密云水库上游河流水质空间异质性及其成因分析
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摘要
于2018年非汛期(4—5月)和汛期(8—9月)在潮白河上游流域布设28个监测断面,监测了11项水质指标并进行统计分析,同时,结合GIS空间分析功能来分析水质时空变化特征及其成因.结果显示:从时间上来看,密云水库上游水质表现为汛期差于非汛期,非汛期主要污染物为TP,其均值(0.29 mg·L~(-1))超过了Ⅲ类水质标准且变异系数较高(0.89),存在显著的空间差异,受点源、沿河岸农业面源和第一产业活动的影响较大;汛期主要污染物为TN,其均值(5.98 mg·L~(-1))超出了Ⅴ类水质标准但变异系数不高(0.55),有机物和泥沙的变异系数相比非汛期都有所增加,说明汛期呈现更加显著的变异性,受流域面源、第一产业和生活污染的影响较重;从空间上来看,潮河水质差于白河,潮河主要污染物是TN和TP,主要受农业面源和第一产业活动的影响,白河主要污染物为TP和有机物,主要受第三产业和第一产业的影响,受农业面源污染的影响相对较低.
In non-flood(April to May) and flood period(August to September) of 2018, 28 monitoring sections in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir were mounted and 11 water quality indicators were recorded for each section. Water quality analysis was conducted using GIS spatial analysis functions to map water quality variations in this area over the two periods. The analysis results show that water quality over the flood period in upper reaches of the Miyun Reservoir is worse than that of the non-flood period. The main pollutant in non-flood period is TP. The average value of TP(0.29 mg·L~(-1)) exceeds the Class III water quality standard, and the variation coefficient is 0.89. The main causes are point sources, agricultural sources along upstream rivers and primary industry activities. The main pollutant in flood season is TN(5.98 mg·L~(-1)) which exceeds Class V water quality standard. The variation coefficient is not high(0.55), but increases for organic matter and sediment, indicating that the change in flood season is more prominent, mainly due to non-point source pollution. The primary industry and living pollution are more serious. Water quality of the Chaohe River is worse than that of the Baihe River. TN and TP are mainly affected by agricultural non-point sources and primary industry activities. The main pollutants of Baihe River are TP and organic matter, which are mainly affected by service sectors in industry and agriculture. Agricultural non-point source pollution is relatively low.
In non-flood(April to May) and flood period(August to September) of 2018, 28 monitoring sections in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir were mounted and 11 water quality indicators were recorded for each section. Water quality analysis was conducted using GIS spatial analysis functions to map water quality variations in this area over the two periods. The analysis results show that water quality over the flood period in upper reaches of the Miyun Reservoir is worse than that of the non-flood period. The main pollutant in non-flood period is TP. The average value of TP(0.29 mg·L~(-1)) exceeds the Class III water quality standard, and the variation coefficient is 0.89. The main causes are point sources, agricultural sources along upstream rivers and primary industry activities. The main pollutant in flood season is TN(5.98 mg·L~(-1)) which exceeds Class V water quality standard. The variation coefficient is not high(0.55), but increases for organic matter and sediment, indicating that the change in flood season is more prominent, mainly due to non-point source pollution. The primary industry and living pollution are more serious. Water quality of the Chaohe River is worse than that of the Baihe River. TN and TP are mainly affected by agricultural non-point sources and primary industry activities. The main pollutants of Baihe River are TP and organic matter, which are mainly affected by service sectors in industry and agriculture. Agricultural non-point source pollution is relatively low.
