基于Argo的西北太平洋公海柔鱼渔场垂直水温结构的变化特征
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摘要
利用2007—2016年Argo温度剖面浮标资料,计算西北太平洋柔鱼作业渔场垂直剖面海水温度和温跃层特征参数,并结合西北太平洋公海柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)同期渔获数据,分析其中心渔场与垂直水温结构的季节性变化关系。结果表明:柔鱼渔汛期为每年的5—11月,其中8、9月是盛渔期,渔场位置相对集中,为150°E～160°E、39°N～45°N, CPUE超过2 t/(d·v);8月前和9月之后渔场相对分散,CPUE相对较低。渔场海洋温跃层上下界对应的海水温度,0～50 m和0～100 m水层温差具有明显的季节性变化。不同水层的水温温差从7月份开始逐步拉大,ΔT_(0-50 m)的平均温差达到了5.17℃,ΔT_(0-100 m)的温差为7.68℃;温差幅度最大值中ΔT_(0-50 m)出现在9月,为9.89℃;ΔT_(0-100 m)出现在9月,为12.64℃;10月和11月ΔT_(0-50 m)、ΔT_(0-100 m)逐步减小。在160°E以西海域,西部传统渔场海域温跃层上界深度处在20～50 m,对应海水温度范围在4～17℃;下界深度位于150～230 m,得出对应的温跃层下界的海水温度范围为3～11℃。渔场垂直水温结构ΔT_(0-50 m)、ΔT_(0-100 m)的值越大,CPUE越高,表明在温跃层水温降低幅度越大,柔鱼资源集聚密度越高,渔获量越好。对渔场垂直水温结构变化特征的研究为西北太平洋柔鱼的渔情预报和渔业生产提供了参考依据。
The fishery data of neon flying squid(Ommastrephe bartramii), vertical profile sea water temperature, and thermocline characteristic parameters via Argo temperature profile buoy data from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed, to examine the seasonal variations between the central fishing ground and vertical water temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The yield season of neon flying squid was from May to November, with the peak months in August and September, while the fishing areas contered in the region 150°E-160°E and 39°N-45°N, and CPUE exceeded 2 t/(d·V). The relatively low CPUE appeared at the months from May to July, and October to November. The fishing grounds were relatively dispersed before August and after September, with relatively low CPUE. The obvious changes of seasonal temperature appeared at the thermocline of upper and lower boundaries, and 0-50 m and 0-100 m water depth. The difference value of water layers temperature gradually increases from July, with 5.17 ℃ at ΔT_(0-50 m) and 7.68 ℃ at ΔT_(0-100 m). The highest difference value of ΔT_(0-50 m) appeared in September, with a value of 9.89 ℃, and ΔT_(0-100 m) appeared in September, with a value of 12.64 ℃ respectively. ΔT_(0-50 m) and ΔT_(0-100 m) began to decline gradually from October to November. In the western region, west of 160 °E traditional fishery waters at 20 to 50 m, upper and lower bounds of the thermocline depth corresponding to the water temperature range of 4 to 17 ℃. At same time, water temperature on the lower thermocline ranged from 3 to 11 ℃, at depth between 150 and 230 m. The result showed that the higher ΔT_(0-50 m) and ΔT_(0-100 m) were, the higher CPUE was, indicating that neon flying squid resources offered higher density and better catches when the temperature of thermocline decreased greatly. The research on the characteristics of vertical water temperature structure of neon flying squid fishery provides a reference for the prediction of fishery situation and fishery production in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The fishery data of neon flying squid(Ommastrephe bartramii), vertical profile sea water temperature, and thermocline characteristic parameters via Argo temperature profile buoy data from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed, to examine the seasonal variations between the central fishing ground and vertical water temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The yield season of neon flying squid was from May to November, with the peak months in August and September, while the fishing areas contered in the region 150°E-160°E and 39°N-45°N, and CPUE exceeded 2 t/(d·V). The relatively low CPUE appeared at the months from May to July, and October to November. The fishing grounds were relatively dispersed before August and after September, with relatively low CPUE. The obvious changes of seasonal temperature appeared at the thermocline of upper and lower boundaries, and 0-50 m and 0-100 m water depth. The difference value of water layers temperature gradually increases from July, with 5.17 ℃ at ΔT_(0-50 m) and 7.68 ℃ at ΔT_(0-100 m). The highest difference value of ΔT_(0-50 m) appeared in September, with a value of 9.89 ℃, and ΔT_(0-100 m) appeared in September, with a value of 12.64 ℃ respectively. ΔT_(0-50 m) and ΔT_(0-100 m) began to decline gradually from October to November. In the western region, west of 160 °E traditional fishery waters at 20 to 50 m, upper and lower bounds of the thermocline depth corresponding to the water temperature range of 4 to 17 ℃. At same time, water temperature on the lower thermocline ranged from 3 to 11 ℃, at depth between 150 and 230 m. The result showed that the higher ΔT_(0-50 m) and ΔT_(0-100 m) were, the higher CPUE was, indicating that neon flying squid resources offered higher density and better catches when the temperature of thermocline decreased greatly. The research on the characteristics of vertical water temperature structure of neon flying squid fishery provides a reference for the prediction of fishery situation and fishery production in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
引文
[1] 村田守,嶋津靖彦.北西太平洋海域にぉけるァカィカの资源特性值につぃて[R].北水研报告,1982:1-10.MURATA M,YASUHIKO Y J.According to the resource characteristic value of soft fish in the northwest Pacific Ocean[R].North Water Research Report,1982:1-10.
