桑椹瘿蚊生物学特性及其化学防控
|
摘要
为探索桑椹瘿蚊Cotarina sp.生物学特性,并进行有效地化学防控,通过调查桑椹瘿蚊的发生期,观察并记录其各部分形态特征,同时统计了乐果对桑椹瘿蚊的防治效果,并采用高效气相层析法测定了成熟桑椹中乐果的残留量。结果表明:桑椹瘿蚊为完全变态昆虫,经历卵、幼虫(休眠体)、蛹、成虫4个阶段,每年3月开始羽化为成虫,成虫不取食桑椹,可存活2~4 d,雌雄成虫傍晚交配,产卵于桑椹小果中,卵经6~7 d孵化为幼虫,幼虫从果柄中心取食桑椹,导致桑果局部畸形(干瘪)、早熟;幼虫经历3个龄期,老熟幼虫弹跳入土,形成休眠体进行越夏越冬,翌年2月化蛹。喷洒乐果乳剂1 000倍稀释液后,桑椹虫害率由83.3%降低到15.0%,被害桑椹虫口密度下降了89.3%;经高效气相色谱法分析,乐果残留量仅为0.75 mg/kg,低于国际标准,表明乐果对桑椹瘿蚊的防治效果较好。
In order to explore the biological characteristics and provide an effective method for chemical control of the mulberry fruit gall midge Cotarina sp., the occurrence period and morphological characteristics were investigated,and the effect of chemical prevention and control with 1 000-fold dilution of 40% dimethoate pesticide was statistically evaluated,and the residual quantity of dimethoate in the treated mature mulberry fruits were conducted by high performance gas chromatography( HPGC).The results showed that Cotarina sp. is an insect with complete metamorphosis from egg,larva( hypopus midge),pupa to adult. The adults of Cotarina sp. were characterized by eating no mulberry collective fruits and able to survive for two to four days. Adults firstly occurred in March,and then females mated with males and laid eggs in young mulberry fruits. Six to seven days after oviposition,eggs hatched into larvae,and the latter developed and fed on mulberry fruits starting from the carpopodium-center,which resulted in the deformation and early-maturation of the attacked fruits. These larvae became fully mature after three instars,and then jumped into the soil surface and became resting bodies for passing through the summer and winter. The resting bodies of larvae pupated on February in the next year. The treatment of mulberry fruits infested by Cotarina sp. using 1 000-fold dilution of 40% dimethoate pesticide decreased the rate of infestation from 83. 3% to 15. 0%. In addition,the density of Cotarina sp. in the attacked fruits decreased by 89. 29%. The results of HPGC analysis showed that the residual quantity ofdimethoate in the treated mature mulberry fruits was only 0. 75 mg / kg,less than the international standard,which suggested that it is feasible to prevent and control Cotarina sp. using the above treatment.
In order to explore the biological characteristics and provide an effective method for chemical control of the mulberry fruit gall midge Cotarina sp., the occurrence period and morphological characteristics were investigated,and the effect of chemical prevention and control with 1 000-fold dilution of 40% dimethoate pesticide was statistically evaluated,and the residual quantity of dimethoate in the treated mature mulberry fruits were conducted by high performance gas chromatography( HPGC).The results showed that Cotarina sp. is an insect with complete metamorphosis from egg,larva( hypopus midge),pupa to adult. The adults of Cotarina sp. were characterized by eating no mulberry collective fruits and able to survive for two to four days. Adults firstly occurred in March,and then females mated with males and laid eggs in young mulberry fruits. Six to seven days after oviposition,eggs hatched into larvae,and the latter developed and fed on mulberry fruits starting from the carpopodium-center,which resulted in the deformation and early-maturation of the attacked fruits. These larvae became fully mature after three instars,and then jumped into the soil surface and became resting bodies for passing through the summer and winter. The resting bodies of larvae pupated on February in the next year. The treatment of mulberry fruits infested by Cotarina sp. using 1 000-fold dilution of 40% dimethoate pesticide decreased the rate of infestation from 83. 3% to 15. 0%. In addition,the density of Cotarina sp. in the attacked fruits decreased by 89. 29%. The results of HPGC analysis showed that the residual quantity ofdimethoate in the treated mature mulberry fruits was only 0. 75 mg / kg,less than the international standard,which suggested that it is feasible to prevent and control Cotarina sp. using the above treatment.