引文
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钟莉,曾平,焦剑,等.2017.密云水库水源地保护区水体叶绿素a含量与营养物质浓度关系[J].环境工程,35(5):131-135
曾庆慧,秦丽欢,程鹏,等.2016.1990年以来北京密云水库主要水环境因子时空分布特征[J].湖泊科学,28(6):1204-1216
周营,张游.2018.博罗县土地利用结构与产业结构耦合协调关系[J].资源与产业,20(2):59-64
范志平,刘建治,赵悦,等.2018.蒲河水质空间异质性特征及其对流域土地利用方式的响应[J].生态学杂志,37(4):1144-1151
姜琳琳,吴炳方.2013.近30年来密云水库上游水土流失动态监测[J].测绘与空间地理信息,36(10):140-145
李琳琳,张依章,唐常源,等.2017.基于偏最小二乘模型的河流水质对土地利用的响应[J].环境科学,38(4):1376-1383
李石华,周峻松,王金亮.2017.1974—2014年抚仙湖流域土地利用/覆盖时空变化与驱动力分析[J].国土资源遥感,29(4):132-139
李文赞,李叙勇,王晓学,等.2013.20年来密云水库主要入库河流总氮变化趋势和影响因素[J].环境科学学报,33(11):3047-3052
连慧姝,刘宏斌,李旭东,等.2017.太湖蠡河小流域水质的空间变化特征及污染物源解析[J].环境科学,38(9):3657-3665
Lin Y,Han P,Huang Y,et al.2017.Source identification of potentially hazardous elements and their relationships with soil properties in agricultural soil of the Pinggu district of Beijing,China:Multivariate statistical analysis and redundancy analysis[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,173:110-118
Seto K C,Fragkias M.2005.Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urban land-use change in four cities of China with time series landscape metrics[J].Landscape Ecology,20(7):871-888
Vogt E,Braban C F,Dragosits U,et al.2015.Catchment land use effects on fluxes and concentrations of organic and inorganic nitrogen in streams[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,199:320-332
王娇,马克明,张育新,等.2012.土地利用类型及其社会经济特征对河流水质的影响[J].环境科学学报,32(1):57-65
王丽娟,杨扬,郑娟娟,等.2017.施肥对北京山区农田地表氮磷流失的影响—以密云水库流域为例[J].中国水土保持科学,15(1):97-104
王鹏,齐述华,陈波.2015.赣江流域土地利用方式对河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,35(13):4326-4337
王琼,王善祥,范志平,等.2018.土地利用方式和社会经济对大伙房水库上游河流水质空间异质性的影响[J].生态科学,37(2):153-161
项颂,庞燕,窦嘉顺,等.2018.不同时空尺度下土地利用对洱海入湖河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,38(3):876-885
Xia J,Wang L F,Yu J J,et al.2018.Impact of environmental factors on water quality at multiple spatial scales and its spatial variation in Huai River Basin,China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),61(1):82-92
阳文锐.2015.北京城市景观格局时空变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,35(13):4357-4366
杨桂山.2004.土地利用/覆被变化与区域经济发展—长江三角洲近50年耕地数量变化研究的启示[J].地理学报 (S1):41-46
杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼.2015.中国环渤海地区人口-土地-产业非农化转型协同演化特征[J].地理研究,34(3):475-486
于松延,徐宗学,武玮,等.2014.北洛河流域水质空间异质性及其对土地利用结构的响应[J].环境科学学报,34(5):1309-1315
章燕喃.2014.密云水库流域近三十年径流变化及归因分析[D].北京:清华大学
赵美风,刘盛和,戚伟.2018.社区尺度下流动人口聚居区空间识别与尺度效应—以北京市为例[J].地理研究,37(6):1208-1222
赵微,林健,王树芳,等.2013.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,34(4):1277-1283
钟莉,曾平,焦剑,等.2017.密云水库水源地保护区水体叶绿素a含量与营养物质浓度关系[J].环境工程,35(5):131-135
曾庆慧,秦丽欢,程鹏,等.2016.1990年以来北京密云水库主要水环境因子时空分布特征[J].湖泊科学,28(6):1204-1216
周营,张游.2018.博罗县土地利用结构与产业结构耦合协调关系[J].资源与产业,20(2):59-64