蒸馏水含量对三明治结构硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响
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摘要
采用异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇、发泡剂(水)等原料通过一体发泡成型技术制备出一种新型的三明治泡沫夹心复合材料。利用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等对不同水含量(质量分数分别为0、0.5%和1.0%)的硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔直径、密度、热导率、压缩性能、三点弯曲和热力学性能等做了研究,进而确定提高硬质聚氨酯性能的最佳工艺。结果表明,随着水含量的增加,硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔直径增大,密度变小,热导率降低,保温性能提高,而压缩性能和三点弯曲却呈下降趋势;综合考虑硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔结构和良好的保温隔热及弯曲等力学性能,其最佳含水量为0.5%。
A new type of sandwich foam composite was prepared by an integrated foaming-molding method using isocyanate and polyester polyol as raw materials and distilled water as a foaming agent.The pore diameter,density,thermal conductivity,thermal properties,and compression and three point bending performance were investigated for the rigid polyurethane foam with water contents of 0,0.5 wt % and 1.0 wt % by means of thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy.The optimum parameters were then achieved.The results indicated that the pore diameter and thermal insulation performance of rigid polyurethane foams increased with an increase of water content,but their foam density and thermal conductivity decreased.However,the compression and three-point bending performance of the foams exhibited a decline trend.Therefore,to achieve the reasonable cell structure and good mechanical properties for the foams,the optimum moisture content should be determined as 0.5 wt%.
A new type of sandwich foam composite was prepared by an integrated foaming-molding method using isocyanate and polyester polyol as raw materials and distilled water as a foaming agent.The pore diameter,density,thermal conductivity,thermal properties,and compression and three point bending performance were investigated for the rigid polyurethane foam with water contents of 0,0.5 wt % and 1.0 wt % by means of thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy.The optimum parameters were then achieved.The results indicated that the pore diameter and thermal insulation performance of rigid polyurethane foams increased with an increase of water content,but their foam density and thermal conductivity decreased.However,the compression and three-point bending performance of the foams exhibited a decline trend.Therefore,to achieve the reasonable cell structure and good mechanical properties for the foams,the optimum moisture content should be determined as 0.5 wt%.
引文
[1]彭智,郑震,王新灵.全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备与性能[J].聚氨酯工业,2009,24(1):14-17.PENG Z,ZHENG Z,WANG X L.Preparation and Performance of Full-water Foamed Flame Retardant Polyurethane Rigid Foam Plastics[J].Polyurethane Industry,2009,24(1):14-17.
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[11]梁继才,林琳,李义,等.水加入量对全水聚氨酯泡沫塑料性质的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010,26(6):40-43.LIANG J C,LIN L,LI Y,et al.Effects of Water Addition on the Properties of Whole Water Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2010,26(6):40-43.
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[13]安曼,陈兴刚,侯桂香,等.水对硬质聚氨酯-酰亚胺泡沫泡孔结构与性能的影响[J].材料工程,2013(4):39-44.AN M,CHEN X G,HOU G X,et al.Effects of Water on the Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane-imide Foam Porous Structures[J].Materials Engineering,2013(4):39-44.
[14]田军县.有机保温材料在建筑节能工程中的作用[J].绿色建筑,2011(2):74-77.TIAN J X.The Role of Organic Thermal Insulation Materials in Building Energy Conservation Projects[J].Green Building,2011(2):74-77.
[15]TSIVINTZELIS I,SANXARIDOU G,PAVLIDOU E,et al.Foaming of Polymers with Supercritical Fluids:A Thermodynamic Investigation[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,110:240-250.
[16]何继敏.新型聚合物发泡材料及技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:7-17.
[17]韩海军,丁雪佳,张丽娟,等.水对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响研究[J].工程塑料应用,2011,39(1):18-20.HAN H J,DING X J,ZHANG L J,et al.Effects of Water on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].Engineering Plastics Applications,2011,39(1):18-20.
[18]ALEKSANDER P,JAN P,TOMASZ S.Thermal Diffusivity of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown with Different Hydrocarbons[J].Polymer Testing,2000,19(6):705-712.
[19]THIRUMAL M,KHASTGIR D,SINGHA N.K,et al.Effect of Foam Density on the Properties of Water Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2008,108(3):1 810-1 817.
[20]夏凡,吴晓青.增强聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料压缩性能研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2009(3):53-55.XIA F,WU X Q.The Study on the Compression Properties of Reinforced Polyurethane Rigid Foam Plastics[J].FRP/Composite Materials,2009(3):53-55.
[21]JIAO L,XIAO H,WANG Q,et al.Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rigid Polyurethane Foam and the Volatile Products Analysis with TG-FTIR-MS[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2013,98(12):2 687-2 696.
[22]TIAN H,YAO Y,ZHANG S,et al.Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Resistance of Rigid Polyurethaneimide Foams by Varying Copolymer Composition[J].Polymer Testing,2018(67):68-74.
