不同青贮玉米大喇叭口期和成熟期耐盐碱性综合评价
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摘要
以25个不同青贮玉米品种为试验材料,在宁夏银川北部盐碱地,通过测定不同品种大喇叭口期和成熟期的表型性状和光合气体交换参数进行耐盐碱性鉴定,并利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数法对不同青贮玉米的耐盐碱强弱进行综合评价。结果表明:各青贮玉米品种处于不同生育期时对盐碱的敏感程度不同(发育阶段性),同一时期不同品种之间耐盐碱性也存在着差异(品种特异性)。根据综合评价值(D值)大小,将耐盐碱性分为三级:D值大于0.6为强耐盐碱性材料; D值在0.2～0.6之间为中耐盐碱性材料; D值低于0.2为对盐碱敏感的材料。其中,在大喇叭口期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有:科多8号、桂青贮1号和133-2/1528,D值分别为0.770、0.705和0.614;在成熟期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有:H14/A18和桂青贮1号,D值分别为0.761和0.728;而表现为敏盐性的材料为H14/1528,D值在大喇叭口期和成熟期时分别为0.140和0.155;其余品种均属于中度耐盐碱材料,D值处于0.2～0.6之间。
The objective of this study was to evaluate saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize cultivars in northern saline-alkali land in Yinchuan,Ningxia and identify and screen silage maize varieties with tolerance to saline-alkali and sensitive to saline-alkali,and then provide theoretical basis for selecting saline-alkali tolerant silage maize varieties. Based on the indexes of the stages of V14( 14 th leaf) and maturity including phenotypic traits and physiological indexes,the saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize germplasms were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and the subordinate function method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in saline-alkali tolerance of different silage maize varieties in different growth stages. Based on comprehensive evaluation value( D) that represented saline-alkali-tolerance,tested maize genotypes were categorized into three groups: high tolerance( group A,D > 0. 6),intermediate tolerance( group B,0. 2 < D < 0. 6),susceptibility( group C,D< 0.2). In the V14 stage,Ke duo 8,Gui silage No. 1,and 133-2/1528 had high saline-alkali tolerance with D values of 0.770,0.705,and 0.614,respectively. The H14/A18 and Gui silage No. 1 had high tolerance during maturity with D values of 0.761 and 0.728,respectively. In these two stages,the saline-alkali sensitive cultivars were H14/1528 with D values of 0.140 and 0.155,respectively. Other maize genotypes belonged to the intermediate tolerance group with the D values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. This results can provide a valuable foundation for selecting salt tolerance silage maize,esp. in the study region.
The objective of this study was to evaluate saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize cultivars in northern saline-alkali land in Yinchuan,Ningxia and identify and screen silage maize varieties with tolerance to saline-alkali and sensitive to saline-alkali,and then provide theoretical basis for selecting saline-alkali tolerant silage maize varieties. Based on the indexes of the stages of V14( 14 th leaf) and maturity including phenotypic traits and physiological indexes,the saline-alkali tolerance of 25 silage maize germplasms were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and the subordinate function method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in saline-alkali tolerance of different silage maize varieties in different growth stages. Based on comprehensive evaluation value( D) that represented saline-alkali-tolerance,tested maize genotypes were categorized into three groups: high tolerance( group A,D > 0. 6),intermediate tolerance( group B,0. 2 < D < 0. 6),susceptibility( group C,D< 0.2). In the V14 stage,Ke duo 8,Gui silage No. 1,and 133-2/1528 had high saline-alkali tolerance with D values of 0.770,0.705,and 0.614,respectively. The H14/A18 and Gui silage No. 1 had high tolerance during maturity with D values of 0.761 and 0.728,respectively. In these two stages,the saline-alkali sensitive cultivars were H14/1528 with D values of 0.140 and 0.155,respectively. Other maize genotypes belonged to the intermediate tolerance group with the D values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. This results can provide a valuable foundation for selecting salt tolerance silage maize,esp. in the study region.
引文
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[15]李丰先,周宇飞,王艺陶,等.高粱品种萌发期耐碱性筛选与综合鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1762-1771.
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[21]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等. Na Cl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学報,2002,22(2):278-284.
[22]罗敏,张荣,吴翠萍,等.玉米幼苗期耐盐性评价适宜盐浓度的研究[J].天津农学院学报,2015,22(1):6-9.
[23] Storey R,Walker R R. Citrus and salinity[J]. Scientia Horticul-turae,1998,78(1):39-81.
[24]崔世友,喻德跃.大豆不同生育时期叶绿素含量QTL的定位及其与产量的关联分析[J].作物学报,2007,33(5):744-750.
[25]曹保华.盐胁迫影响大豆光合作用的部分机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[26]薛延丰,刘兆普.不同浓度Na Cl和Na2CO3处理对菊芋幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):161-167.
