转耐盐碱基因棉花生长发育及其对生物多样性的影响
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摘要
为明确新型转基因棉花的生长发育、产量性状、生理生化指标及其对棉田生物多样性的影响,于2014—2015年对新型转耐盐碱基因棉花(13018)在施药和不施药条件下与其亲本对照中9807的生长发育及棉田生物多样性进行了系统调查和分析。结果表明,在棉花生长的关键时期苗期、蕾期和花铃期,无论施药与否,转耐盐碱基因棉花与亲本对照棉花间的单株叶面积、叶片干重、株高、主茎叶片数、主要生理生化物质含量均无显著差异,2种棉田中节肢动物个体总数、群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性也均无显著差异。与亲本对照相比,在施药和不施药条件下,转耐盐碱基因棉花的单株大铃数在2014年分别增加了4.47%和12.65%,在2015年分别显著增加了59.51%和81.94%,表明转耐盐碱基因棉花较非转基因亲本棉花有较高的产量潜力。由此可见,新型转耐盐碱基因棉花在生长发育方面没有竞争优势,对棉田生物多样性无明显影响,产量构成性状在部分时期增强,具有较好的发展潜力。
To clarify the effect of novel exogenous gene on the cotton growth and development, yield traits, physiological and biochemical indexes and biological diversity, a systematic investigation and analysis were conducted between the transgenic cotton harboring the salt-tolerant gene and its parental cotton under the conditions with or without pesticide spraying in 2014—2015. The results showed that,in the critical period of cotton seedling, budding and boll stages, compared with non-transgenic cotton,the salt-tolerant gene group had no significant differences in leaf area, dry weight, plant height, leaf number, the main content of biochemical substances, the number of individual, community diversity index, evenness index and dominance between pesticide spraying or no pesticide treatment. In 2014, the number of big bolls of novel transgenic cotton increased by 4.47% and 12.65% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the negative control, respectively, but there were no significant differences between them. In 2015, the novel transgenic cotton significantly increased the number of big bolls by59.51% and 81.94% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the control, respectively. It indicated that the novel transgenic cotton had higher yield potential than its parental cotton. The study suggested that the salt-tolerant cotton variety did not have a competitive advantage in cotton growth and development and biological diversity, but have a good potential for future development.
To clarify the effect of novel exogenous gene on the cotton growth and development, yield traits, physiological and biochemical indexes and biological diversity, a systematic investigation and analysis were conducted between the transgenic cotton harboring the salt-tolerant gene and its parental cotton under the conditions with or without pesticide spraying in 2014—2015. The results showed that,in the critical period of cotton seedling, budding and boll stages, compared with non-transgenic cotton,the salt-tolerant gene group had no significant differences in leaf area, dry weight, plant height, leaf number, the main content of biochemical substances, the number of individual, community diversity index, evenness index and dominance between pesticide spraying or no pesticide treatment. In 2014, the number of big bolls of novel transgenic cotton increased by 4.47% and 12.65% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the negative control, respectively, but there were no significant differences between them. In 2015, the novel transgenic cotton significantly increased the number of big bolls by59.51% and 81.94% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the control, respectively. It indicated that the novel transgenic cotton had higher yield potential than its parental cotton. The study suggested that the salt-tolerant cotton variety did not have a competitive advantage in cotton growth and development and biological diversity, but have a good potential for future development.
引文
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Feng ZL,Li ZF,Shi YQ,Zhao LH,Zhu HQ.2015.Effects of the PCDtransgenic cotton on cotton main diseases,pests and natural enemies of insects.Journal of Plant Protection,42(4):671-672(in Chinese)[冯自力,李志芳,师勇强,赵丽红,朱荷琴.2015.转PCD基因棉花对棉田主要病害、虫害及天敌的影响.植物保护学报,42(4):671-672]
Fitt GP,Mares CL,Llewellyn DJ.1994.Field evaluation and potential ecological impact of transgenic cottons(Gossypium hirsutum)in Australia.Biocontrol Science and Technology,4(4):535-548
Folin O,Denis W.1915.A colorimetric method for the determination of phenols(and phenol derivatives)in urine.Journal of Biological Chemistry,22(2):305-308
Guo SD,Wang Y,Sun GQ,Jin SQ,Zhou T,Meng ZG,Zhang R.2015.Twenty years of research and application of transgenic cotton in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,48(17):3372-3387(in Chinese)[郭三堆,王远,孙国清,金石桥,周焘,孟志刚,张锐.2015.中国转基因棉花研发应用二十年.中国农业科学,48(17):3372-3387]
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Jiang WL,Ma XY,Ren XL,Peng J,Ma YJ,Ma Y.2016.Effects of glufosinate on the growth and development of transgenic glufosinateresistant cotton.Journal of Biosafety,25(4):286-290(in Chinese)[姜伟丽,马小艳,任相亮,彭军,马亚杰,马艳.2016.除草剂草铵膦对转基因抗草铵膦棉花生长发育的影响.生物安全学报,25(4):286-290]