[2]何金迎.硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的结构、形态与改性研究[D].北京化工大学,2013.
[3]杨春柏.硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料研究进展[J].中国塑料,2009,23(2):12-15.YANG C B.Research Progress of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].China Plastics,2009,23(2):12-15.
[4]李宇宸,罗振扬.聚氨酯硬质泡沫用发泡剂的发展现状与HCFC-141b替代面临的挑战[J].聚氨酯工业,2014,29(5):1-4.LI Y C,LUO Z Y.The Development Status of Foaming A-gent for Polyurethane Foam and the Challenge of Hcfc-141b Substitute[J].Polyurethane industry,2014,29(05):1-4.
[5]马丽红.硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料研究进展[J].石化技术,2016,23(6):24-25.MA L H.Research Progress of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].Petrochemical Technology,2016,23(6):24-25.
[6]FRERICH S C.Biopolymer Foaming with Supercritical CO2-Thermodynamics,Foaming Behaviour and Mechanical Characteristics[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2015(96):349-358.
[7]陈汉全.全水发泡聚氨酯泡沫的制备及纳米改性的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[8]GROLIER J P E,RANDZIO S L.Simple Gases to Replace Non-environmentally Friendly Polymer Foaming Agents.AThermodynamic Investigation[J].The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics,2012,46:42-56.
[9]王燕,朱宇宏,曹丽芬,等.顶空-气相色谱法测定硬质聚氨酯泡沫中氢氟氯烃类发泡剂的残留量[J].理化检验-化学分册,2017,53(1):89-92.WANG Y,ZHU Y H,CAO L F,et al.Determination of Hydrofluorochlorinated Hydrocarbon Foaming Agent in Rigid Polyurethane Foam by Headspace-Gas Chromatography[J].Physicochemical Test-chemical Classification,2017,53(1):89-92.
[10]詹茂盛,许小强,潘玲英.水发泡剂对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构与性能的影响[J].航空材料学报,2010,30(3):55-60.ZHAN M S,XU X Q,PAN L Y.The Influence of Water Foaming Agent on the Structure and Properties of Polyimide Foam[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2010,30(3):55-60.
[11]梁继才,林琳,李义,等.水加入量对全水聚氨酯泡沫塑料性质的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010,26(6):40-43.LIANG J C,LIN L,LI Y,et al.Effects of Water Addition on the Properties of Whole Water Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2010,26(6):40-43.
[12]刘凤娇,丁雪佳,苏昱,等.反应型阻燃剂及全水发泡剂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能的影响研究[J].塑料工业,2013(4):91-95.LIU F J,DING X J,SU Y,et al.Effect of Reactive Flame Retardant and All-water Foaming Agent on the Flame Retardant Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam[J].Plastics Industry,2013(4):91-95.
[13]安曼,陈兴刚,侯桂香,等.水对硬质聚氨酯-酰亚胺泡沫泡孔结构与性能的影响[J].材料工程,2013(4):39-44.AN M,CHEN X G,HOU G X,et al.Effects of Water on the Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane-imide Foam Porous Structures[J].Materials Engineering,2013(4):39-44.
[14]田军县.有机保温材料在建筑节能工程中的作用[J].绿色建筑,2011(2):74-77.TIAN J X.The Role of Organic Thermal Insulation Materials in Building Energy Conservation Projects[J].Green Building,2011(2):74-77.
[15]TSIVINTZELIS I,SANXARIDOU G,PAVLIDOU E,et al.Foaming of Polymers with Supercritical Fluids:A Thermodynamic Investigation[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,110:240-250.
[16]何继敏.新型聚合物发泡材料及技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:7-17.
[17]韩海军,丁雪佳,张丽娟,等.水对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响研究[J].工程塑料应用,2011,39(1):18-20.HAN H J,DING X J,ZHANG L J,et al.Effects of Water on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Plastics[J].Engineering Plastics Applications,2011,39(1):18-20.
[18]ALEKSANDER P,JAN P,TOMASZ S.Thermal Diffusivity of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown with Different Hydrocarbons[J].Polymer Testing,2000,19(6):705-712.
[19]THIRUMAL M,KHASTGIR D,SINGHA N.K,et al.Effect of Foam Density on the Properties of Water Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2008,108(3):1 810-1 817.
[20]夏凡,吴晓青.增强聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料压缩性能研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2009(3):53-55.XIA F,WU X Q.The Study on the Compression Properties of Reinforced Polyurethane Rigid Foam Plastics[J].FRP/Composite Materials,2009(3):53-55.
[21]JIAO L,XIAO H,WANG Q,et al.Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rigid Polyurethane Foam and the Volatile Products Analysis with TG-FTIR-MS[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2013,98(12):2 687-2 696.
[22]TIAN H,YAO Y,ZHANG S,et al.Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Resistance of Rigid Polyurethaneimide Foams by Varying Copolymer Composition[J].Polymer Testing,2018(67):68-74.