考虑轮胎侧偏刚度的汽车转向理想线研究
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摘要
建立了前、后驱汽车低速转向时的受力模型,用解析法列出其方程并求解,同时得到了受力模型中各力的影响因素和变化趋势;分析了刚性轮胎和弹性轮胎在侧偏力作用下的侧偏现象;定义了汽车转向前点和汽车转向理想线,提出了一种求取转向理想线的方法,分别用给定预偏角和侧偏角以及侧偏后前点距后轴距离两种的关系来判断此方法的正确性,结果证明此方法能很好地求得转向理想线;修正了考虑侧偏刚度后的阿克曼转向原理并分析了修正阿克曼转向原理的影响因素。
A force model of front-drive and rear wheel-drive at low speed steering is established and method of listing the equation is solved analytically,the influence factors and change trend on the force model are obtained;analysis of rigid and elastic tire in tire cornering force under the action of lateral phenomenon;the definition of former point and the steeringideal-line,put forward a method for getting to the steering-ideal-line,with the given bias angle and sideslip angle and lateral distance of two points before the rear axle relationship to determine the validity of this method,the results show that this method can well achieve to the ideal fixed line;considering the cornering stiffness after the Ackerman principle and analyzes the influence factors of the modified Ackermn steering principle.
A force model of front-drive and rear wheel-drive at low speed steering is established and method of listing the equation is solved analytically,the influence factors and change trend on the force model are obtained;analysis of rigid and elastic tire in tire cornering force under the action of lateral phenomenon;the definition of former point and the steeringideal-line,put forward a method for getting to the steering-ideal-line,with the given bias angle and sideslip angle and lateral distance of two points before the rear axle relationship to determine the validity of this method,the results show that this method can well achieve to the ideal fixed line;considering the cornering stiffness after the Ackerman principle and analyzes the influence factors of the modified Ackermn steering principle.
引文
[1]卢荡,郭孔辉.轮胎侧偏力学特性的胎压影响分析及预测[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2011(4):915-920.(Lu Dang,Guo Kong-hui.Analysis and prediction of tire cornering property for different inflation pressure[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2011(4):915-920.)
[2]王安顺,张景.汽车转向轮侧滑及其影响因素的研究[J].中国公路学报,1988(S1).(Wang An-shun,Zhang Jing.Research on the side slipping of the vehicle’s steering wheel and the influencing factors[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,1988(S1).)
[3]郭孔辉.轮胎侧偏特性的一般理论模型[J].汽车工程,1990(3):1-12.(Guo Kong-hui.A generalized analysis for tire side-slip characteristics[J].Automotive Engineering,1990(3):1-12.)
[4]彭旭东,郭孔辉,单国玲.汽车轮胎侧偏特性影响因素的试验研究[J].汽车工程,2004,26(6):675-677.(Peng Xu-dong,Guo Kong-hui.An experimental study on the factors affecting tire cornering characteristics[J].Automotive Engineering,2004,26(6):675-677.)
[5]伍文广,谷正气.计及侧偏特性的转向系统分析和优化[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2011(5):54-58.(Wu Wen-guang,Gu Zheng-qi.Analysis and optimization of the steering system considering cornering characteristics[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Science Edition,2011(5):54-58.)
[6]覃刚,孙营.考虑侧偏角影响的双前桥转向角匹配研究[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011(12):18-21.(Qin Gang,Sun Ying.Research on steer angle for double front axles steering systems considering with slip angle[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,12:18-21.)
[7]Miller,G.The effect of ackerman steering correction upon front tire wear of medium duty trucks[J].SAE Technical Paper 861975,1986.
[8]Mitchell,W.,Staniforth,A.,and Scott,I.Analysis of ackermann steering geometry[J].SAE Technical Paper,2006-01-3638,2006.
[9]Carcaterra A,D’Ambrogio W.A function generating differential mechanism for an exact solution of the steering problem[J].Mechanism&Machine Theory,1998,33(5):535-549.
[10]张文春主编.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005(7).(Zhang Wen-chun editor.Automotive Theory[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2005(7).)
[11]喻凡,林逸.汽车系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.(Yu Fan,Lin Yi.Automotive System Dynamics[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2010.)
[12]李恩科.汽车整体式转向机构的特性研究及转向纯滚动装置设计[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2013.(Li En-ke.Research on characteristic of integral steering mechanism and design steering complete rolling device[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University of Technology,2013.)
[13]廖林清,陈荣中.前后驱汽车低速转向受力分析对比研究[J].机械设计与制造,2016(7):201-204.(Liao Lin-qing,Chen Rong-zhong.The low-speed stress comparison study of the front and after driven steering car[J].Mechanical Design&Manufacture,2016(7):201-204.)
[2]王安顺,张景.汽车转向轮侧滑及其影响因素的研究[J].中国公路学报,1988(S1).(Wang An-shun,Zhang Jing.Research on the side slipping of the vehicle’s steering wheel and the influencing factors[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,1988(S1).)
[3]郭孔辉.轮胎侧偏特性的一般理论模型[J].汽车工程,1990(3):1-12.(Guo Kong-hui.A generalized analysis for tire side-slip characteristics[J].Automotive Engineering,1990(3):1-12.)
[4]彭旭东,郭孔辉,单国玲.汽车轮胎侧偏特性影响因素的试验研究[J].汽车工程,2004,26(6):675-677.(Peng Xu-dong,Guo Kong-hui.An experimental study on the factors affecting tire cornering characteristics[J].Automotive Engineering,2004,26(6):675-677.)
[5]伍文广,谷正气.计及侧偏特性的转向系统分析和优化[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2011(5):54-58.(Wu Wen-guang,Gu Zheng-qi.Analysis and optimization of the steering system considering cornering characteristics[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Science Edition,2011(5):54-58.)
[6]覃刚,孙营.考虑侧偏角影响的双前桥转向角匹配研究[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011(12):18-21.(Qin Gang,Sun Ying.Research on steer angle for double front axles steering systems considering with slip angle[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,12:18-21.)
[7]Miller,G.The effect of ackerman steering correction upon front tire wear of medium duty trucks[J].SAE Technical Paper 861975,1986.
[8]Mitchell,W.,Staniforth,A.,and Scott,I.Analysis of ackermann steering geometry[J].SAE Technical Paper,2006-01-3638,2006.
[9]Carcaterra A,D’Ambrogio W.A function generating differential mechanism for an exact solution of the steering problem[J].Mechanism&Machine Theory,1998,33(5):535-549.
[10]张文春主编.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005(7).(Zhang Wen-chun editor.Automotive Theory[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2005(7).)
[11]喻凡,林逸.汽车系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.(Yu Fan,Lin Yi.Automotive System Dynamics[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2010.)
[12]李恩科.汽车整体式转向机构的特性研究及转向纯滚动装置设计[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2013.(Li En-ke.Research on characteristic of integral steering mechanism and design steering complete rolling device[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University of Technology,2013.)
[13]廖林清,陈荣中.前后驱汽车低速转向受力分析对比研究[J].机械设计与制造,2016(7):201-204.(Liao Lin-qing,Chen Rong-zhong.The low-speed stress comparison study of the front and after driven steering car[J].Mechanical Design&Manufacture,2016(7):201-204.)