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[4] MURATA M,HAYASE S.Life history and biological information on flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the north Pacific Ocean[J].International north Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin,1993,53:147-182.
[5] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Interannual and seasonal variability of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the northwest Pacific ocean during 1995—2011[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2016,15(3):480-488.
[6] 田思泉,陈新军,冯波,等.西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度与栖息环境的关系及其时空分布[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(5):586-592.TIAN S Q,CHEN X J,FENG B,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of abundance index for Ommastrephes bartramii and its relationship with habitat environment in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2009,18(5):586-592.
[7] 沈新强,樊伟,崔雪森.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场分布与水温关系的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(3):10-14.SHEN X Q,FAN W,CUI X S.Study on the relationship of fishing ground distribution of Ommastrephes bartrami and water temperature in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(3):10-14.
[8] 陈新军,田思泉.西北太平洋海域柔鱼的产量分布及作业渔场与表温的关系研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(1):101-107.CHEN X J,TIAN S Q.Study on the catch distribution and relationship between fishing ground and surface temperature for Ommastrephes bartrami in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005,35(1):101-107.
[9] MTLRATA M,NAKAMURA Y.Seasonal migration and diel vertical migration of the neon flying squid,Ommastrephes Bartramii,in the north Pacific[C]//International Symposium on Large Pelagic Squids,July 18-19,1996,for JAMARC’s,25th Anniversary of its Foundation.Tokyo:Japan Marine Fishery Resources Research Center,1998:13-30.
[10] YATSU A,WATANABE T.Interannual variability in neon flying squid abundance and oceanographic conditions in the Central north Pacific,1982-1992[J].Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries,1996,33:123-138.
[11] 陈新军,许柳雄.北太平洋150°～165°E海域柔鱼渔场与表温及水温垂直结构的关系[J].海洋湖沼通报,2004(2):36-44.CHEN X J,XU L X.Analysis of relationship between fishing ground of Ommastrephe bartrami and surface water temperature and its vertical distribution from 150°E to 165°E in the northwestern Pacific[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2004(2):36-44.
[12] 范江涛,陈新军,曹杰,等.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场变化与黑潮的关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(3):378-384.FAN J T,CHEN X J,CAO J,et al.The variation of fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific concerning with Kuroshio Current[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(3):378-384.
[13] 陈峰,陈新军,刘必林,等.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场与水温垂直结构关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(4):495-504.CHEN F,CHEN X J,LIU B L,et al.Relationship between fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii and vertical temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(4):495-504.
[14] 陈新军,陈峰,高峰,等.基于水温垂直结构的西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地模型构建[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(6):52-60.CHEN X J,CHEN F,GAO F,et al.Modeling of habitat suitability of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) based on vertical temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(6):52-60.
[15] YATSU A,WATANABE T,MORI J,et al.Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid,Ommastrephes bartramii,in the north Pacific Ocean during 1979-1998:impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2000,9(2):163-170.
[16] 化成君,张衡,伍玉梅,等.中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓中心渔场的时空变化[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1243-1247.HUA C J,ZHANG H,WU Y M,et al.Spatiotemporal patterns of fishing grounds of tuna longline fishery in the mid-eastern Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(5):1243-1247.
[17] HASTIE T J,TIBSHIRANI R J.Generalized additive models[M].New York:Chapman and Hall,1990.
