柴油的烤燃燃爆性能实验
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摘要
为研究3种柴油燃料装入76L标准小型货车油箱在明火烤燃下的燃爆特性,利用摄像机、高速照相机、红外热成像仪、热电偶以及电子秤分别记录并测量了油箱的烤燃过程及其产生的喷射火焰表面最高温度、火焰尺寸、油箱内外部温度变化、油料蒸发速率等参数。结果表明:相同烤燃条件下,-10#柴油油箱发生剧烈燃烧和爆炸,防火柴油与阻燃抑爆柴油油箱出现了喷射火焰。防火柴油油箱喷射火焰最高温度、火焰高度、内部蒸气温度和油液温度平均升温速率比-10#柴油分别降低31.39%、75.34%、39.05%和57.32%;阻燃抑爆柴油油箱喷射火焰最高温度、火焰高度、油料质量蒸发速率、内部蒸气温度和油液温度平均升温速率比防火柴油分别降低24.67%、61.11%、14.29%、7.54%和7.54%;阻燃抑爆柴油在抑制火焰温度上升、火球尺寸增长以及降低质量蒸发速率上效果更明显。
In the present work we investigated the cook-off and combustion explosion properties of76 Lfuel tanks with-10#diesel,fire-resistant diesel(FRD),fire-resistant-explosion-suppression diesel(FED)by performing experiments on the surface temperatures of the fire,the sizes of the jet fire,the internal temperatures of fuel tanks and the evaporation rate of the diesel using a video-camera,a high-speed camera,an infrared thermal imager,a thermocouples and an electronic balance.The results show that explosion might occur when the fuel tanks were filled with-10#diesel and a jet fire would occur when the fuel tanks were filled with FRD or FED in the same cook-off conditions.The highest surface temperatures,the height of the jet fire,the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FRD were reduced by 31.39%,75.34%,39.05%and 57.32%respectively as compared with-10#diesel.The highest surface temperatures,the height of the jetfire,the evaporation rate of the diesel,the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FED were reduced by 24.67%,61.11%,14.29%,7.54% and 7.54%respectively as compared with FRD,indicating that FED was more effective than the other diesel in preventing temperature increase of the jet fire,size growth of the fireball and reducinge the diesel's evaporation rate.
In the present work we investigated the cook-off and combustion explosion properties of76 Lfuel tanks with-10#diesel,fire-resistant diesel(FRD),fire-resistant-explosion-suppression diesel(FED)by performing experiments on the surface temperatures of the fire,the sizes of the jet fire,the internal temperatures of fuel tanks and the evaporation rate of the diesel using a video-camera,a high-speed camera,an infrared thermal imager,a thermocouples and an electronic balance.The results show that explosion might occur when the fuel tanks were filled with-10#diesel and a jet fire would occur when the fuel tanks were filled with FRD or FED in the same cook-off conditions.The highest surface temperatures,the height of the jet fire,the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FRD were reduced by 31.39%,75.34%,39.05%and 57.32%respectively as compared with-10#diesel.The highest surface temperatures,the height of the jetfire,the evaporation rate of the diesel,the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FED were reduced by 24.67%,61.11%,14.29%,7.54% and 7.54%respectively as compared with FRD,indicating that FED was more effective than the other diesel in preventing temperature increase of the jet fire,size growth of the fireball and reducinge the diesel's evaporation rate.
引文
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[2]鲁长波,安高军,王浩喆,等.储存过程中阻隔防爆材料对油品性能影响研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(10):124-130.LU Changbo,AN Gaojun,WANG Haozhe,et al.Study on influence of separate and explosion-proof material on properties of oil in storage process[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(10):124-130.
[3]黄勇,鲁长波,安高军,等.充填抑爆材料油箱的烤燃性能[J].含能材料,2015,23(5):490-495.HUANG Yong,LU Changbo,AN Gaojun,et al.Fast cook-off performance of fuel tanks with explosion suppression infill[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2015,23(5):490-495.
[4]鲁长波,朱祥东,王浩喆,等.非金属阻隔防爆材料防爆性能综合评价研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(12):125-130.LU Changbo,ZHU Xiangdong,WANG Haozhe,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on explosion proof performance of non-metallic barrier and explosion proof material[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(12):125-130.
[5]高建村,庞磊,孟倩倩.HAN阻隔防爆技术研究进展[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(8):43-47.GAO Jiancun,PANG Lei,MENG Qianqian.Progress in study on HAN separate and explosion proof technology[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(8):43-47.
[6]薄雪峰,鲁长波,杨真理,等.碳纤维含量对球形非金属阻隔防爆材料防爆性能的影响[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(7):37-41.BO Xuefeng,LU Changbo,YANG Zhenli,et al.Effect of carbon fiber content on explosion-proof performance of spherical non-metallic separation explosion-proof material[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(7):37-41.
[7]罗琳,解立峰,韩志伟,等.柴油的抛撒成雾及燃爆特性研究[J].高压物理学报,2015,29(3):213-218.LUO Lin,XIE Lifeng,HAN Zhiwei,et al.Cloud character in explosion dipersion and combustion feature of diesel[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2015,29(3):213-218.
[8]GUPTA M,PASI A,RAY A,et al.An experimental study of the effects of water mist characteristics on pool fire suppression[J].Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2013,44(1):768-778.
[9]FAHD M E A,YANG W,LEE P S,et al.Experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine by water emulsion diesel under varying engine load condition[J].Applied Energy,2013,102(2):1042-1049.
[10]OCHOTERENA R,LIF A,NYDN M,et al.Optical studies of spray development and combustion of water-indiesel emulsion and microemulsion fuels[J].Fuel,2010,89(1):122-132.
[11]APPARAO A,RAO C R,TEWARI S P.Studies on formation of unconfined detonable vapor cloud usingexplosive means[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254/255:214-220.
[12]Marty S D,Schmitigal J.Fire resistant fuel[R].Southwest Research Inst San Antonio Tx Tardec Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility,2009.
[13]陈中元,鲁长波,谷晓昱.醇对柴油微乳液组成及热力学参数的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2011,27(3):424-428.CHEN Zhongyuan,LU Changbo,GU Xiaoyu.Effects of alcohol on the composition and thermodynamic properties of diesel oil microemulsion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2011,27(3):424-428.
[14]黄勇,解立峰,鲁长波,等.安全柴油燃爆性能的静爆试验研究[J].爆破器材,2015(6):20-24.HUANG Yong,XIE Lifeng,LU Changbo,et al.Static experiment for combustion and explosion performances of safety diesel fuel[J].Explosive Materials,2015(6):20-24.
[15]魏成龙.阻燃防爆柴油性能评定研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.
[16]SALMEIA K A,FAGE J,LIANG S,et al.An overview of mode of action and analytical methods for evaluation of gas phase activities of flame retardants[J].Polymers,2015,7(3):504-526.