基于海表温度和光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体栖息地热点预测
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摘要
柔鱼是大洋洄游性头足类种类,具有重要的生态地位和经济价值,目前是日本、韩国和中国等国家在西北太平洋捕捞的主要对象。柔鱼属于短生命周期生物,其栖息地适宜性受气候和海洋环境变化的显著影响。本文根据中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的2006—2015年9—11月中国鱿钓捕捞数据和海表面温度(SST)以及光合有效辐射(PAR)两个关键环境因子,构建基于捕捞努力量和算术平均算法的柔鱼综合栖息地热点预测模型,并对比分析柔鱼栖息地适宜性在超强厄尔尼诺和强拉尼娜条件下的变动规律及其成因。结果表明:基于SST和PAR的栖息地模型能够有效地预测西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地热点海域;9—11月柔鱼各月适宜的SST和PAR范围具有显著月间变化且逐渐减小;柔鱼产量、捕捞努力量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)随栖息地指数值的增加呈现线性增加趋势。对比2007年强拉尼娜年份和2015年超强厄尔尼诺年份,研究发现,2007年柔鱼CPUE和栖息地适宜性显著高于2015年,其主要原因可能是2007年强拉尼娜现象导致柔鱼渔场内适宜的SST和PAR面积显著增加,而2015年超强厄尔尼诺现象导致两者适宜面积急剧下降,从而导致柔鱼栖息地适宜性变差,柔鱼CPUE降低。
The neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii from is a migratory ommastrephidae squid species with ecological importance and economic values. At present, O. bartramii is mainly targeted by the squid-jigging fishing vessels from Japan, ROK and China and so on. O. bartramii has only 1-year life span, therefore, its habitat suitability is largely affected by climate variability and environmental conditions. In this study, an integrated habitat suitability index(HSI) model was developed based on the fishing effort and the arithmetic mean method by using the fisheries data from September to November during 2006-2015 obtained from the data centers of Chinese squid-jigging fishery combined with two key environmental variables including sea surface temperature(SST) and photosynthetically active radiation(PAR). This study further evaluated and compared the impacts of very strong El Niňo and strong La Niňa on habitat suitability of O. bartramii. Results showed that habitat modeling method based on SST and PAR could effectively predict the habitat hot spots of O. bartramii in the Norwest Pacific Ocean. It was clearly found that the suitable ranges of SST and PAR varied monthly, and the ranges decreased from September to November. The catch, fishing effort and catch per unit effort(CPUE)tended to linearly increase with the habitat suitability index. Comparing the 2007 year with strong La Niňa and the 2015 year with very strong El Niňo, it showed that the CPUE and habitat suitability in 2007 were higher than those in 2015. The difference might be attributed to the high enlargement of suitable area of SST and PAR in 2007 due to the strong La Niňa, while the very strong El Niňo in 2015 led to the sharp decrease of suitable area for both SST and PAR. All of these resulted in the low CPUE.
The neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii from is a migratory ommastrephidae squid species with ecological importance and economic values. At present, O. bartramii is mainly targeted by the squid-jigging fishing vessels from Japan, ROK and China and so on. O. bartramii has only 1-year life span, therefore, its habitat suitability is largely affected by climate variability and environmental conditions. In this study, an integrated habitat suitability index(HSI) model was developed based on the fishing effort and the arithmetic mean method by using the fisheries data from September to November during 2006-2015 obtained from the data centers of Chinese squid-jigging fishery combined with two key environmental variables including sea surface temperature(SST) and photosynthetically active radiation(PAR). This study further evaluated and compared the impacts of very strong El Niňo and strong La Niňa on habitat suitability of O. bartramii. Results showed that habitat modeling method based on SST and PAR could effectively predict the habitat hot spots of O. bartramii in the Norwest Pacific Ocean. It was clearly found that the suitable ranges of SST and PAR varied monthly, and the ranges decreased from September to November. The catch, fishing effort and catch per unit effort(CPUE)tended to linearly increase with the habitat suitability index. Comparing the 2007 year with strong La Niňa and the 2015 year with very strong El Niňo, it showed that the CPUE and habitat suitability in 2007 were higher than those in 2015. The difference might be attributed to the high enlargement of suitable area of SST and PAR in 2007 due to the strong La Niňa, while the very strong El Niňo in 2015 led to the sharp decrease of suitable area for both SST and PAR. All of these resulted in the low CPUE.
引文
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[2] 王尧耕,陈新军.世界大洋性经济柔鱼类资源及其渔业[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:152-153.WANG Y G,CHEN X J.Economy soft fish resources and fishing in the world ocean[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2005:152-153.
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[5] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.A review of interaction between neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) and oceanographic variability in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2015,14(4):739-748.
[6] 龚彩霞,陈新军,高峰,等.栖息地适宜性指数在渔业科学中的应用进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(2):260-269.GONG C X,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Review on habitat suitability index in fishery science[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2011,20(2):260-269.
