中国现行海底地理实体通名术语存在问题辨析
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摘要
由于我国海底地理实体命名工作起步晚,实践基础薄弱,翻译和编写的海底命名规范中的有个别通名术语定义存在争议,本文结合国内权威地质辞典和相关标准进行探讨,得出以下结论:1 Shoal是顶部覆盖松散沉积物的暗礁,会对船只航行构成威胁,建议翻译为"暗沙"。Bank是表面相对平坦的海底高地,不对船只航行构成威胁,建议翻译为"滩"或"浅滩"。2建议参考国际海底命名委员会(SCUFN)颁布的《海底地名标准化》(Standardization of undersea feature names,又称B6文件)(IHO and IOC,2008.),以1000m高差作为海山和海丘的分界,并且不对Hill(Abyssal hill)和Knoll作进一步区分,均称为海丘。3现有辞典对Canyon和Sea valley(Submarine valley)的翻译和定义可以沿用:Canyon译为海底峡谷,Sea valley(Submarine valley)译为海(底)谷,两者主要的区别在于横切面形态,而与规模无关。建议将Sea channel(Submarine channel)译为"海底水道",不仅与当前学术界的主流译法一致,而且易于与海底峡谷和海底谷区分。4 Plateau译为海底高原和海台均可,且两者并没有地貌等级差别,建议《海底地名命名》作相应修正。
There are some controversy about some undersea feature terms in China for our government take park in naming undersea feature late and lack of practical experience. We discuss about these terms by comparing some authoritative geological dictionaries and standards from both home and abroad,finally we get the following conclusions: 1 Shoal("An sha") is an isolated( or group of) offshore hazard( s) to surface navigation with substantially less clearance than the surrounding area and composed of unconsolidated material. Bank("Tan"or"Qiantan") is an isolated(or group of) elevation(s) of the sea floor,over which the depth of water is relatively shallow,but sufficient for safe surface navigation. 2 Most of the authoritative geology dictionary and standards definite relief of "Seamount"must be greater than 1000 m,but there are still a lot of controversy about definition of"Hill"and "Knoll",SCUFN making no distinctions of each other. 3 The main differences of "Canyon"(Haidixiagu) and"Valley"(Haidigu) is the shape of cross-sections,not magnitude. Different geology dictionary has different translation for the term of "Seachannel". Recent years,most of the academic papers translates it to"Haidishuidao". It is more easy to separete it from "Haidixiagu" and "Haidigu". 4 "Haitai" and"Haidigaoyuan"are often used as the translation for"Plateau",and there is no any difference between them.
There are some controversy about some undersea feature terms in China for our government take park in naming undersea feature late and lack of practical experience. We discuss about these terms by comparing some authoritative geological dictionaries and standards from both home and abroad,finally we get the following conclusions: 1 Shoal("An sha") is an isolated( or group of) offshore hazard( s) to surface navigation with substantially less clearance than the surrounding area and composed of unconsolidated material. Bank("Tan"or"Qiantan") is an isolated(or group of) elevation(s) of the sea floor,over which the depth of water is relatively shallow,but sufficient for safe surface navigation. 2 Most of the authoritative geology dictionary and standards definite relief of "Seamount"must be greater than 1000 m,but there are still a lot of controversy about definition of"Hill"and "Knoll",SCUFN making no distinctions of each other. 3 The main differences of "Canyon"(Haidixiagu) and"Valley"(Haidigu) is the shape of cross-sections,not magnitude. Different geology dictionary has different translation for the term of "Seachannel". Recent years,most of the academic papers translates it to"Haidishuidao". It is more easy to separete it from "Haidixiagu" and "Haidigu". 4 "Haitai" and"Haidigaoyuan"are often used as the translation for"Plateau",and there is no any difference between them.
引文
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陈泓君,朱本铎,崔兆国,罗伟东.2012.东太平洋中国多金属结核开辟区东区构造地貌特征.热带海洋学报,31(5):12~17.
程岳宏,于兴河,刘玉梅,赵厚祥,李胜利,谭程鹏,,戴明建,李攀.2012.正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道的特征及异同点.地质科技情报,31(1):72~81.
