晋西黄土区陡坡植被自然恢复评价
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摘要
为了解黄土沟壑区35°以上陡坡植被的恢复状况,本文结合遥感和GIS技术,采用野外调查方法,于2016年6—8月,选取山西吉县蔡家川流域35°以上的阴坡、半阴坡、阳坡、半阳坡等无人为干扰的100个陡坡样地进行植被群落调查,在划分立地类型的基础上,以空间代替时间的方法分析陡坡各立地的植被覆盖度、群落恢复度(RD)和恢复速度的变化。结果表明:陡坡立地共分为3个立地类型组,分别为Ⅰ组(35°~45°)、Ⅱ组(45°~55°)和Ⅲ组(>55°);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组植被覆盖度和生物量与Ⅲ组差异均显著(P<0.05);陡坡植被恢复在早期阶段(RD为0.1~0.3)群落恢复度较低但恢复速度快;在中期阶段(RD为0.3~0.7),恢复度、恢复速度中等;在后期阶段(RD>0.7),恢复度较高,恢复速度慢;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组植物群落自然恢复的策略不同,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组植被在恢复前期恢复速度最快,Ⅲ组植被在后期恢复速度较快;Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组中已存在恢复度达到0.8以上的群落,植被自然恢复的效果良好,而Ⅲ组群落最大恢复度仅达到0.5,植被自然恢复的效果并不明显。
To understand the restoration status of vegetation on steep slopes above 35°,with the application of RS and GIS tools,100 plots with different aspects on steep slopes of Caijiachuan watershed in Jixian County of Shanxi Province were selected. On the basis of division of site types,vegetation coverage,community restoration degree( RD) and restoration speed( RS) in different habitats of steep slope were analyzed by using the method of spatial sequence instead of time succession. The results showed that steep slopes could be divided into 3 groups of site types according to different slopes,i. e. group Ⅰ( 35°-45°),group Ⅱ( 45°-55°) and group Ⅲ( >55°). Coverage and biomass of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were obviously different from group Ⅲ( P<0.05). According to community RD and vegetation succession,recovery process was divided into early,middle and late stages. There were highest RS but lowest RD in the early stage; the moderate RD and RS in the middle stage; the slowest RS and the highest RD in the late stage.The natural restoration strategy was different for the three site types,and the RD was the highest in the early stage for both groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,while the RD was the highest in late stage for groupⅢ. The RD reached up to 0.8 for both groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ; for group Ⅲ,the maximum RD was only 0.5,and the effect of natural vegetation restoration was not obvious.
To understand the restoration status of vegetation on steep slopes above 35°,with the application of RS and GIS tools,100 plots with different aspects on steep slopes of Caijiachuan watershed in Jixian County of Shanxi Province were selected. On the basis of division of site types,vegetation coverage,community restoration degree( RD) and restoration speed( RS) in different habitats of steep slope were analyzed by using the method of spatial sequence instead of time succession. The results showed that steep slopes could be divided into 3 groups of site types according to different slopes,i. e. group Ⅰ( 35°-45°),group Ⅱ( 45°-55°) and group Ⅲ( >55°). Coverage and biomass of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were obviously different from group Ⅲ( P<0.05). According to community RD and vegetation succession,recovery process was divided into early,middle and late stages. There were highest RS but lowest RD in the early stage; the moderate RD and RS in the middle stage; the slowest RS and the highest RD in the late stage.The natural restoration strategy was different for the three site types,and the RD was the highest in the early stage for both groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,while the RD was the highest in late stage for groupⅢ. The RD reached up to 0.8 for both groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ; for group Ⅲ,the maximum RD was only 0.5,and the effect of natural vegetation restoration was not obvious.
引文
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马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.2012.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化.地理科学,32(2):251-256.
孟令彬,包维楷,张咏梅,等.2006.辽东栎萌生个体的地上生物量及其构件分配与生长参数的关系.山地学报,24(2):202-208.
史敏华.2002.石灰岩山地水土保持林的树种选择.防护林科技,(1):8-11.
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王宁,王百田,王瑞君,等.2013.晋西山杨和油松生物量分配格局及异速生长模型研究.水土保持通报,33(2):151-155.
魏天兴.2002.黄土区小流域侵蚀泥沙来源与植被防止侵蚀作用研究.北京林业大学学报,24(6):19-24.
姚晨,黄微,李先华.2009.地形复杂区域的典型植被指数评估.遥感技术与应用,24(4):496-501.
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朱金兆.1985.晋西黄土残塬沟壑区立地条件类型划分的研究.北京林学院学报,(4):25-37.
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Durn Zuazo VH,Rodríguez PCR.2008.Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers:A review.Agronomy for Sustainable Development,28:65-86.
