克氏针茅草原植物群落特征及稳定性对不同放牧方式的响应——以中蒙边境两个苏木为例
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摘要
采用了野外采样和数据分析相结合的方法,从定性和定量两个角度探讨了不同放牧方式对克氏针茅草原植物群落特征及稳定性的影响。得出结论如下:中蒙样带内两苏木牧户草场样地群落内植物总种数几乎相同,但群落内植物组成结构已出现显著差异,主要表现在植物科属和优势种群的差异上;那仁苏木牧户草场样地群落内,多年生植物比重降低,植物的一年生化现象比纳兰苏木更为严重;那仁苏木牧户草场样地植物群落的稳定性低于纳兰苏木,牧户草场可能出现点、面状退化现象;放牧方式会对草场植物群落特征及稳定性产生重要影响,不当的放牧方式可能引起草场生态系统失衡。
A combination of field sampling and data analysis was used to investigate the effects of different grazing methods on plant community characteristics and stability of Stipa krylovii steppe from qualitative and quantitative perspectives in this paper. The conclusions are as follows: The total number of plants in the grassland plant community of the herdsmen in the study area is almost the same,but the plant composition structure in the community has been significantly different. Mainly manifested in the differences between plant families and dominant populations; Within the plant community of Naren Sumu Herder's grassland,the proportion of perennial plants is reduced,and the one year biochemical phenomenon of plants is more serious than Nalan Sumu; The stability of the plant community in the grassland plot of the Renbao Lager Sumu herdsman is lower than that of the Nalan Sumu,and the pastures may have point and surface degradation; Grazing patterns have an important impact on the characteristics and stability of pasture plant communities. Improper grazing methods may cause grassland ecosystem imbalance.
A combination of field sampling and data analysis was used to investigate the effects of different grazing methods on plant community characteristics and stability of Stipa krylovii steppe from qualitative and quantitative perspectives in this paper. The conclusions are as follows: The total number of plants in the grassland plant community of the herdsmen in the study area is almost the same,but the plant composition structure in the community has been significantly different. Mainly manifested in the differences between plant families and dominant populations; Within the plant community of Naren Sumu Herder's grassland,the proportion of perennial plants is reduced,and the one year biochemical phenomenon of plants is more serious than Nalan Sumu; The stability of the plant community in the grassland plot of the Renbao Lager Sumu herdsman is lower than that of the Nalan Sumu,and the pastures may have point and surface degradation; Grazing patterns have an important impact on the characteristics and stability of pasture plant communities. Improper grazing methods may cause grassland ecosystem imbalance.
引文
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[3]海山.内蒙古牧区人地关系演变和调控问题研究[D].广州:中山大学,2008.
[4]温都日娜,包玉海,银山,王永芳.2000~2014年蒙古高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其对地表水热因子的响应[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(06):1345-1356.
[5]张韵婕,桂朝,刘庆生,刘高焕.基于遥感和气象数据的蒙古高原1982~2013年植被动态变化分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(05):1022-1030.
[6]江沙沙,孙宗玖,杨静,董乙强.封育年限对伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地群落种间关系及稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(03):68-75.
[7]王合云.不同放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落及土壤的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[8]李文,曹文侠,徐长林,李小龙,刘皓栋,冯今,师尚礼.不同休牧模式对东祁连山高寒草甸草原植被特征变化的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(11):2339-2345.
[9]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法---Iα多样性测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[10]Schluter D.A variance test for detecting species associations with some example applications[J].Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1005.
[11]任继周.关于提高草原畜牧业生产能力的几点认识[J].新疆农业科技,1974,(01):24-30.
[12]萨茹拉,赛西雅拉图,春风,张卫青.典型草原定居放牧草场群落特征与土壤有机质含量关系分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(09):145-149.
[13]刘珏宏,高慧,张丽红,陈丽萍,赵念席,高玉葆.内蒙古锡林郭勒草原大针茅-克氏针茅群落的种间关联特征分析[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(09):1016-1024.
[14]漫静,邓波,张佳良,李佳欢,李东琴,刘静.覆盖枯草对内蒙古典型草原植被特征和土壤特性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(02):59-64.
[15]王仲男.羊草枯落物对草食家畜放牧与生境的响应机制[D].长春:东北师范大学,2018.