人工干预对黄河源区沙化草地土壤微生物群落的影响
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摘要
土壤微生物作为生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落变化可以反映土壤变化并有效指示退化土地的恢复成效。本研究以黄河源区沙化草地为对象,应用Illumina MiSeq测序技术对无任何人工干预措施的对照样地(CK)、播草种样地(P_1)、4年砾石方格沙障+播草种样地(P_2)和12年砾石方格沙障+播草种样地(P3)的土壤细菌和真菌群落进行了高通量测序,分析了不同干预措施(沙障+播草种/播草种)和干预时间(4年/12年)对沙化草地土壤细菌和真菌群落组成的影响。结果发现:1)细菌群落在CK和P_1样地聚为一组,P2和P3样地聚为另一组,真菌群落在CK、P_1和P_2样地聚为一组,P_3单独为一组;2)表层土壤有机碳和硝态氮含量在P_3样地中显著高于CK和P_2样地(P <0.05),而土壤铵态氮在各样地间无显著差异(P> 0.05);3)植被盖度在P3样地中显著高于CK和P_2样地(P <0.05),杂类草地上生物量在P_3样地中显著高于CK样地(P <0.05)。研究认为,砾石方格沙障+播草种的干预措施促进了黄河源区沙化草地表层养分的积累,改变了土壤微生物群落结构,有利于植被的定殖和生长,且随措施实施年限的延长,改善成效愈加明显,是高寒地区严重沙化土地治理的一种有效措施。
Soil microorganisms are an important part of grassland ecosystems. The soil microbial community structure is an effective indicator for reflecting the changes in soil quality. The desertified grassland of the Yellow River source region was the focus of this study, for which Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the effects of different human intervention measures [unmanaged plots(CK), planting plots of 4 years(P_1), rocky checkerboard sand barriers and planting plots of 4 years(P_2), and rocky checkerboard sand barriers and planting plots of 12 years(P_3)] on the bacterial and fungal community structures. Our results showed that: 1) for bacteria, the CK and P_1 groups were placed into one group, with P_2 and P_3 in another; for fungi, CK and P_1 were grouped first, then clustered with P_2, whilst P_3 was significantly different from the other three samples; 2) the content of the soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK and P_2(P < 0.05), whereas the content of the total soil ammonium nitrogen showed no significant differences in any of the plots(P > 0.05); 3) the plant coverage in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK and P_2(P < 0.05), whilst the aboveground biomass of forbs in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK(P < 0.05). Our research suggests that the rocky checkerboard sand barriers and growing plants are effective measurements for combating desertification in alpine-cold areas.Additionally, the mixed human intervention measure is conducive to the change of the soil microbial community structure,accumulation of soil organic matter, and growth of grass seedlings in the early period of restoration of desertified grassland.
Soil microorganisms are an important part of grassland ecosystems. The soil microbial community structure is an effective indicator for reflecting the changes in soil quality. The desertified grassland of the Yellow River source region was the focus of this study, for which Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the effects of different human intervention measures [unmanaged plots(CK), planting plots of 4 years(P_1), rocky checkerboard sand barriers and planting plots of 4 years(P_2), and rocky checkerboard sand barriers and planting plots of 12 years(P_3)] on the bacterial and fungal community structures. Our results showed that: 1) for bacteria, the CK and P_1 groups were placed into one group, with P_2 and P_3 in another; for fungi, CK and P_1 were grouped first, then clustered with P_2, whilst P_3 was significantly different from the other three samples; 2) the content of the soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK and P_2(P < 0.05), whereas the content of the total soil ammonium nitrogen showed no significant differences in any of the plots(P > 0.05); 3) the plant coverage in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK and P_2(P < 0.05), whilst the aboveground biomass of forbs in P_3 was significantly higher than that in CK(P < 0.05). Our research suggests that the rocky checkerboard sand barriers and growing plants are effective measurements for combating desertification in alpine-cold areas.Additionally, the mixed human intervention measure is conducive to the change of the soil microbial community structure,accumulation of soil organic matter, and growth of grass seedlings in the early period of restoration of desertified grassland.
引文
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[10]XUE X,GUO J,HAN B S,SUN Q W,LIU L C.The effect of climate warming and permafrost thaw on desertification in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Geomorphology,2009,108(3):182-190.
[11]FENG J,WANG T,XIE C.Eco-environmental degradation in the source region of the Yellow River,northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2006,122(1/3):125-143.
[12]刘姝颖,李宁,陆小辉.草方格在防风固沙工程中的应用.辽宁林业科技,2014(3):67-68.LIU S Y,LI N,LU X H.The application of straw checkerboard barrier on wind-breaking and sand-fixing project.Journal of Liaoning Forestry Science&Technology,2014(3):67-68.
[13]陈祝春,李定淑.草方格沙障腐蚀过程中土壤微生物的作用.中国沙漠,1987,7(4):42-45.CHEN Z C,LI D S.The influence of soil microbial on checkerboards corrosion.Journal of Desert Research,1987,7(4):42-45.
[14]周娜,张春来,田金鹭,亢力强.半隐蔽式草方格沙障凹曲面形成的流场解析及沉积表征.地理研究,2014,33(11):2145-2156.ZHOU N,ZHANG C L,TIAN J L,KANG L Q.Flow field controlling the concave surface of the semi-buried checkerboards and its characterization by grain sizes of sediments.Geographical Research,2014,33(11):2145-2156.
[15]李生宇,雷加强.草方格沙障的生态恢复作用:以古尔班通古特沙漠油田公路扰动带为例.干旱区研究,2003,20(1):7-10.LI S Y,LEI J Q.The ecological restoration functions of the straw-checker sand-barriers:A case study along the desert highways in the Gurbantonggut desert.Arid Zone Research,2003,20(1):7-10.
[16]陈英义,李道亮.北方农牧交错带沙尘源植被恢复潜力评价模型研究.农业工程学报,2008,24(3):130-134.CHEN Y Y,LI D L.Evaluation model for revegetation potentiality of sand dust sources in farming-pastoral ecotone in Northern China.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(3):130-134.
[17]王一博.江河源区冷生土壤环境对高寒生态系统变化的响应与环境效应研究.兰州:兰州大学博士论文,2007.WANG Y B.The research on the intercorrelation of the high-cold ecological system and uncultivated cold soil environmental response in the headwaters of the Yangtz and Yellow River.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2007.
[18]GRIFFITHS B S,HALLETT P D,KUAN H L,GREGORY A S,WATTS C W,WHITMORE A P.Functional resilience of soil microbial communities depends on both soil structure and microbial community composition.Biology&Fertility of Soils,2008,44(5):745-754.
[19]ALLISON S D,WALLENSTEIN M D,BRADFORD M A.Soil-carbon response to warming dependent on microbial physiology.Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):336-340.
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