杜晓琴,李炎,高抒.2008.台湾浅滩大型沙波、潮流结构和推移质输运特征.海洋学报,30(5):124~136.
范开国,黄韦艮,傅斌,于兴修,顾颜镇.2012.台湾浅滩浅海水深SAR遥感探测实例研究.地球物理学报,55(1):310~316.
方建勇,陈坚,胡毅,廖连招.2010.台湾浅滩及其邻近海域沉降颗粒物及絮凝体类型研究.热带海洋学报,29(4):48~55.
冯文科,鲍才旺.1982.南海地形地貌特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2(4):80~93.
韩范畴,阮文斌,贾建军,刘秋生.2011.海底地名研究进展.海洋测绘,31(3):73~76.
胡毅,陈坚.2007.夏季台湾浅滩周边水域悬浮物质浊度和叶绿素a荧光分布特征.台湾海峡,26(3):335~341.
黄宗理,张良弼.2006.地球科学大辞典.北京:地质出版社,1~1173.
金庆焕.1989.南海地质与油气资源.北京:地质出版社,84~111.
李粹中.1993.南海海盆北部平原受台湾西南陆坡浊流影响的证据.海洋通报,12(1):103~105.
李华,何幼斌,王振奇.2011.深水高弯度水道—堤岸沉积体系形态及特征.古地理学报,13(2):139~149.
李汝雯.2001.美国《海底地名》的“术语与定义”.中国地名,(2):15~16.
廉耀康,李炎.2011.台湾浅滩沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势.台湾海峡,30(1):122~127.
林培根,陈照章,胡建宇,朱佳,孙振宇.2012.2011年夏季台湾海峡上升流的变化特征及其与风场的关系.台湾海峡,31(3):307~316.
刘军,庞雄,颜承志,柳保军,李元平,胡琏,郑金云.2011.南海北部陆坡白云深水区浅层深水水道沉积.石油实验地质,33(3):255~259.
刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,张卫红,吴永亭,郭发滨.2003.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究.海洋科学进展,21(2):160~173.
刘昭蜀,范时清,赵焕庭.2002.南海地质.北京:科学出版社,1~502.
彭阜南.2001.海洋地质学辞典.台北:地球科学文教基金会,1~436.
石谦,张君元,蔡爱智.台湾浅滩———巨大的砂资源库.自然资源学报,24(3):507~513.
吴明清.我国台湾浅滩海底沉积物稀土元素地球化学.1983.地球化学,(3):303~313.
武汉地质学院外语教研室.1980.英汉常用地质学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~340.
《英汉地质辞典》编辑组.1983.英汉地质辞典.北京:地质出版社,1~1124.
《英汉海洋学词汇》编订小组.1985.英汉海洋学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~780.
《英汉综合地质学词汇》编写组.1975.英汉综合地质学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~608.
袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,姚根顺,王海荣,李丽.2010.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因.沉积学报,28(1):68~75.
曾成开,王小波.1987.南海海盆中的海山海丘及其成因.东海海洋,5(1~2):1~9.
张光学,祝有海,梁金强,吴时国,杨木壮,沙志彬.2006.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征.现代地质,20(4):605~612.
张汉泉,吴庐山.2005.南海南部海域构造地貌.海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(1):63~70.
周成虎.2006.地貌学辞典.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1~303.
IHO,IOC.2008.Standardization of Undersea Feature.Monaco:International Hydrographic Bureau.
IHO,IOC.2011.海底地形命名标准(英/中版).Monaco:International Hydrographic Bureau.United States Board onGeographic Names.1994.Policies and Guidelines for theStandardization of Undersea Feature Names.
Hu Yi,Chen Jian,Xu Jiang,Wang Liming,Li Haidong,Liu Huaishan.2013.Sand wave deposition in the Taiwan Shoal of China.ActaOenological Sinica,32(8):36~34.
陈泓君,朱本铎,崔兆国,罗伟东.2012.东太平洋中国多金属结核开辟区东区构造地貌特征.热带海洋学报,31(5):12~17.