引文
Dong CG.1983.A new mulberry variety—“Qingyeshufan”.ForeignAgriculture—Sericulture,(1):40-41(in Chinese)[东城功.1983.桑树新品种———青叶鼠返.国外农学—蚕业,(1):40-41]
Guo YR.2006.Plant protection handbook(4th edition).Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,pp.260(in Chinese)[郭玉人.2006.植保员手册(第4版).上海:上海科学技术出版社,pp.260]
Han MZ,Jiao F,Wang SX,Han QM,Zhu GY,Su C.1994.Apreliminary report on the study of morphological characters andlife habit in mulberry sorosis gall-midge.Shaanxi Sericulture,(2):12-13(in Chinese)[韩明斋,焦峰,王淑侠,韩青梅,朱广义,苏超.1994.椹瘿蚊的形态特征及生活习性研究初报.陕西蚕业,(2):12-13]
Jiang XP.1994.Record of important economic gall-midge inSichuan Province.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,31(4):245-247(in Chinese)[江兴培.1994.四川重要经济瘿蚊名录.昆虫知识,31(4):245-247][5]Jiao F,Han MZ,Wang SX,Su LH,Zhu GY,Li G.1997.Study onthe biological characters and control technology of Contariniamorulae Jiang nomen nodum(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae).Scienceof Sericulture,23(2):73-76(in Chinese)[焦峰,韩明斋,王淑侠,苏利红,朱广义,李刚.1997.桑椹浆瘿蚊的生物学特性及防治技术研究.蚕业科学,23(2):73-76]
Jiao KL,Bu WJ.2013.New records of Rhizomyia Kieffer(Diptera,Cecidomyiidae)in China with description of two new species.Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,38(2):356-362
Kong JM,Chia LS,Goh NK,Chia TF,Brouillard R.2003.Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins.Phytochemistry,64(5):923-933
Kuai YZ.Wu FA.2012.A review on pathogens of mulberry fruitsclerotiniosis and its control technology.Science of Sericulture,38(6):1099-1104(in Chinese)[蒯元璋,吴福安.2012.桑椹菌核病病原及病害防治技术综述.蚕业科学,38(6):1099-1104]
Li YP,Sun LJ,Liu YJ,Hu Y,Wu JX.2009.Effects of eight insecticides on Scatopse sp.and their residue analysis in ediblefungi.Journal of Plant Protection,36(3):261-267(in Chinese)[李怡萍,孙丽娟,刘亚娟,胡煜,仵均祥.2009.八种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊的防治效果及残留分析.植物保护学报,36(3):261-267]
]Ma KS,Liu YF,Wu JX.2013.Impact of temperature humidity andhandling time on failing out of mature wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana larvae from glumes.Journal of Plant Protection,40(1):1-4(in Chinese)[马康生,刘彦飞,仵均祥.2013.温、湿度及处理时间对麦红吸浆虫老熟幼虫脱穗的影响.植物保护学报,40(1):1-4]
Mazza G,Kay CD,Cottrell T,Holub BJ.2002.Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,50(26):7731-7737
Miu PC.1990.A preliminary study of mulberry varieties againstmulberry gall midge.Science of Sericulture,16(2):107-108(in Chinese)[缪盘春.1990.桑树抗桑瘿蚊品种的初探.蚕业科学,16(2):107-108]
Shi DL,Ji TC.2012.Situation and strategies of mulberry fruit industry in Jialing District.Sichuan Sericulture,(3):48-49(in Chinese)[时东莲,姬田成.2012.嘉陵区果桑产业现状及对策思考.四川蚕业,(3):48-49]
Tong DX,Zhao SY,Li SY,Dong H.2011.Testing the effect of“Miecanying”on silkworm bots disease by using different ways.China Sericulture,(3):21-23(in Chinese)[仝德侠,赵淑英,李仕亚,董辉.2011.“灭蚕蝇”不同用法对家蚕蝇蛆病防治效果试验.中国蚕业,(3):21-23]
Wang JX.Shentu GR,Song GH.1987.The applying test of quinalphos to soil on the control of Diplosis sp.Science of Sericulture,13(2):65-70(in Chinese)[王建新,申屠广仁,宋高海.1987.土壤施用喹硫磷防治桑瘿蚊实验.蚕业科学,13(2):65-70]
Xia ZS.2005.The species and damage situation of mulberry gallmidge.China Sericulture,26(3):71-72(in Chinese)[夏志松.2005.桑瘿蚊的种类及为害概况.中国蚕业,26(3):71-72]
Zeng XL,Zhang HM.2011.Study on the high quality and yield cultivation techniques of mulberry.Newsletter of Sericulture,31(2):29-30(in Chinese)[曾秀丽,张海明.2011.果桑优质高产栽培技术.蚕学通讯,31(2):29-30]
Zhao HH,Cheng ZC,Wang FL.2013.The population dynamicsand generation occurring characteristics of tobacco-infecting cystnematode in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,40(6):529-532(in Chinese)[赵洪海,程子超,王凤龙.2013.山东省烟草孢囊线虫的群体动态和世代发生特点.植物保护学报,40(6):529-532]
Zheng ME,Wang YP,Xiao JJ.1994.Testing the effect of 5%isofenphos-methyl for mulberry gall-midge.Science of Sericulture,20(3):192-193(in Chinese)[郑明儿,汪亚平,肖建京.1994.5%甲基异柳磷颗粒剂防治桑瘿蚊试验.蚕业科学,20(3):192-193]