[27]王丽燕,赵可夫.玉米幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应[J].作物学报,2005,31(2):264-266.
[28]刘志伟,黄冠华.氯化钠不同浓度对夏玉米生长和吸氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):132-136.
[29]包明陈,谭燕,周航飞,等.盐胁迫对不同耐性玉米光合作用的影响[J].中国农业信息,2013,(5):87-88.
[30]许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[31]邱念伟,刘倩,王凤德,等.大白菜不同发育阶段耐盐性的长期观察[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1597-1603.
[32]吴家富,杨博文,向珣朝,等.不同水稻种质在不同生育期耐盐鉴定的差异[J].植物学报,2017,52(1):77-88.
[2] Takehisa H,Shimodate T,Fukuta Y,et al. Identification of quan-titative trait loci for plant growth of rice in paddy field flooded withsalt water[J]. Field Crops Research,2004,89(1):85-95.
[3]高建明,夏卜贤,袁庆华,等.高粱种质材料幼苗期耐盐碱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1303-1310.
[4]孙欢欢,韩兆雪,谭登峰,等.新培育玉米自交系苗期生理生化指标与其抗旱性综合评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):9-14.
[5]杨晓杰,李旭业,王海艳,等.玉米自交系耐盐种质的筛选及耐盐性评价[J].玉米科学,2014,22(4):19-25.
[6]孙浩,张保望,李宗新,等.夏玉米品种盐碱胁迫耐受能力评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):81-87.
[7]郝德荣,程玉静,徐辰武,等.玉米耐盐种质筛选及群体遗传结构分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(6):1153-1160.
[8] Eker S,Comertpay G,lger A C,et al. Effect of salinity stress ondry matter production and ion accumulation in hybrid maize varieties[J]. Turkish Journal of Agriculture&Forestry,2006,(5):365-373.
[9]汤华,柳晓磊.盐胁迫下玉米苗期农艺性状和脯氨酸含量变化的研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):244-249.
[10]付艳,高树仁,杨克军,等.盐胁迫对玉米耐盐系与盐敏感系苗期几个生理生化指标的影响[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(5):459-462.
[11]谷思玉,周连仁,王佳佳.不同品种玉米萌发期耐盐性的比较[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):34-39.
[12]张静,王玉凤,杨克军,等.玉米芽期耐盐与敏感基因型的筛选[J].玉米科学,2015,23(6):55-64.
[13] Messmer S T P,Stamp N,Ruta A.QTLs for early vigor of tropicalmaize[J].Mol Breeding,2010,25(1):91-103.
[14]张士超,袁芳,郭建荣,等.利用隶属函数值法对甜高粱苗期耐盐性的综合评价[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(6):893-902.
[15]李丰先,周宇飞,王艺陶,等.高粱品种萌发期耐碱性筛选与综合鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1762-1771.
[16] Parida A K,Das A B. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2005,60(3):324-349.
[17] Munns R. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress[J].Plant Cell and Environmental,2002,25(2):239-250.
[18] Huang Z,Long X,Wang L,et al.Growth,photosynthesis and H+-ATPase activity in two Jerusalem artichoke varieties under Na Clinduced stress[J].Process Biochem,2012,47(4):591-596.
[19]姚正培,孟君,李冠.玉米自交系芽苗期耐盐性的鉴定与筛选[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):27-30.
[20]郑飞,陈艳萍,孟庆长,等. 7份玉米自交系耐盐性鉴定[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(12):112-115.
[21]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等. Na Cl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学報,2002,22(2):278-284.
[22]罗敏,张荣,吴翠萍,等.玉米幼苗期耐盐性评价适宜盐浓度的研究[J].天津农学院学报,2015,22(1):6-9.
[23] Storey R,Walker R R. Citrus and salinity[J]. Scientia Horticul-turae,1998,78(1):39-81.
[24]崔世友,喻德跃.大豆不同生育时期叶绿素含量QTL的定位及其与产量的关联分析[J].作物学报,2007,33(5):744-750.
[25]曹保华.盐胁迫影响大豆光合作用的部分机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[26]薛延丰,刘兆普.不同浓度Na Cl和Na2CO3处理对菊芋幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):161-167.
[27]王丽燕,赵可夫.玉米幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应[J].作物学报,2005,31(2):264-266.
[28]刘志伟,黄冠华.氯化钠不同浓度对夏玉米生长和吸氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):132-136.
[29]包明陈,谭燕,周航飞,等.盐胁迫对不同耐性玉米光合作用的影响[J].中国农业信息,2013,(5):87-88.
[30]许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[31]邱念伟,刘倩,王凤德,等.大白菜不同发育阶段耐盐性的长期观察[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1597-1603.
[32]吴家富,杨博文,向珣朝,等.不同水稻种质在不同生育期耐盐鉴定的差异[J].植物学报,2017,52(1):77-88.