漫湾水库运行下库内洲滩潜流带夏季热传输特征
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摘要
本文以澜沧江漫湾水库库内洲滩潜流带为研究对象,利用原位自动监测传感器连续49天监测了潜流带夏季水位及水温变化过程,分析潜流带与水库之间潜流交换与洲滩内部温度时空特征,核算潜流带热传输量,以助于揭示漫湾水库运行下库内洲滩潜流带夏季热传输特征与驱动机制。结果表明:水库运行下,水位频繁波动促进了水库与洲滩的潜流交换,单位宽度上潜流交换量为-0.12～0.06 m~2/d;在太阳辐射下,因洲滩沉积物比热容低于水体,其升温速度较快,与水库形成了0.26～4.80℃的温度差;在潜流交换驱动下,热量由洲滩向水库传输。洲滩表层热传输量最高,中层次之,底层最小,单位面积上分别为1635.21、730.68和104.49 MJ;敏感性分析表明,热传输受水位波动振幅影响最大,温差次之,周期影响最小。研究结果对于探究建库河流岸边潜流带水热交换过程具有借鉴意义。
In this study,water level and temperature in the riparian zone were in-situ monitored for 49 days in summer using automatic sensors on an island of Manwan reservoir in the Langcang River. Through the analysis of the lateral hyporheic exchanges and temperature spatial-temporal patterns in the riparian zone,the heat transfer quantities across the riparian zone were calculated,which is helpful to reveal the riparian heat transfer in summer under Manwan reservoir operations and the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrate that due to the reservoir operation the frequent fluctuation of water level promotes the hyporheic exchanges between the island and reservoir with exchange volume per unit length across the island up to-0.12 ～ 0.06 m2/d. Under the solar radiation,the island sediments is heating up faster because of its specific heat lower than water,that forms the difference in temperature of 0.26 ℃ ～ 4.80 ℃ higher than the water in reservoir. Driven by the hyporheic flow,heat is transferred from the island to the reservoir.The heat transfer quantity is following the order of upper layer > middle layer > bottom layer, with1635.21 MJ,730.68 MJ and 104.49 MJ per unit area,respectively. Sensitivity analyses show that the heat transfer is most affected by amplitude of water fluctuation,followed by the temperature difference and least affected by the fluctuation period. This study is beneficial to the studies of heat and water exchanges in riparian zones in dammed rivers.
In this study,water level and temperature in the riparian zone were in-situ monitored for 49 days in summer using automatic sensors on an island of Manwan reservoir in the Langcang River. Through the analysis of the lateral hyporheic exchanges and temperature spatial-temporal patterns in the riparian zone,the heat transfer quantities across the riparian zone were calculated,which is helpful to reveal the riparian heat transfer in summer under Manwan reservoir operations and the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrate that due to the reservoir operation the frequent fluctuation of water level promotes the hyporheic exchanges between the island and reservoir with exchange volume per unit length across the island up to-0.12 ～ 0.06 m2/d. Under the solar radiation,the island sediments is heating up faster because of its specific heat lower than water,that forms the difference in temperature of 0.26 ℃ ～ 4.80 ℃ higher than the water in reservoir. Driven by the hyporheic flow,heat is transferred from the island to the reservoir.The heat transfer quantity is following the order of upper layer > middle layer > bottom layer, with1635.21 MJ,730.68 MJ and 104.49 MJ per unit area,respectively. Sensitivity analyses show that the heat transfer is most affected by amplitude of water fluctuation,followed by the temperature difference and least affected by the fluctuation period. This study is beneficial to the studies of heat and water exchanges in riparian zones in dammed rivers.
引文
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[23]CHEN X,CHEN X H.Stream water infiltration,bank storage,and storage zone changes due to stream-stage fluctuations[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,280(1/4):246-264.
[24]SáNCHEZ-CANALES M,LóPEZ BENITO A,PASSUELLO A,et al.Sensitivity analysis of ecosystem service valuation in a Mediterranean watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012(440):140-153.
[25]STEEL E A,LANGE I A.Using wavelet analysis to detect changes in water temperature regimes at multiple scales:effects of multi-purpose dams in the Willamette River Basin[J].River Research and Applications,2007,23(4):351-359.
[26]CASADO A,HANNAH D M,PEIRY J L,et al.Influence of dam-induced hydrological regulation on summer water temperature:Sauce Grande River,Argentina[J].Ecohydrology,2013,64(4):523-535.
