泰宁县芦蓭坑沟“5.8”特大泥石流成因和特性分析
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摘要
通过对2016年5月8日泰宁芦蓭坑沟泥石流灾害的现场调查,分析了芦蓭坑沟泥石流形成的物源、地形和水源条件,采用现场调查与模型计算相结合的方法分析了泥石流灾害的特征与形成演化过程。分析结果表明:本次泥石流为低频黏性暴雨型沟谷泥石流,沟口处泥石流流速达到11.7 m/s,泥石流流量达到721.7 m~3/s;极端雷暴雨是本次泥石流的激发因素,沟道复杂的地形地貌特征和丰富的松散坡积物为泥石流提供了演化条件;沟道内多处卡口和大石块堵塞放大了本次泥石流的规模和速度,沿途固体物质补给使泥石流容重逐步增大。通过分析芦蓭坑沟泥石流形成与演化特征,为类似低频泥石流灾害形成与演化提供一定的理论与技术支撑。
Debris flow formation conditions of source, terrain and water were analyzed according to field investigation at Luankeng gully. The characteristics and evolution process of debris flow are studied by field investigation and model calculation. Results show that this is a low frequency and viscous type debris flow. The largest velocity reached to 11.7 m/s and the discharge of debris flow was as large as 721.7 m~3/s at the gully mouth. Combination of high frequency thunder and heavy precipitation were the motivating factor of this debris flow. The complicated topographic of the channel and abundant loose slope deposits provide the evolutionary condition for the debris flow. Scale and speed of the debris flow were magnified by disturbed cross sections and large stones. Solid material supply along the route made the density of debris flow increase gradually. This study provides an example of formation and evolution of this kind of debris flow.
Debris flow formation conditions of source, terrain and water were analyzed according to field investigation at Luankeng gully. The characteristics and evolution process of debris flow are studied by field investigation and model calculation. Results show that this is a low frequency and viscous type debris flow. The largest velocity reached to 11.7 m/s and the discharge of debris flow was as large as 721.7 m~3/s at the gully mouth. Combination of high frequency thunder and heavy precipitation were the motivating factor of this debris flow. The complicated topographic of the channel and abundant loose slope deposits provide the evolutionary condition for the debris flow. Scale and speed of the debris flow were magnified by disturbed cross sections and large stones. Solid material supply along the route made the density of debris flow increase gradually. This study provides an example of formation and evolution of this kind of debris flow.
引文
[1] 陈宁生,黄丹青,赵春瑶,等.泰宁县芦蓭坑沟特大灾害性泥石流应急科学调查[J].山地学报,2017,35(1):117-120.
[2] 倪化勇,吕学军,刘宇杰,等.低频泥石流特征及其预测初步探讨[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):612-620.
[3] Wang S G.Characteristics of large low-frequency debris flow hazards and mitigation strategies [J].Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2 (1):50-58.
[4] 王春山,巴仁基,刘宇杰,等.低频泥石流特征及其危险性的模糊综合评判[J].人民长江,2012,43(5):42-46.
[5] 崔鹏.中国山地灾害研究进展与未来应关注的科学问题[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(2):145-152.
[6] Liu J F,You Y,Chen X Q,et al.Characteristics and hazard prediction of large-scale debris flow of Xiaojia Gully in Yingxiu Town,Sichuan Province,China [J].Engineering Geology,2014,180:55-67.
[7] 胡桂胜,陈宁生,游勇,等.“7·10”连山大桥泥石流运动特征与沟道堵溃分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):641-648.
[8] 游勇,陈兴长,柳金峰.汶川地震后四川安县甘沟堵溃泥石流及其对策[J].山地学报,2011,29(3):320-327.
[9] 陈宁生,崔鹏,高延超,等.黏土颗粒含量对泥石流启动的影响作用分析[C]//第二十五届全国土工测试学术研讨会论文集,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2008:216-221.
[10] Takahashi T.Estimation of potential debris flows and their hazardous zones:soft counter measures for a disaster [J].Natural Disaster Science,1981,3(1):57-59.
[11] 陈光曦,王继康,王林海.泥石流防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983:151-162.
[12] 余斌,杨永红,苏永超,等.甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.
[13] 游勇,柳金峰,陈兴长.“5.12”汶川地震后北川苏保河流域泥石流危害及特征[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):358-366.
[2] 倪化勇,吕学军,刘宇杰,等.低频泥石流特征及其预测初步探讨[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):612-620.
[3] Wang S G.Characteristics of large low-frequency debris flow hazards and mitigation strategies [J].Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2 (1):50-58.
[4] 王春山,巴仁基,刘宇杰,等.低频泥石流特征及其危险性的模糊综合评判[J].人民长江,2012,43(5):42-46.
[5] 崔鹏.中国山地灾害研究进展与未来应关注的科学问题[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(2):145-152.
[6] Liu J F,You Y,Chen X Q,et al.Characteristics and hazard prediction of large-scale debris flow of Xiaojia Gully in Yingxiu Town,Sichuan Province,China [J].Engineering Geology,2014,180:55-67.
[7] 胡桂胜,陈宁生,游勇,等.“7·10”连山大桥泥石流运动特征与沟道堵溃分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):641-648.
[8] 游勇,陈兴长,柳金峰.汶川地震后四川安县甘沟堵溃泥石流及其对策[J].山地学报,2011,29(3):320-327.
[9] 陈宁生,崔鹏,高延超,等.黏土颗粒含量对泥石流启动的影响作用分析[C]//第二十五届全国土工测试学术研讨会论文集,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2008:216-221.
[10] Takahashi T.Estimation of potential debris flows and their hazardous zones:soft counter measures for a disaster [J].Natural Disaster Science,1981,3(1):57-59.
[11] 陈光曦,王继康,王林海.泥石流防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983:151-162.
[12] 余斌,杨永红,苏永超,等.甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.
[13] 游勇,柳金峰,陈兴长.“5.12”汶川地震后北川苏保河流域泥石流危害及特征[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):358-366.
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