海洋桥梁波流力作用与基础冲刷问题及对策研究
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摘要
随着海洋桥梁不断向深海延伸,桥梁基础波流力作用与基础冲刷问题已成为威胁桥梁安全的主要因素。为了确保海洋桥梁设计的合理性以及建设运营的安全性,本文系统地梳理了海洋桥梁在波流力作用与基础冲刷方面所面临的主要问题,进而有针对性地提出了海洋桥梁需要在高精度预测方法、环境预报和预警系统、环境多因素耦合作用、冲刷数值模拟技术、波浪力计算方法等方向发展。研究表明,波流力作用与基础冲刷研究是海洋桥梁安全的重要保障,研究从宏观管理、行业应用、学术技术三个层面对当前问题提出了对策。
With marine bridges extending to the deep sea, wave current force action and scouring on bridge foundations have become the main factors threatening bridge safety. To ensure the design rationality as well as construction and operation safety of bridges, this paper sorts out the major problems faced by marine bridges in terms of wave force action and foundation scour, and proposes that marine bridges should be developed in high-precision prediction method, environmental prediction and pre-warning systems, research on multi-factor coupling effect of environment, scour numerical simulation technology, and wave current force calculation method.Furthermore, countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of macroscopic management, industrial application, and academic technology.
With marine bridges extending to the deep sea, wave current force action and scouring on bridge foundations have become the main factors threatening bridge safety. To ensure the design rationality as well as construction and operation safety of bridges, this paper sorts out the major problems faced by marine bridges in terms of wave force action and foundation scour, and proposes that marine bridges should be developed in high-precision prediction method, environmental prediction and pre-warning systems, research on multi-factor coupling effect of environment, scour numerical simulation technology, and wave current force calculation method.Furthermore, countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of macroscopic management, industrial application, and academic technology.
引文
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[2]吴启和,牛照,田唯,等.港珠澳大桥埋置承台与桩波流作用动力响应分析与试验研究[J].中外公路,2014,34(1):121-124.Wu Q H,Niu Z,Tian W,et al.Dynamic response analysis and experimental study on the wave flow effect between the embedded pile caps and the pile on HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge[J].Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2014,34(1):121-124.
[3]房忱,李永乐,秦顺全,等.中、美、英规范关于跨海桥梁桩基波浪力的对比[J].桥梁建设,2016,46(6):94-99.Fang C,Li Y L,Qin S Q,et al.Comparison of wave forces of pile foundations for sea-crossing bridges provided in Chinese,American and British codes[J].Bridge Construction,2016,46(6):94-99.
[4]Liu S,Li Y,Li G.Wave current forces on the pile group of base foundation for the East Sea Bridge,China[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(Ser.B.),2007,19(6):661-670.
[5]周卫滨,徐祖恩,于雪晖.乐清湾大桥桥梁基础波浪力计算研究[J].公路交通技术,2015,17(4):80-86.Zhou W B,Xu Z E,Yu X H.Research on calculation of wave forces of Yueqing Bay Bridge foundation[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2015,17(4):80-86.
[6]中交第一航务工程勘探设计院有限公司.JTS 145-2015港口与航道水文规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2015.CCCC First Harbor Consultants Co.,Ltd.JTS 145-2015 code of hydrology for harbour and waterway[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2015.
[7]Ti Z L,Zhang M J,Wu L H,et al.Estimation of the significant wave height in the nearshore using prediction equations based on the response surface method[J].Ocean Engineering,2018,153(1):143-153.
[8]Padgett J,DesRoches R,Nielson B,et al.Bridge damage and repair costs from Hurricane Katrina[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2008,13(1):6-14.
[9]Zhu J,Zhang W.Numerical simulation of wind and wave fields for coastal slender bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2016,22(3):4-10.
[10]Azadbakht M,Yim S C.Simulation and estimation of tsunami loads on bridge superstructures[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2014,141(2):3-8.
[11]Xiong W,Cai C S,Kong X.Instrumentation design for bridge scour monitoring using fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Applied Optics,2012,51(5):547-557.