[18] 唐峰华,樊伟,伍玉梅,等.北太平洋柔鱼渔场资源与海洋环境关系的季节性变化[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):242-249.TANG F H,FAN W,WU Y M,et al.Seasonal changes of relationship between marine environment and squid fishing resources in north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(3):242-249.
[19] AKIMA H.A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures[J].Journal of the ACM,1970,17(4):589-602.
[20] 张胜茂,杨胜龙.Argo剖面数据在远洋金枪鱼渔业中的应用[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014:51-53.ZHANG S M,YANG S L.Argo profile data in the application of deep-sea tuna fishery[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2014:51-53.
[21] YATSU A,WATANABE T.Interannual variability in neon flying squid abundance and oceanographic conditions in the central north Pacific,1982-1992[J].Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries,1996,33:123-138.
[22] 唐峰华,靳少非,张胜茂,等.北太平洋柔鱼渔场时空分布与海洋环境要素的研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2093-2100.TANG F H,JIN S F,ZHANG S M,et al.Study for marine environmental elements on spatio-temporal distribution of neon flying squid in the north Pacific fishing ground[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(8):2093-2100.
[23] 陈新军,田思泉,钱卫国.月相对北太平洋海域柔鱼钓获率的影响[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(2):136-140.CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,QIAN W G.Effect of moon phase on the jigging rate of Ommastrephes bartrami in the north Pacific[J].Marine Fisheries,2006,28(2):136-140.
[24] 晏磊,张鹏,杨炳忠,等.南海鸢乌贼产量与表温及水温垂直结构的关系[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(2):469-477.YAN L,ZHANG P,YANG B Z,et al.Relationship between the catch of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and surface temperature and the vertical temperature structure in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(2):469-477.
[25] 杨胜龙,张胜茂,蒋兴伟,等.热带大西洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场温跃层的时空变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(3):349-357.YANG S L,ZHANG S M,JIANG X W,et al.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the thermocline in Thunnus obesus and Thunnus albacares fishing grounds in the tropical Atlantic Ocean[J] Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(3):349-357.
[26] YU W,CHEN X J,CHEN C S,et al.Impacts of oceanographic factors on interannual variability of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(10):48-59.
[27] 王文宇,周成虎,邵全琴,等.RS/GIS支持下的柔鱼中心渔场时空动态迁移研究[J].高技术通讯,2003,13(11):90-93.WANG W Y,ZHOU C H,SHAO Q Q,et al.An application of rs/gis on study on the migration dynamics of Ommastrephes bartrami[J].High Technology Letters,2003,13(11):90-93.
[28] CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,GUAN W J.Variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,33(4):45-54.
[2] 王尧耕,陈新军.世界大洋性经济柔鱼类资源及其渔业[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:124-156.WANG Y G,CHEN X J.Economy soft fish resources and fishing in the world ocean[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2005:124-148.
[3] YU W,CHEN X J,CHEN Y,et al.Effects of environmental variations on the abundance of western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,34(8):43-51.
[4] MURATA M,HAYASE S.Life history and biological information on flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the north Pacific Ocean[J].International north Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin,1993,53:147-182.
[5] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Interannual and seasonal variability of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the northwest Pacific ocean during 1995—2011[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2016,15(3):480-488.
[6] 田思泉,陈新军,冯波,等.西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度与栖息环境的关系及其时空分布[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(5):586-592.TIAN S Q,CHEN X J,FENG B,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of abundance index for Ommastrephes bartramii and its relationship with habitat environment in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2009,18(5):586-592.
[7] 沈新强,樊伟,崔雪森.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场分布与水温关系的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(3):10-14.SHEN X Q,FAN W,CUI X S.Study on the relationship of fishing ground distribution of Ommastrephes bartrami and water temperature in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(3):10-14.
[8] 陈新军,田思泉.西北太平洋海域柔鱼的产量分布及作业渔场与表温的关系研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(1):101-107.CHEN X J,TIAN S Q.Study on the catch distribution and relationship between fishing ground and surface temperature for Ommastrephes bartrami in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005,35(1):101-107.
[9] MTLRATA M,NAKAMURA Y.Seasonal migration and diel vertical migration of the neon flying squid,Ommastrephes Bartramii,in the north Pacific[C]//International Symposium on Large Pelagic Squids,July 18-19,1996,for JAMARC’s,25th Anniversary of its Foundation.Tokyo:Japan Marine Fishery Resources Research Center,1998:13-30.