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Liu HY,Wang HH,Cui CH,Wang M,Guo JJ,Wen ZP,Li AQ.2013.Experiment improvement of the soluble sugar content determination by enthrone colorimetric method.Laboratory Science,16(2):19-20(in Chinese)[刘海英,王华华,崔长海,王曼,郭净净,文昭普,李安琪.2013.可溶性糖含量测定(蒽酮法)实验的改进.实验室科学,16(2):19-20]
Liu WX,Wan FH,Guo JY.2002.Structure and seasonal dynamics of arthropods in transgenic Bt cotton field.Acta Ecologica Sinica,22(5):729-735(in Chinese)[刘万学,万方浩,郭建英.2002.转Bt基因棉田节肢动物群落营养层及优势功能团的组成与变化.生态学报,22(5):729-735]
Lu YH,Qiu F,Feng HQ,Li HB,Yang ZC,Wyckhuys KAG,Wu KM.2008.Species composition and seasonal abundance of pestiferous plant bugs(Hemiptera:Miridae)on Bt cotton in China.Crop Protection,27(3/4/5):465-472
Lu YH,Wu KM.2011.Mirid bugs in China:pest status and management strategies.Outlooks on Pest Management,22(6):248-252
Lu YH,Wu KM,Jiang YY,Guo YY,Desneux N.2012.Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services.Nature,487(7407):362-365
Lu YH,Wu KM,Jiang YY,Xia B,Li P,Feng HQ,Wyckhuys KAG,Guo YY.2010.Mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops correlated with wide-scale adoption of Bt cotton in China.Science,328(5982):1151-1154
LüWX,Ge Y,Wu JZ,Chang G.2004.Study on the method for the determination of nitric nitrogen,ammoniacal nitrogen and total nitrogen in plant.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,24(2):204-206(in Chinese)[吕伟仙,葛滢,吴建之,常杰.2004.植物中硝态氮、氨态氮、总氮测定方法的比较研究.光谱学与光谱分析,24(2):204-206]
Luo JY,Cui JJ,Zhang S,Lu XJ.2011.Effects of transgenic cotton with cry1Ac plus cry2Ab on arthropod communities.Plant Protection,37(6):90-92,111(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,崔金杰,张帅,陆雪君.2011.转cry1Ac+cry2Ab基因棉对棉田节肢动物群落的影响.植物保护,37(6):90-92,111]
Luo JY,Liu CL,Zhang S,Wang CY,LüLM,Li CH,Li FG,Cui JJ.2014b.Growth vigour and yield of transgenic RRM2(RNA recognition motif 2)cotton and their effects on arthropod community in cotton field.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,38(7):785-794(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,刘传亮,张帅,王春义,吕丽敏,李春花,李付广,崔金杰.2014b.转RRM2基因棉生长势和产量及对棉田节肢动物群落的影响.植物生态学报,38(7):785-794]
Luo JY,Zhang S,LüLM,Wang CY,Zhu XZ,Li CH,Cui JJ.2014a.Effects of transgenic Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab on the cotton growth potential and arthropod species richness in cotton fields.Journal of Biosafety,23(4):256-264(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,张帅,吕丽敏,王春义,朱香镇,李春花,崔金杰.2014a.转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab棉花生长势及其对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度的影响.生物安全学报,23(4):256-264]
Luo JY,Zhang S,LüLM,Wang CY,Zhu XZ,Li CH,Cui JJ.2016a.Effects of transgenic ACO2 cotton on growth characteristics and insect community.Acta Ecologica Sinica,36(19):6113-6121(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,张帅,吕丽敏,王春义,朱香镇,李春花,崔金杰.2016a.转ACO2基因优质棉生长特性及其对田间昆虫群落的影响.生态学报,36(19):6113-6121]
Luo JY,Zhang S,Zhu XZ,LüLM,Wang CY,Cui JJ.2017.Effects of transgenic Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab cotton on biochemical substances and insects.Journal of Biosafety,26(2):144-151(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,张帅,朱香镇,吕丽敏,王春义,崔金杰.2017.转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花主要生化物质含量变化及其对棉田昆虫的影响.生物安全学报,26(2):144-151]
Luo JY,Zhang S,Zhu XZ,LüLM,Wang CY,Li CH,Zhang LJ,Wang L,Cui JJ.2016b.Ecological fitness and effects of transgenic GAFP cotton on the growth of cotton and the field insect community.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(11):3675-3681(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,张帅,朱香镇,吕丽敏,王春义,李春花,张利娟,王丽,崔金杰.2016b.转GAFP基因棉花生态适合度及其对棉田昆虫群落的影响.应用生态学报,27(11):3675-3681]
Luo JY,Zhang S,Zhu XZ,Wang CY,LüLM,Li CH,Cui JJ.2016c.Insect community diversity in transgenic Bt cotton in saline and dry soils.Biodiversity Science,24(3):332-340(in Chinese)[雒珺瑜,张帅,朱香镇,王春义,吕丽敏,李春花,崔金杰.2016c.盐碱旱地转基因抗虫棉田昆虫群落多样性.生物多样性,24(3):332-340]
Munns R,Tester M.2008.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance.Annual Review of Plant Biology,59:651-681
Pons WA,Pittman RA,Hoffpauir CL.1958.3-amino-1-propanol as a complexing agent in the determination of total gossypol.Journal of the American Oil Chemists.Society,35(2):93-97
Ren YF,Wang T,Peng YF,Xia B,Qu LJ.2009.Distinguishing transgenic from non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants by1H NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting.Journal of Genetics and Genomics,36(10):621-628
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