[7] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Variability of suitable habitat of western winter-spring cohort for neon flying squid in the northwest Pacific under anomalous environments[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0122997.
[8] 陈新军,刘必林,田思泉,等.利用基于表温因子的栖息地模型预测西北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)渔场[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(6):707-713.CHEN X J,LIU B L,TIAN S Q,et al.Forecasting the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii with SST-based habitat suitability modelling in northwestern Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(6):707-713.
[9] ALADOS I,FOYO-MORENO I,ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS L.Photosynthetically active radiation:measurements and modelling[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1996,78(1/2):121-131.
[10] 赵进平,王维波,LEE C.利用北冰洋多光谱数据计算光合有效辐射的研究[J].极地研究,2010,22(2):91-103.ZHAO J P,WANG W B,LEE C.Calculation of photosynthetically available radiation using multispectral data in the Arctic[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2010,22(2):91-103.
[11] SANCHEZ P,DEMESTRE M,RECASENS L,et al.Com-bining GIS and GAMs to identify potential habitats of squid Loligo vulgaris in the northwestern Mediterranean[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,612(1):91-98.
[12] 余为,陈新军.东南太平洋秘鲁海域光合有效辐射对茎柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布的影响研究[J].海洋学报,2017,39(11):97-105.YU W,CHEN X J.Influences of photosynthetically active radiation on abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in the southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(11):97-105.
[13] CAO J,CHEN X J,CHEN Y.Influence of surface ocean-ographic variability on abundance of the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the NW Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2009,381:119-127.
[14] CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,LIU B L,et al.Modeling a habitat suitability index for the eastern fall cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii in the central north Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,29(3):493-504.
[15] YU W,YI Q,CHEN X J,et al.Modelling the effects of climate variability on habitat suitability of jumbo flying squid,Dosidicus gigas,in the southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2016,73(2):239-249.
[16] ALABIA I D,SAITOH S I,HIRAWAKE T,et al.Elu-cidating the potential squid habitat responses in the central north Pacific to the recent ENSO flavors[J].Hydrobiologia,2016,772(1):215-227.
[17] 徐冰,陈新军,田思泉,等.厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):696-707.XU B,CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,et al.Effects of El Niňo/La Niňa on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):696-707.
[18] ZAINUDDIN M,KIYOFUJI H,SAITOH K,et al.Using multi-sensor satellite remote sensing and catch data to detect ocean hot spots for albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the northwestern North Pacific[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2006,53(3/4):419-431.
[19] TAKASUKA A,NISHIKAWA K,KURODA H,et al.Growth variability of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis:survival potential of minority versus majority[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2016,25(4):390-406.
[20] YATSU A,WATANABE T,ISHIDA M,et al.Environmental effects on recruitment and productivity of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with recommendations for management[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2005,14(4):263-278.
[21] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Spatio-temporal distri-butions and habitat hotspots of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in relation to oceanographic conditions in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2016,175:103-115.
[22] 余为,陈新军,易倩,等.北太平洋柔鱼早期生活史研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):755-762.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Review on the early life history of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the north Pacific[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(5):755-762.
[23] ALABIA I D,SAITOH S I,MUGO R,et al.Identifying pelagic habitat hotspots of neon flying squid in the temperate waters of the central north Pacific[J].PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0142885.
[24] 余为,陈新军,易倩.西北太平洋海洋净初级生产力与柔鱼资源量变动关系的研究[J].海洋学报,2016,38(2):64-72.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Relationship between spatio-temporal dynamics of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii and net primary production in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(2):64-72.
[25] CHEN X J,LIU B L.The catch distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in squid jigging fishery and the relationship between fishing ground and SST in the north Pacific Ocean in 2004[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2006,8(2):83-91.
[26] TIAN S Q,CHEN X J,CHEN Y,et al.Evaluating habitat suitability indices derived from CPUE and fishing effort data for Ommatrephes bartramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2009,95(2/3):181-188.
[27] GONG C X,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Importance of weighting for multi-variable habitat suitability index model:a case study of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(2):241-248.
[28] ANDERSON C I H,RODHOUSE P G.Life cycles,ocean-ography and variability:ommastrephid squid in variable oceanographic environments[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):133-143.
[29] ZAINUDDIN M,SAITOH K,SAITOH S I.Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishing ground in relation to oceanographic conditions in the western north Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed satellite data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2010,17(2):61-73.
[30] TIAN Y,AKAMINE T,SUDA M.Variations in the abundance of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) from the northwestern Pacific in relation to oceanic-climate changes[J].Fisheries Research,2003,60(2/3):439-454.
[2] 王尧耕,陈新军.世界大洋性经济柔鱼类资源及其渔业[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:152-153.WANG Y G,CHEN X J.Economy soft fish resources and fishing in the world ocean[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2005:152-153.
[3] CHEN X J,LIU B L,CHEN Y.A review of the development of Chinese distant-water squid jigging fisheries[J].Fisheries Research,2008,89(3):211-221.