Gruchy M,Matthes U,Gerrath J,et al.2001.Natural recovery and restoration potential of severely disturbed talus vegetation at Niagara falls:Assessment using a reference system.Restoration Ecology,9:311-325.
Korb J,Springer J,Powers S,et al.2005.Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona:Clues to site history and restoration potential.Applied Vegetation Science,8:103-112.
Lindenmayer DB,Fischer J,Cunningham RB.2005.Native vegetation cover thresholds associated with species responses.Biological Conservation,124:311-316.
Martin LM,Moloney KA,Wilsey BJ.2005.An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components.Journal of Applied Ecology,42:327-336.
Pennock DJ,Corre MD.2001.Development and application of landform segmentation procedures.Soil and Tillage Research,58:151-162.
Puigdefbregas J,Sole A,Gutierrez L,et al.1999.Scales and processes of water and sediment redistribution in drylands:Results from the Rambla Honda field site in Southeast Spain.Earth-Science Review,48:39-70.
Puigdefbregas J.2005.The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands.Earth Surface Processes Landforms,30:133-147.
Zhao W,Fu B,Qiu Y.2013.An upscaling method for cover management factor and its application in the loess Plateau of China.International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,10:4752-4766.
Zheng FL.2006.Effect of vegetation changes on soil erosion on the loess plateau.Pedosphere,16:420-427.
陈英义,李道亮.2008.北方农牧交错带沙尘源植被恢复潜力评价模型研究.农业工程学报,24(3):130-134.
胡宝清,金妹兰,曹少英,等.2004.基于GIS技术的广西喀斯特生态环境脆弱性综合评价分析.水土保持学报,18(1):103-107.
刘京涛,温远光,周峰.2009.桂西南退化喀斯特植被自然恢复研究.水土保持研究,16(3):65-69.
马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.2012.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化.地理科学,32(2):251-256.
孟令彬,包维楷,张咏梅,等.2006.辽东栎萌生个体的地上生物量及其构件分配与生长参数的关系.山地学报,24(2):202-208.
史敏华.2002.石灰岩山地水土保持林的树种选择.防护林科技,(1):8-11.
唐樱殷,谢永贵,余刚国,等.2012.黔西北喀斯特退化植被恢复潜力评价.山地学报,30(5):528-534.
王宁,王百田,王瑞君,等.2013.晋西山杨和油松生物量分配格局及异速生长模型研究.水土保持通报,33(2):151-155.
魏天兴.2002.黄土区小流域侵蚀泥沙来源与植被防止侵蚀作用研究.北京林业大学学报,24(6):19-24.
姚晨,黄微,李先华.2009.地形复杂区域的典型植被指数评估.遥感技术与应用,24(4):496-501.
喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.2000.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复评价研究.林业科学,36(6):12-19.
郑江坤,魏天兴,郑路坤,等.2009.坡面尺度上地貌对α生物多样性的影响.生态环境学报,18(6):2254-2259.
朱金兆.1985.晋西黄土残塬沟壑区立地条件类型划分的研究.北京林学院学报,(4):25-37.
Bowles M,Jones M,Mc Bride J,et al.2002.Structural composition and species richness indices for upland forests of the Chicago Region.Erigenia,18:30-57.
De Keyser ES,Kirby DR,Ell MJ.2003.An index of plant community integrity:Development of the methodology for assessing prairie wetland plant communities.Ecological Indicators,3:119-133.
Durn Zuazo VH,Rodríguez PCR.2008.Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers:A review.Agronomy for Sustainable Development,28:65-86.
Gruchy M,Matthes U,Gerrath J,et al.2001.Natural recovery and restoration potential of severely disturbed talus vegetation at Niagara falls:Assessment using a reference system.Restoration Ecology,9:311-325.
Korb J,Springer J,Powers S,et al.2005.Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona:Clues to site history and restoration potential.Applied Vegetation Science,8:103-112.
Lindenmayer DB,Fischer J,Cunningham RB.2005.Native vegetation cover thresholds associated with species responses.Biological Conservation,124:311-316.
Martin LM,Moloney KA,Wilsey BJ.2005.An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components.Journal of Applied Ecology,42:327-336.
Pennock DJ,Corre MD.2001.Development and application of landform segmentation procedures.Soil and Tillage Research,58:151-162.
Puigdefbregas J,Sole A,Gutierrez L,et al.1999.Scales and processes of water and sediment redistribution in drylands:Results from the Rambla Honda field site in Southeast Spain.Earth-Science Review,48:39-70.
Puigdefbregas J.2005.The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands.Earth Surface Processes Landforms,30:133-147.
Zhao W,Fu B,Qiu Y.2013.An upscaling method for cover management factor and its application in the loess Plateau of China.International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,10:4752-4766.
Zheng FL.2006.Effect of vegetation changes on soil erosion on the loess plateau.Pedosphere,16:420-427.