strip pillar mining[J].Coal Mining Technology,2000(4):24-27.
[19]李强.基于正交试验的地表沉陷主控因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(5):58-60.Li Qiang.Sensitivity analysis of main control factors of surface subsidence based on orthogonal experiment[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(5):58-60.
[20]Peng S S,李化敏,周英,等.神东和准格尔矿区岩层控制研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Peng S S,Li Huamin,Zhou Ying,et al.Study on Rock Strata Control in Shendong and the Zungars Coalfields[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.