青少年游泳核心稳定性训练模式的探索与实证研究
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摘要
研究基于实验室平衡能力测试和25 m短池条件下游泳专项能力部分评价指标,以14名青少年游泳运动员为测试对象,进行为期8周的干预训练,探讨水陆核心稳定性训练模式在青少年游泳训练中的应用。研究结果表明:实验组与对照组前后测试结果除COP(压力中心)轨迹曲线长度无显著性差异外(P=0.277),其他指标均有显著性差异(P<0.05);平板支撑、瑞士球、平衡球-皮条拉力等不稳定训练手段的使用,对陆上体能训练的单一、重复、枯燥等特点有积极改善作用,更能有效激发运动员陆上体能训练热情和强化水中技术动作的衔接。保持训练手段的不稳定性和加强小肌肉群的灵活与相互协同,合理安排陆上核心稳定性训练与水上技术训练的比例与适时转化,对青少年游泳运动员成绩提高有积极作用。
Combined with the test of balance ability evaluation and swimming special indices,14 juvenile swimmers were selected as subjects taking 8 weeks core stability training in this study. The aim of the study is to verify the effectiveness of core stability training model in juvenile; 14 subjects were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, the basic test was taken before the implementation of the training plan, at the end of the plan, corresponding test was taken again, in order to evaluate the results of the training plan.The results show that test data of the experimental group of static balance ability: one foot and closed eyes, feet and eyes closed on the X axis(front and rear), Y axis(left and right) direction speed and moving distance were significant difference before and after the test, the test results of P<0.05, except COP(center of pressure) curve length, P=0.277.The use of tablet support, Swiss ball, ball-pimp pull instability training means, has a positive effect on improving the land rehabilitation of single, repetitive and boring etc,can effectively stimulate the athletes' physical training enthusiasm and strengthen the cohesion action in water. Maintaining the instability of training means and strengthening the flexibility and coordination of small muscle groups, rationally arranging the proportion and timely transformation of core stability training and water technology training on land, will play a positive role in improving the performance of young swimmers.
Combined with the test of balance ability evaluation and swimming special indices,14 juvenile swimmers were selected as subjects taking 8 weeks core stability training in this study. The aim of the study is to verify the effectiveness of core stability training model in juvenile; 14 subjects were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, the basic test was taken before the implementation of the training plan, at the end of the plan, corresponding test was taken again, in order to evaluate the results of the training plan.The results show that test data of the experimental group of static balance ability: one foot and closed eyes, feet and eyes closed on the X axis(front and rear), Y axis(left and right) direction speed and moving distance were significant difference before and after the test, the test results of P<0.05, except COP(center of pressure) curve length, P=0.277.The use of tablet support, Swiss ball, ball-pimp pull instability training means, has a positive effect on improving the land rehabilitation of single, repetitive and boring etc,can effectively stimulate the athletes' physical training enthusiasm and strengthen the cohesion action in water. Maintaining the instability of training means and strengthening the flexibility and coordination of small muscle groups, rationally arranging the proportion and timely transformation of core stability training and water technology training on land, will play a positive role in improving the performance of young swimmers.
引文
[1] 李春雷.中国国家羽毛球队备战2012伦敦奥运会体能训练设计与实施[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(5):86-88.
[2] 周亢亢,黄竹杭,孔令辉,等.中国女子乒乓球队备战第52届世界乒乓球锦标赛身体功能训练实践特点探析[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):62-68.
[3] 潘迎旭.中国国家男排队员的功能训练实践解析[J].首都体育学院学报,2014,26(1):65-68.
[4] NARDONE A,SCHIEPPATI M. Postural adjustments associated with voluntary contraction of leg muscles in standing man[J]. Exp Brain Res,1988,69(3):469-80.
[5] SHETH P,YU B,LASKOWSKI E,etal. Ankle disk training influences reaction times of selected muscles in a simulated ankle sprain[J].Am J Sports Med,1997,25(4):538-543.
[6] WESTER J, JESPERSEN S, NIELSON K, et al. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective random study[J]. Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1996, 23(5): 332-336.
[7] 李瑞杰,温宇红,张梦雪,等.青少年男性蝶泳运动员水陆核心稳定力量训练的模式探索与实证研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2016,42(4):70-75.
[8] 王丹,纪逊.对游泳运动员陆上核心力量训练的探讨[J].游泳,2010,32(6):51-52.
[9] 陈建新,陆青.对游泳运动员采用传统腰腹力量训练与核心力量训练效果的比较分析[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版) ,2011,10(5):57-59.
[10] 李炜,刘冬森,唐一丹,等.我国优秀花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员的静态平衡能力[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2012,31(3):120-121.
[11] 范超群.评价中老年动、静态平衡能力测试方法的比较研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[12] 程燕,许琦.游泳运动训练科学化理论与方法的研究[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006:34-41.
[13] 蒋金日.澳大利亚游泳成功之道[J].游泳信息,2001(2):3-6.
[14] 程燕,张明飞,陈武山,等.近两届全运会游泳比赛男子运动员参赛特征的研究[J].中国体育科技,2015,51(3):75-79.
[15] 张跃,李建设,杨红春,等.孙杨备战伦敦奥运会转身技术改进与优化的生物力学研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):85-90.
[16] PETRONE I A, GUERRINI G. Biomechanical analysis of olympic kayak athletes during indoor padding[M].New York: Springer, 2006.
[17] NIKONOV A. Coaching strategy for 200m racing [C]//IV international congress of coaches on sprint canoeing.2012.
[18] Riewald S A, Rodeo S A. Seience of swimming faster[M]. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2014: 25-27.
[19] CRAIG A B, PENDERGAST. Relationships of stoke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming[J].Medicine & Science in Sports, 1979, 11(3): 278-280.
[20] KESKINEN K L, KESKINEN O P. Performance test for swimmers a new approach utilizing pace-maker lights a pilot study[J].Journal of Applied Science, 1993, 9(3): 245-248.
[21] SHIMOYAMA Y. The relationship between stroke parameters and physiological responses at various swim speeds[J]. Medicine &Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004, 36(5): 355-360.
[22] CRAIG A B, SKEHAN P L, PAWELCZYK J A, et al. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elites swimming competition[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports, 1985, 17(6): 625-634.
[23] CHENGALUR S N,BROWN P L. An analysis of male and female Olympic swimmers in the 200-meter events[J].Canadian Journal of Sports Science, 1992, 17(2): 104-109.
[2] 周亢亢,黄竹杭,孔令辉,等.中国女子乒乓球队备战第52届世界乒乓球锦标赛身体功能训练实践特点探析[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):62-68.
[3] 潘迎旭.中国国家男排队员的功能训练实践解析[J].首都体育学院学报,2014,26(1):65-68.
[4] NARDONE A,SCHIEPPATI M. Postural adjustments associated with voluntary contraction of leg muscles in standing man[J]. Exp Brain Res,1988,69(3):469-80.
[5] SHETH P,YU B,LASKOWSKI E,etal. Ankle disk training influences reaction times of selected muscles in a simulated ankle sprain[J].Am J Sports Med,1997,25(4):538-543.
[6] WESTER J, JESPERSEN S, NIELSON K, et al. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective random study[J]. Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1996, 23(5): 332-336.
[7] 李瑞杰,温宇红,张梦雪,等.青少年男性蝶泳运动员水陆核心稳定力量训练的模式探索与实证研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2016,42(4):70-75.
[8] 王丹,纪逊.对游泳运动员陆上核心力量训练的探讨[J].游泳,2010,32(6):51-52.
[9] 陈建新,陆青.对游泳运动员采用传统腰腹力量训练与核心力量训练效果的比较分析[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版) ,2011,10(5):57-59.
[10] 李炜,刘冬森,唐一丹,等.我国优秀花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员的静态平衡能力[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2012,31(3):120-121.
[11] 范超群.评价中老年动、静态平衡能力测试方法的比较研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[12] 程燕,许琦.游泳运动训练科学化理论与方法的研究[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006:34-41.
[13] 蒋金日.澳大利亚游泳成功之道[J].游泳信息,2001(2):3-6.
[14] 程燕,张明飞,陈武山,等.近两届全运会游泳比赛男子运动员参赛特征的研究[J].中国体育科技,2015,51(3):75-79.
[15] 张跃,李建设,杨红春,等.孙杨备战伦敦奥运会转身技术改进与优化的生物力学研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):85-90.
[16] PETRONE I A, GUERRINI G. Biomechanical analysis of olympic kayak athletes during indoor padding[M].New York: Springer, 2006.
[17] NIKONOV A. Coaching strategy for 200m racing [C]//IV international congress of coaches on sprint canoeing.2012.
[18] Riewald S A, Rodeo S A. Seience of swimming faster[M]. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2014: 25-27.
[19] CRAIG A B, PENDERGAST. Relationships of stoke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming[J].Medicine & Science in Sports, 1979, 11(3): 278-280.
[20] KESKINEN K L, KESKINEN O P. Performance test for swimmers a new approach utilizing pace-maker lights a pilot study[J].Journal of Applied Science, 1993, 9(3): 245-248.
[21] SHIMOYAMA Y. The relationship between stroke parameters and physiological responses at various swim speeds[J]. Medicine &Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004, 36(5): 355-360.
[22] CRAIG A B, SKEHAN P L, PAWELCZYK J A, et al. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elites swimming competition[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports, 1985, 17(6): 625-634.
[23] CHENGALUR S N,BROWN P L. An analysis of male and female Olympic swimmers in the 200-meter events[J].Canadian Journal of Sports Science, 1992, 17(2): 104-109.
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