[4] CHEN X J,ZHAO X H,CHEN Y.Influence of El Niňo/La Niňa on the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64(6):1152-1160.
[5] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.A review of interaction between neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) and oceanographic variability in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2015,14(4):739-748.
[6] 龚彩霞,陈新军,高峰,等.栖息地适宜性指数在渔业科学中的应用进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(2):260-269.GONG C X,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Review on habitat suitability index in fishery science[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2011,20(2):260-269.
[7] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Variability of suitable habitat of western winter-spring cohort for neon flying squid in the northwest Pacific under anomalous environments[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0122997.
[8] 陈新军,刘必林,田思泉,等.利用基于表温因子的栖息地模型预测西北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)渔场[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(6):707-713.CHEN X J,LIU B L,TIAN S Q,et al.Forecasting the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii with SST-based habitat suitability modelling in northwestern Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(6):707-713.
[9] ALADOS I,FOYO-MORENO I,ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS L.Photosynthetically active radiation:measurements and modelling[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1996,78(1/2):121-131.
[10] 赵进平,王维波,LEE C.利用北冰洋多光谱数据计算光合有效辐射的研究[J].极地研究,2010,22(2):91-103.ZHAO J P,WANG W B,LEE C.Calculation of photosynthetically available radiation using multispectral data in the Arctic[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2010,22(2):91-103.
[11] SANCHEZ P,DEMESTRE M,RECASENS L,et al.Com-bining GIS and GAMs to identify potential habitats of squid Loligo vulgaris in the northwestern Mediterranean[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,612(1):91-98.
[12] 余为,陈新军.东南太平洋秘鲁海域光合有效辐射对茎柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布的影响研究[J].海洋学报,2017,39(11):97-105.YU W,CHEN X J.Influences of photosynthetically active radiation on abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in the southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(11):97-105.
[13] CAO J,CHEN X J,CHEN Y.Influence of surface ocean-ographic variability on abundance of the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the NW Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2009,381:119-127.
[14] CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,LIU B L,et al.Modeling a habitat suitability index for the eastern fall cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii in the central north Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,29(3):493-504.
[15] YU W,YI Q,CHEN X J,et al.Modelling the effects of climate variability on habitat suitability of jumbo flying squid,Dosidicus gigas,in the southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2016,73(2):239-249.
[16] ALABIA I D,SAITOH S I,HIRAWAKE T,et al.Elu-cidating the potential squid habitat responses in the central north Pacific to the recent ENSO flavors[J].Hydrobiologia,2016,772(1):215-227.
[17] 徐冰,陈新军,田思泉,等.厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):696-707.XU B,CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,et al.Effects of El Niňo/La Niňa on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):696-707.
[18] ZAINUDDIN M,KIYOFUJI H,SAITOH K,et al.Using multi-sensor satellite remote sensing and catch data to detect ocean hot spots for albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the northwestern North Pacific[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2006,53(3/4):419-431.
[19] TAKASUKA A,NISHIKAWA K,KURODA H,et al.Growth variability of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis:survival potential of minority versus majority[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2016,25(4):390-406.
[20] YATSU A,WATANABE T,ISHIDA M,et al.Environmental effects on recruitment and productivity of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with recommendations for management[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2005,14(4):263-278.
[21] YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Spatio-temporal distri-butions and habitat hotspots of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in relation to oceanographic conditions in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2016,175:103-115.
[22] 余为,陈新军,易倩,等.北太平洋柔鱼早期生活史研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):755-762.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Review on the early life history of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the north Pacific[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(5):755-762.
[23] ALABIA I D,SAITOH S I,MUGO R,et al.Identifying pelagic habitat hotspots of neon flying squid in the temperate waters of the central north Pacific[J].PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0142885.
[24] 余为,陈新军,易倩.西北太平洋海洋净初级生产力与柔鱼资源量变动关系的研究[J].海洋学报,2016,38(2):64-72.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Relationship between spatio-temporal dynamics of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii and net primary production in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(2):64-72.
[25] CHEN X J,LIU B L.The catch distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in squid jigging fishery and the relationship between fishing ground and SST in the north Pacific Ocean in 2004[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2006,8(2):83-91.
[26] TIAN S Q,CHEN X J,CHEN Y,et al.Evaluating habitat suitability indices derived from CPUE and fishing effort data for Ommatrephes bartramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2009,95(2/3):181-188.
[27] GONG C X,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Importance of weighting for multi-variable habitat suitability index model:a case study of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(2):241-248.
[28] ANDERSON C I H,RODHOUSE P G.Life cycles,ocean-ography and variability:ommastrephid squid in variable oceanographic environments[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):133-143.
[29] ZAINUDDIN M,SAITOH K,SAITOH S I.Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishing ground in relation to oceanographic conditions in the western north Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed satellite data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2010,17(2):61-73.
[30] TIAN Y,AKAMINE T,SUDA M.Variations in the abundance of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) from the northwestern Pacific in relation to oceanic-climate changes[J].Fisheries Research,2003,60(2/3):439-454.
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