烟火药原材料混合物爆炸事故原因探究（英文）
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摘要
利用几种危险性评价方法,研究烟火药剂原材料混合物引发爆炸事故的原因。爆炸事故发生于烟花制造过程中,通过采集、分析爆炸现场炸坑的土壤,发现爆炸物质由高氯酸钾(KClO_4)、铝(Al)粉及硫化锑(Sb_2S_3)组成。尽管DSC、TG-DTA数据表明该混合物热稳定性好,分解温度高达500℃,但是,其摩擦感度及撞击感度却很高。间隙试验(殉爆试验)显示该混合物容易发生殉爆。因此,在制造、处理以及使用这些物质时必须格外谨慎。
In order to conduct the cause investigation of an explosive incident by raw pyrotechnics mixtures,various hazard evaluation tests were performed. Explosions occurred during manufacturing fire-works,which consisted of potassium perchlorate( KCl O4),aluminum( Al) powder and antimony trisulfide( Sb2 S3). Identification of the explosive materials was conducted by sampling of soil at the explosion places including craters and analyzing them. Though we found it was very stable thermally,at least up to 500 ℃ based on the results of DSC and TG-DTA,it appeared high sensibility in friction and falling impacts. By the gap test( sympathetic detonation test),we found it was easy to develop sympathetic detonation. Therefore,more careful treatment is needed when we manufacture,treat or consume these materials.
In order to conduct the cause investigation of an explosive incident by raw pyrotechnics mixtures,various hazard evaluation tests were performed. Explosions occurred during manufacturing fire-works,which consisted of potassium perchlorate( KCl O4),aluminum( Al) powder and antimony trisulfide( Sb2 S3). Identification of the explosive materials was conducted by sampling of soil at the explosion places including craters and analyzing them. Though we found it was very stable thermally,at least up to 500 ℃ based on the results of DSC and TG-DTA,it appeared high sensibility in friction and falling impacts. By the gap test( sympathetic detonation test),we found it was easy to develop sympathetic detonation. Therefore,more careful treatment is needed when we manufacture,treat or consume these materials.
引文
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[2] Kagoshima City Fire Department. Summary of explosive fire at a factory of fire-works[R]. 2003.
[3] OGAWA T.Recent accidents of energetic materials[C]//Proceedings of 3rd NRIFD Symposium. Mitaka Tokyo, Japan, 2004:97-103.
[4] KOSEKI H, SUZUKI Y. Evaluation test results of raw pyrotechnics mixtures[C]//8th International Symposium on Fire Works. 2004:192-202.
[5] National Astronomical Observatory. Rika Nenpyo (Chro-nological Scientific Tables) 2002[Z]. Maruzen Co., 2001.
[6] NIIS. Report of hydroxylamine accident at Nishin Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd: A-2000-1[R]. 2001.
[7] KERSTEN R, MAK W. Explosion hazards of ammonium nitrate: How to assess the risks[C]//Proceedings of 3rd NRIFD Symposium. Mitaka,Tokyo, Japan, 2004:113-125.
[8] KITAGAWA T.Chemical safety engineering[M].Tokyo:Nikkan Kogyou Shinbun Co., Ltd., 1974.
[9] TAMURA M, ARAI M, AKUTSU Y. Energetic materials and safety[M].Tokyo: Asakura Syoten, 1999.
[10] Japanese Society of Industrial Explosive. Industrious explosives[M]. 1989.