程岳宏,于兴河,刘玉梅,赵厚祥,李胜利,谭程鹏,,戴明建,李攀.2012.正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道的特征及异同点.地质科技情报,31(1):72~81.
杜晓琴,李炎,高抒.2008.台湾浅滩大型沙波、潮流结构和推移质输运特征.海洋学报,30(5):124~136.
范开国,黄韦艮,傅斌,于兴修,顾颜镇.2012.台湾浅滩浅海水深SAR遥感探测实例研究.地球物理学报,55(1):310~316.
方建勇,陈坚,胡毅,廖连招.2010.台湾浅滩及其邻近海域沉降颗粒物及絮凝体类型研究.热带海洋学报,29(4):48~55.
冯文科,鲍才旺.1982.南海地形地貌特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2(4):80~93.
韩范畴,阮文斌,贾建军,刘秋生.2011.海底地名研究进展.海洋测绘,31(3):73~76.
胡毅,陈坚.2007.夏季台湾浅滩周边水域悬浮物质浊度和叶绿素a荧光分布特征.台湾海峡,26(3):335~341.
黄宗理,张良弼.2006.地球科学大辞典.北京:地质出版社,1~1173.
金庆焕.1989.南海地质与油气资源.北京:地质出版社,84~111.
李粹中.1993.南海海盆北部平原受台湾西南陆坡浊流影响的证据.海洋通报,12(1):103~105.
李华,何幼斌,王振奇.2011.深水高弯度水道—堤岸沉积体系形态及特征.古地理学报,13(2):139~149.
李汝雯.2001.美国《海底地名》的“术语与定义”.中国地名,(2):15~16.
廉耀康,李炎.2011.台湾浅滩沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势.台湾海峡,30(1):122~127.
林培根,陈照章,胡建宇,朱佳,孙振宇.2012.2011年夏季台湾海峡上升流的变化特征及其与风场的关系.台湾海峡,31(3):307~316.
刘军,庞雄,颜承志,柳保军,李元平,胡琏,郑金云.2011.南海北部陆坡白云深水区浅层深水水道沉积.石油实验地质,33(3):255~259.
刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,张卫红,吴永亭,郭发滨.2003.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究.海洋科学进展,21(2):160~173.
刘昭蜀,范时清,赵焕庭.2002.南海地质.北京:科学出版社,1~502.
彭阜南.2001.海洋地质学辞典.台北:地球科学文教基金会,1~436.
石谦,张君元,蔡爱智.台湾浅滩———巨大的砂资源库.自然资源学报,24(3):507~513.
吴明清.我国台湾浅滩海底沉积物稀土元素地球化学.1983.地球化学,(3):303~313.
武汉地质学院外语教研室.1980.英汉常用地质学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~340.
《英汉地质辞典》编辑组.1983.英汉地质辞典.北京:地质出版社,1~1124.
《英汉海洋学词汇》编订小组.1985.英汉海洋学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~780.
《英汉综合地质学词汇》编写组.1975.英汉综合地质学词汇.北京:科学出版社,1~608.
袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,姚根顺,王海荣,李丽.2010.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因.沉积学报,28(1):68~75.
曾成开,王小波.1987.南海海盆中的海山海丘及其成因.东海海洋,5(1~2):1~9.
张光学,祝有海,梁金强,吴时国,杨木壮,沙志彬.2006.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征.现代地质,20(4):605~612.
张汉泉,吴庐山.2005.南海南部海域构造地貌.海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(1):63~70.
周成虎.2006.地貌学辞典.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1~303.
IHO,IOC.2008.Standardization of Undersea Feature.Monaco:International Hydrographic Bureau.
IHO,IOC.2011.海底地形命名标准(英/中版).Monaco:International Hydrographic Bureau.United States Board onGeographic Names.1994.Policies and Guidelines for theStandardization of Undersea Feature Names.
Hu Yi,Chen Jian,Xu Jiang,Wang Liming,Li Haidong,Liu Huaishan.2013.Sand wave deposition in the Taiwan Shoal of China.ActaOenological Sinica,32(8):36~34.