3种养殖模式下北极红点鲑肌肉营养成分分析与评价
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摘要
为了评价循环水模式(工厂化)、半流水模式(池塘)和全流水模式(山泉全流水)3种养殖模式下北极红点鲑的肌肉营养成分,对3种养殖模式下2龄北极红点鲑(体质量平均为764.29～831.22 g)肌肉营养成分进行了测定。结果表明:常规营养成分中,全流水模式下北极红点鲑肌肉的水分(74.06%)、灰分(1.34%)和粗蛋白质(21.34%)含量最高;3种养殖模式下北极红点鲑肌肉中均测出18种氨基酸,氨基酸酸总量为54.92%～73.36%,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)依次为半流水模式(81.20%)>循环水模式(80.47%)>全流水模式(80.42%),其中赖氨酸含量均最高,第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;肌肉脂肪酸种类与含量在各模式下有所不同,循环水养殖的脂肪酸种类、饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA总量最高,全流水模式的多不饱和脂肪酸总量最高;肌肉微量元素中,全流水模式下锌元素含量最高(4.21 mg/kg),循环水模式下铁元素含量(6.90 mg/kg)最高。研究表明,无论哪种模式养殖的北极红点鲑均是一种高蛋白质、脂肪酸和矿物元素的鱼类,3种模式下全流水模式的氨基酸总量最高,循环水模式的脂肪酸含量尤其是EPA+DHA含量最高。
The nutritional components were determined in muscle of 2-year-old Arctic char Salvelinus alpines with body weight of 764.29-831.22 g cultured under three different modes including circulating water, semi-pipelined water and running water by biochemical methods in order to explore the nutritional characteristics of Arctic char. The results showed that Arctic char cultured in running water had the maximal moisture(74.06%), crude ash(1.34%) and crude protein(21.34%) in approximate nutritional components. A total of 18 amino acids were detected in the muscles in Arctic char cultured in the three modes, with total amino acid content ranging from 54.92% to 73.36%. The descending order essential amino acid index(EAAI) of muscles was expressed as semi-pipelined water(81.20%), circulating water(80.47%) and running water(80.42%), with the maximal content of Lysine(Lys)and the first limiting amino acid methionine(Met) + cystinol(Cys). There were differences in the types and contents of fatty acids in muscle under each cultural mode, with the maximal types and contents of fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids(ΣMUFA) and EPA+DHA in circulating water the maximal polyunsaturated fatty acids(ΣPUFA) content in running water. The maximal zinc(4.21 mg/kg) content was observed in Arctic char cultured in running water; the maximal iron(6.90 mg/kg) content in circulating water. It was indicated that Arctic char is high valuable fish with high protein, and rich in fatty acids and mineral elements, no matter what modes the fish is cultured in, with the maximal total amino acid content in the Arctic char cultured in running water, and the maximal fatty acid content, especially EPA+DHA, in circulating water.
The nutritional components were determined in muscle of 2-year-old Arctic char Salvelinus alpines with body weight of 764.29-831.22 g cultured under three different modes including circulating water, semi-pipelined water and running water by biochemical methods in order to explore the nutritional characteristics of Arctic char. The results showed that Arctic char cultured in running water had the maximal moisture(74.06%), crude ash(1.34%) and crude protein(21.34%) in approximate nutritional components. A total of 18 amino acids were detected in the muscles in Arctic char cultured in the three modes, with total amino acid content ranging from 54.92% to 73.36%. The descending order essential amino acid index(EAAI) of muscles was expressed as semi-pipelined water(81.20%), circulating water(80.47%) and running water(80.42%), with the maximal content of Lysine(Lys)and the first limiting amino acid methionine(Met) + cystinol(Cys). There were differences in the types and contents of fatty acids in muscle under each cultural mode, with the maximal types and contents of fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids(ΣMUFA) and EPA+DHA in circulating water the maximal polyunsaturated fatty acids(ΣPUFA) content in running water. The maximal zinc(4.21 mg/kg) content was observed in Arctic char cultured in running water; the maximal iron(6.90 mg/kg) content in circulating water. It was indicated that Arctic char is high valuable fish with high protein, and rich in fatty acids and mineral elements, no matter what modes the fish is cultured in, with the maximal total amino acid content in the Arctic char cultured in running water, and the maximal fatty acid content, especially EPA+DHA, in circulating water.
引文
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[19] 王峰,雷霁霖.半滑舌鳎成鱼开放流水与循环水养殖模式下生长及肌肉营养成分差异研究[J].水产学报,2015,29(4):520-527.
[20] 陈炜,曹善茂,肖逸啸,等.浮筏养殖与底栖野生扇贝营养成分的分析与比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):45-51.
[21] 唐茹霞,史策,刘鹰.循环水养殖系统管理运行存在主要问题调查分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2018,38(1):100-106.
[22] 柳阳,李勇,高婷婷.脂肪和蛋白质营养对封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑生长和肌肉品质的效应[J].海洋科学,2013,37(6):47-59.
[2] 尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.豹纹鳃棘鲈肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(6):1168-1172.
[3] 尤宏争,孙志景,钱红,等.布氏鲷肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].经济动物学报,2014,18(3):146-150.
[4] Pellett P L,Yong V R.Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods[M].Tokyo:The United National University,1980:26-29.
[5] 庄平,宋超,章龙珍.舌虾虎鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价[J].水产学报,2010,34(4):559-564.
[6] 颜孙安,林香信,钱爱萍,等.化学分析法的理想参考蛋白模式及其化学生物价研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(23):101-107.
[7] 陈玉珍,唐黎,申晓东,等.白斑狗鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析[J].水产科学,2010,29(10):578-582.
[8] 张超,佟广香,匡友谊,等.哲罗鲑、细鳞鲑及其杂交种肌肉的营养成分分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(2):171-174.
[9] 黄权,姜夙,孟繁伊.养殖花羔红点鲑营养价值分析[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2009,3(30):8-10.
[10] 徐绍刚,杨晓飞,代国庆,等.虹鳟(♀)×溪红点鲑(♂)杂交三倍体F1 及其亲本肌肉营养成分的比较[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(5):247-254.
[11] 樊佳佳,朱冰,白俊杰,等.白金丰产鲫含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(3):347-352.
[12] 邢薇,罗琳.鲑鳟鱼营养价值比较研究[J].中国水产,2015(3):74-77.
[13] 王建新,邴旭文,张成锋,等.梭鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(2):60-66.
[14] 王贵滨,郭宇,高岳,等.3种养殖模式下刺参营养成分和功能成分的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):185-189.
[15] 尹洪滨,孙中武,沈希顺,等.山女鳟肌肉营养组成分析[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(5):577-580.
[16] 尹洪滨,孙中武,孙大江,等.6种养殖鲟鳇鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2004,19(2) :16-20.
[17] 缪凌鸿,刘波,何杰,等.吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(5):635-641.
[18] 吉红,田晶晶.高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFAs)在淡水鱼类中的营养作用研究进展[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1650-1664.
[19] 王峰,雷霁霖.半滑舌鳎成鱼开放流水与循环水养殖模式下生长及肌肉营养成分差异研究[J].水产学报,2015,29(4):520-527.
[20] 陈炜,曹善茂,肖逸啸,等.浮筏养殖与底栖野生扇贝营养成分的分析与比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):45-51.
[21] 唐茹霞,史策,刘鹰.循环水养殖系统管理运行存在主要问题调查分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2018,38(1):100-106.
[22] 柳阳,李勇,高婷婷.脂肪和蛋白质营养对封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑生长和肌肉品质的效应[J].海洋科学,2013,37(6):47-59.