Guo YR.2006.Plant protection handbook(4th edition).Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,pp.260(in Chinese)[郭玉人.2006.植保员手册(第4版).上海:上海科学技术出版社,pp.260]
Han MZ,Jiao F,Wang SX,Han QM,Zhu GY,Su C.1994.Apreliminary report on the study of morphological characters andlife habit in mulberry sorosis gall-midge.Shaanxi Sericulture,(2):12-13(in Chinese)[韩明斋,焦峰,王淑侠,韩青梅,朱广义,苏超.1994.椹瘿蚊的形态特征及生活习性研究初报.陕西蚕业,(2):12-13]
Jiang XP.1994.Record of important economic gall-midge inSichuan Province.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,31(4):245-247(in Chinese)[江兴培.1994.四川重要经济瘿蚊名录.昆虫知识,31(4):245-247][5]Jiao F,Han MZ,Wang SX,Su LH,Zhu GY,Li G.1997.Study onthe biological characters and control technology of Contariniamorulae Jiang nomen nodum(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae).Scienceof Sericulture,23(2):73-76(in Chinese)[焦峰,韩明斋,王淑侠,苏利红,朱广义,李刚.1997.桑椹浆瘿蚊的生物学特性及防治技术研究.蚕业科学,23(2):73-76]
Jiao KL,Bu WJ.2013.New records of Rhizomyia Kieffer(Diptera,Cecidomyiidae)in China with description of two new species.Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,38(2):356-362
Kong JM,Chia LS,Goh NK,Chia TF,Brouillard R.2003.Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins.Phytochemistry,64(5):923-933
Kuai YZ.Wu FA.2012.A review on pathogens of mulberry fruitsclerotiniosis and its control technology.Science of Sericulture,38(6):1099-1104(in Chinese)[蒯元璋,吴福安.2012.桑椹菌核病病原及病害防治技术综述.蚕业科学,38(6):1099-1104]
Li YP,Sun LJ,Liu YJ,Hu Y,Wu JX.2009.Effects of eight insecticides on Scatopse sp.and their residue analysis in ediblefungi.Journal of Plant Protection,36(3):261-267(in Chinese)[李怡萍,孙丽娟,刘亚娟,胡煜,仵均祥.2009.八种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊的防治效果及残留分析.植物保护学报,36(3):261-267]
]Ma KS,Liu YF,Wu JX.2013.Impact of temperature humidity andhandling time on failing out of mature wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana larvae from glumes.Journal of Plant Protection,40(1):1-4(in Chinese)[马康生,刘彦飞,仵均祥.2013.温、湿度及处理时间对麦红吸浆虫老熟幼虫脱穗的影响.植物保护学报,40(1):1-4]
Mazza G,Kay CD,Cottrell T,Holub BJ.2002.Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,50(26):7731-7737
Miu PC.1990.A preliminary study of mulberry varieties againstmulberry gall midge.Science of Sericulture,16(2):107-108(in Chinese)[缪盘春.1990.桑树抗桑瘿蚊品种的初探.蚕业科学,16(2):107-108]
Shi DL,Ji TC.2012.Situation and strategies of mulberry fruit industry in Jialing District.Sichuan Sericulture,(3):48-49(in Chinese)[时东莲,姬田成.2012.嘉陵区果桑产业现状及对策思考.四川蚕业,(3):48-49]
Tong DX,Zhao SY,Li SY,Dong H.2011.Testing the effect of“Miecanying”on silkworm bots disease by using different ways.China Sericulture,(3):21-23(in Chinese)[仝德侠,赵淑英,李仕亚,董辉.2011.“灭蚕蝇”不同用法对家蚕蝇蛆病防治效果试验.中国蚕业,(3):21-23]
Wang JX.Shentu GR,Song GH.1987.The applying test of quinalphos to soil on the control of Diplosis sp.Science of Sericulture,13(2):65-70(in Chinese)[王建新,申屠广仁,宋高海.1987.土壤施用喹硫磷防治桑瘿蚊实验.蚕业科学,13(2):65-70]
Xia ZS.2005.The species and damage situation of mulberry gallmidge.China Sericulture,26(3):71-72(in Chinese)[夏志松.2005.桑瘿蚊的种类及为害概况.中国蚕业,26(3):71-72]
Zeng XL,Zhang HM.2011.Study on the high quality and yield cultivation techniques of mulberry.Newsletter of Sericulture,31(2):29-30(in Chinese)[曾秀丽,张海明.2011.果桑优质高产栽培技术.蚕学通讯,31(2):29-30]
Zhao HH,Cheng ZC,Wang FL.2013.The population dynamicsand generation occurring characteristics of tobacco-infecting cystnematode in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,40(6):529-532(in Chinese)[赵洪海,程子超,王凤龙.2013.山东省烟草孢囊线虫的群体动态和世代发生特点.植物保护学报,40(6):529-532]
Zheng ME,Wang YP,Xiao JJ.1994.Testing the effect of 5%isofenphos-methyl for mulberry gall-midge.Science of Sericulture,20(3):192-193(in Chinese)[郑明儿,汪亚平,肖建京.1994.5%甲基异柳磷颗粒剂防治桑瘿蚊试验.蚕业科学,20(3):192-193]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |