建设安全可靠、清洁环保型炼化企业
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摘要
针对城镇人口密集区等敏感地区炼油与化工企业搬迁改造的问题,在调研国外炼油与化工行业安全环保管理的先进经验的基础上,定义了安全可靠、清洁环保炼油与化工企业的内涵、指标体系和评估方法,提出构建安全可靠、清洁环保型炼油化工企业是解决问题的根本方法。以此为指导,开展了两家不同规模的炼油与化工企业案例研究,证明了本方法的可行性。建议有关部门强制采用科学方法计算外部安全距离和环境防护距离,并长期遵守,避免形成城围石化的现象;对敏感地区炼油与化工企业是异地搬迁还是按照安全可靠、清洁环保的指标要求就地改造,要通过认真的方案研究后科学决策。
Refining and chemical enterprises in urban areas and other densely-populated areas are facing great pressure of relocation or upgrade in China. To solve this problem, surveys were conducted on the oversea refinery industry to learn from their advanced security management experience. Then, the principles, performance indicators, and evaluation methods for safe, reliable, clean, and environment-friendly refining and chemical enterprises were defined. It is proposed that construction of safe, reliable, clean, and environment-friendly enterprises would be an effective way to settle this problem. Furthermore, two case studies were conducted, and the feasibility of this method was proved. It is suggested that departments concerned should adopt scientific methods to calculate the distance between enterprises and urban areas, and abide by it continually, so as to avoid the phenomenon that petrochemical enterprises were surrounded by urban areas. Moreover, different schemes should be carefully studied and scientifically evaluated before deciding whether the refining and chemical enterprises in densely-populated areas should be relocated or transformed in situ.
Refining and chemical enterprises in urban areas and other densely-populated areas are facing great pressure of relocation or upgrade in China. To solve this problem, surveys were conducted on the oversea refinery industry to learn from their advanced security management experience. Then, the principles, performance indicators, and evaluation methods for safe, reliable, clean, and environment-friendly refining and chemical enterprises were defined. It is proposed that construction of safe, reliable, clean, and environment-friendly enterprises would be an effective way to settle this problem. Furthermore, two case studies were conducted, and the feasibility of this method was proved. It is suggested that departments concerned should adopt scientific methods to calculate the distance between enterprises and urban areas, and abide by it continually, so as to avoid the phenomenon that petrochemical enterprises were surrounded by urban areas. Moreover, different schemes should be carefully studied and scientifically evaluated before deciding whether the refining and chemical enterprises in densely-populated areas should be relocated or transformed in situ.
引文
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[3]姜雪,党文义,万古军.基于复杂工业源强分析模型的城市型炼厂安全防护距离研究[J].安全健康和环境,2017,17(11):14-17.Jiang X,Dang W Y,Wan G J.The safety protection distance analysis of urban refinery based on quantitative risk analysis[J].Safety Health&Environment,2017,17(11):14-17.
[4]马庚宇.基于爆炸危险源的工厂布置安全因素分析[J].炼油技术与工程,2018,48(2):61-64.Ma G Y.Petrochemical plant payout based on explosion hazard source[J].Petroleum Refinery Engineering,2018,48(2):61-64.
[5]王涛.日本东京都市圈的空间结构变动、规划变迁及其启示[J].城市,2013(10):12-16.Wang T.Change and enlightenment on spatial structure and planning for metropolitan area of Tokyo,Japan[J].City,2013(10):12-16.
[6]张树才,姜学艳,李焕.石化企业环保合规性评价方法与应用[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(8):74-76.Zhang S C,Jiang X Y,Li H.Theoretical method and application of environmental compliance evaluation for petroleum chemical enterprises[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(8):74-76.
[7]张晓华,贺伟.国内外石油公司HSE绩效指标及安全绩效比对[J].安全健康和环境,2012,12(2):9-12.Zhang X H,He W.Contrast of HSE performance indicators and safety performance between domestic and international petroleum companies[J].Safety Health&Environment,2012,12(2):9-12.