[10] YATSU A,WATANABE T.Interannual variability in neon flying squid abundance and oceanographic conditions in the Central north Pacific,1982-1992[J].Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries,1996,33:123-138.
[11] 陈新军,许柳雄.北太平洋150°～165°E海域柔鱼渔场与表温及水温垂直结构的关系[J].海洋湖沼通报,2004(2):36-44.CHEN X J,XU L X.Analysis of relationship between fishing ground of Ommastrephe bartrami and surface water temperature and its vertical distribution from 150°E to 165°E in the northwestern Pacific[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2004(2):36-44.
[12] 范江涛,陈新军,曹杰,等.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场变化与黑潮的关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(3):378-384.FAN J T,CHEN X J,CAO J,et al.The variation of fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific concerning with Kuroshio Current[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(3):378-384.
[13] 陈峰,陈新军,刘必林,等.西北太平洋柔鱼渔场与水温垂直结构关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(4):495-504.CHEN F,CHEN X J,LIU B L,et al.Relationship between fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii and vertical temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(4):495-504.
[14] 陈新军,陈峰,高峰,等.基于水温垂直结构的西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地模型构建[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(6):52-60.CHEN X J,CHEN F,GAO F,et al.Modeling of habitat suitability of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) based on vertical temperature structure in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(6):52-60.
[15] YATSU A,WATANABE T,MORI J,et al.Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid,Ommastrephes bartramii,in the north Pacific Ocean during 1979-1998:impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2000,9(2):163-170.
[16] 化成君,张衡,伍玉梅,等.中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓中心渔场的时空变化[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1243-1247.HUA C J,ZHANG H,WU Y M,et al.Spatiotemporal patterns of fishing grounds of tuna longline fishery in the mid-eastern Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(5):1243-1247.
[17] HASTIE T J,TIBSHIRANI R J.Generalized additive models[M].New York:Chapman and Hall,1990.
[18] 唐峰华,樊伟,伍玉梅,等.北太平洋柔鱼渔场资源与海洋环境关系的季节性变化[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):242-249.TANG F H,FAN W,WU Y M,et al.Seasonal changes of relationship between marine environment and squid fishing resources in north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(3):242-249.
[19] AKIMA H.A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures[J].Journal of the ACM,1970,17(4):589-602.
[20] 张胜茂,杨胜龙.Argo剖面数据在远洋金枪鱼渔业中的应用[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014:51-53.ZHANG S M,YANG S L.Argo profile data in the application of deep-sea tuna fishery[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2014:51-53.
[21] YATSU A,WATANABE T.Interannual variability in neon flying squid abundance and oceanographic conditions in the central north Pacific,1982-1992[J].Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries,1996,33:123-138.
[22] 唐峰华,靳少非,张胜茂,等.北太平洋柔鱼渔场时空分布与海洋环境要素的研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2093-2100.TANG F H,JIN S F,ZHANG S M,et al.Study for marine environmental elements on spatio-temporal distribution of neon flying squid in the north Pacific fishing ground[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(8):2093-2100.
[23] 陈新军,田思泉,钱卫国.月相对北太平洋海域柔鱼钓获率的影响[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(2):136-140.CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,QIAN W G.Effect of moon phase on the jigging rate of Ommastrephes bartrami in the north Pacific[J].Marine Fisheries,2006,28(2):136-140.
[24] 晏磊,张鹏,杨炳忠,等.南海鸢乌贼产量与表温及水温垂直结构的关系[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(2):469-477.YAN L,ZHANG P,YANG B Z,et al.Relationship between the catch of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and surface temperature and the vertical temperature structure in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(2):469-477.
[25] 杨胜龙,张胜茂,蒋兴伟,等.热带大西洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场温跃层的时空变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(3):349-357.YANG S L,ZHANG S M,JIANG X W,et al.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the thermocline in Thunnus obesus and Thunnus albacares fishing grounds in the tropical Atlantic Ocean[J] Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(3):349-357.
[26] YU W,CHEN X J,CHEN C S,et al.Impacts of oceanographic factors on interannual variability of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(10):48-59.
[27] 王文宇,周成虎,邵全琴,等.RS/GIS支持下的柔鱼中心渔场时空动态迁移研究[J].高技术通讯,2003,13(11):90-93.WANG W Y,ZHOU C H,SHAO Q Q,et al.An application of rs/gis on study on the migration dynamics of Ommastrephes bartrami[J].High Technology Letters,2003,13(11):90-93.
[28] CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,GUAN W J.Variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,33(4):45-54.
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