[27]刘兰芬,张士杰,刘畅,等.漫湾水电站水库水温分布观测与数学模型计算研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):87-94.
[2]TONINA D,BUFFINGTON J M.Hyporheic exchange in gravel bed rivers with pool-riffle morphology:Laboratory experiments and three-dimensional modeling[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(1):208-214.
[3]袁兴中,罗固源.溪流生态系统潜流带生态学研究概述[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):120-128.
[4]姚维科,崔保山,董世魁,等.水电工程干扰下澜沧江典型段的水温时空特征[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(6):1031-1037.
[5]THAXTON C S,ANDERSON W P,GU C,et al.Detrended fluctuation analysis and entropy-complexity causality analysis of temperatures in an urbanized mountain stream[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2017(3):1-16.
[6]CAISSIE D.The thermal regime of rivers:a review[J].Freshwater Biology,2006,51(8):1389-1406.
[7]林俊强,严忠民,夏继红.弯曲河岸侧向潜流交换试验[J].水科学进展,2013,24(1):118-124.
[8]SCHMIDT C,BAYER-RAICH M,SCHIRMER M.Characterization of spatial heterogeneity of groundwaterstream water interactions using multiple depth streambed temperature measurements at the reach scale[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2006(10):849-859.
[9]朱静思,束龙仓,鲁程鹏.基于热追踪方法的河道垂向潜流通量的非均质性研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):818-825.
[10]朱蓓,赵坚,陈孝兵,等.水库运行对下游河岸潜流带水位温度影响研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(11):1337-1343.
[11]刘东升,赵坚,吕辉.大坝下游河岸带冬夏季水热交换特征对比[J].水科学进展,2017,28(1):127-135.
[12]LIU D,ZHAO J,CHEN X,et al.Dynamic processes of hyporheic exchange and temperature distribution in the riparian zone in response to dam-induced water fluctuations[J].Geosciences Journal,2018,22(3):1-11.
[13]尹晔.山区河流水库下游河道冲淤演变研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2017.
[14]王平,王金亮.云南澜沧江漫湾水电站库区河谷气候基本特征[J].云南师范大学学报,2002,22(6):57-61.
[15]程勤波,陈喜,凌敏华,等.变水头入渗试验推求垂下渗透系数的计算[J].水科学进展,2010,21(1):51-55.
[16]GERECHT K E,CARDENAS M B.Dynamics of hyporheic flow and heat trasport across a bed-to-bank continuum in a lage regulated river[J].Water Resources Research,2011(47):W03524.
[17]罗红霞,邵景安,邹扬庆,等.三峡库区典型样带潜热通量遥感反演与验证[J].地球信息科学,2014,16(4):639-644.
[18]KIM T W,CHO Y K.Calculation of heat flux in a macrotidal flat using FVCOM[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,2011(116):C03010.doi:10.1029/2010JC006568.
[19]孙菽芬,颜金凤,夏南,等.陆面水体与大气之间的热传输研究[J].中国科学(物理学·力学·天文学),2008,38(6):704-713.
[20]ZHANG M,WEN Z,XUE K,et al.A coupled model for liquid water,water vapor and heat transport of saturated-unsaturated soil in cold regions:model formulation and verification[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):1-19.
[21]ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S,RAES D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirement[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998.
[22]SIERGIEIEV D,EHLERT L,REIMANN T,et al.Modelling hyporheic processes for regulated rivers under transient hydrological and hydrogeological conditions[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2015,19(1):329-340.
[23]CHEN X,CHEN X H.Stream water infiltration,bank storage,and storage zone changes due to stream-stage fluctuations[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,280(1/4):246-264.
[24]SáNCHEZ-CANALES M,LóPEZ BENITO A,PASSUELLO A,et al.Sensitivity analysis of ecosystem service valuation in a Mediterranean watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012(440):140-153.
[25]STEEL E A,LANGE I A.Using wavelet analysis to detect changes in water temperature regimes at multiple scales:effects of multi-purpose dams in the Willamette River Basin[J].River Research and Applications,2007,23(4):351-359.
[26]CASADO A,HANNAH D M,PEIRY J L,et al.Influence of dam-induced hydrological regulation on summer water temperature:Sauce Grande River,Argentina[J].Ecohydrology,2013,64(4):523-535.
[27]刘兰芬,张士杰,刘畅,等.漫湾水电站水库水温分布观测与数学模型计算研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):87-94.