节水盆栽模式下瓜叶菊对不同基质的响应
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摘要
【目的】探讨节水盆栽模式下瓜叶菊对不同基质的适应能力.【方法】以瓜叶菊品种"小丑"为试材,设2种盆栽模式:节水盆栽模式(T),普通盆栽模式(CK)和5种基质:河沙(1)、珍珠岩(2)、蛭石(3)、有机土(4)、有机土∶珍珠岩(5),共组成10处理,研究节水盆栽模式下不同基质对瓜叶菊的生长及生理指标的影响.【结果】从物理性状看,4、5号基质均在栽培基质适宜范围,节水盆栽模式下4号基质失水量最少;各处理种子发芽率差异显著,其中T_1、T_3处理种子发芽率最高(93.33±0.06%);除T_4根冠比外的生长指标均显著高于其他处理;T_4光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度最高,分别为(11.51±0.17)μmol/(m~2·s)、(0.15±0.01) mmol/(m~2·s)、(305.60±1.41)μmol/(m~2·s);其气孔限制值为最低(0.24±0.00) mmol/(m~2·s),瞬时水分利用效率最高(9.52±0.14) mmol/(m~2·s).【结论】T_1、T_3可提高瓜叶菊种子发芽率,可见节水盆栽模式下1、3号基质为种子萌发较为适宜基质;T_4瓜叶菊表现出生长优良、花数多、花期长,高效节水,可见节水盆栽模式下4号基质为瓜叶菊生长较为适宜基质.
【Objective】 To study the adaptability of Pericallis hybrida to different substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.【Method】 The growth and physiological indexes of Pericallis hybrida under water-saving pot cultivation were studied with the cultivar 'Clown' as the tested material with water-saving pot cultivation model(T),ordinary pot cultivation model(CK) and 5 substrates: sand(1),perlite(2),vermiculite(3),organic(4),organic + perlite(5).【Result】 According to the physical properties,treatment 4 and 5 were suitable,and the water loss was the least in treatment 4 under water-saving pot cultivation.The seed germination rate under different treatments was significantly different,the highest germination rate was found in T_1 and T_3(93.33±0.06%).The growth indexes of T_4 were significantly higher than those of other treatments except root-shoot ratio.T_4 performed the highest photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration(11.51±0.17) μmol/(m~2·s),(0.15±0.01)mmol/(m~2·s),(305.60±1.41) μmol/(m~2·s) respectively).When the stomatal limit value was the lowest,(0.24±0.00) mmol/(m~2·s),the instantaneous water use efficiency was the highest(9.52±0.14) mmol/(m~2·s).【Conclusion】 Treatment T_1 and T_3 improved the seed germination of Pericallis hybrida,treatment 1 and 3 were the best substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.T_4 showed good growth,large number of flowers,long flowering period and high efficiency.Treatment 4 was the most suitable substrate under the water-saving pot cultivation model.
【Objective】 To study the adaptability of Pericallis hybrida to different substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.【Method】 The growth and physiological indexes of Pericallis hybrida under water-saving pot cultivation were studied with the cultivar 'Clown' as the tested material with water-saving pot cultivation model(T),ordinary pot cultivation model(CK) and 5 substrates: sand(1),perlite(2),vermiculite(3),organic(4),organic + perlite(5).【Result】 According to the physical properties,treatment 4 and 5 were suitable,and the water loss was the least in treatment 4 under water-saving pot cultivation.The seed germination rate under different treatments was significantly different,the highest germination rate was found in T_1 and T_3(93.33±0.06%).The growth indexes of T_4 were significantly higher than those of other treatments except root-shoot ratio.T_4 performed the highest photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration(11.51±0.17) μmol/(m~2·s),(0.15±0.01)mmol/(m~2·s),(305.60±1.41) μmol/(m~2·s) respectively).When the stomatal limit value was the lowest,(0.24±0.00) mmol/(m~2·s),the instantaneous water use efficiency was the highest(9.52±0.14) mmol/(m~2·s).【Conclusion】 Treatment T_1 and T_3 improved the seed germination of Pericallis hybrida,treatment 1 and 3 were the best substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.T_4 showed good growth,large number of flowers,long flowering period and high efficiency.Treatment 4 was the most suitable substrate under the water-saving pot cultivation model.
引文
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[21] 王建辉.容器栽培根际水气环境调控技术对共瓜生长的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[22] 王春荣,毕君,陈霞,等.不同配方基质对白鹤宇生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(7):77-79.
[23] 韩玉竹,黄建国,靳军英,等.不同土壤对拉巴豆生长及光合特性的影响[J].农机化研究,2012,(10):130-134.
[24] 柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同有机物料对香梨膨果期光合特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1434-1439.
[25] Dring H,Davtyan A.Developmental changes of primary processes of photosynthesis in sun-and shade- adapted berries of two grapevine cultivars[J].Vitis Journal of Grapevine Research,2015,41(2):63-68.
[26] 檀龙颜,成小璐,魏升华.基质、光照和温度对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(7):1-2,7.
[27] 芮蕊,朱玉婷,杨自云,等.不同基质对玛咖种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(1):164-166.
[28] 龚梦璧,韩建秋.不同配比基质物理性状及其对青菜种子萌发特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(16):8860-8862.
[29] 王锦霞,陈雯.复合基质理化特性对瓜叶菊育苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2007(9):132-135.
[30] 王锦霞,陈雯.复合基质瓜叶菊的穴盘幼苗育苗及后期效应的响应[J].安微农业科学,2007,35(19):5746-5747,5759.
[31] 方凌,王朋成,马绍鋆,等.育苗基质不同水分含量与基质物理性状的相关性分析[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(23):46-48.
[32] 刘端,白志强,韩燕梁,等.2种欧李幼苗光合特性及叶绿素含量的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2012(2):115-117.
[33] 谢以萍,杨再强,苏天星,等.不同光质对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(3):53-56.
[34] 徐刚,彭天沁,高文瑞,等.不同基质含水量和钾肥施用量对黄瓜生长和光合作用的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(5):1109-1114.
[35] 李炎林,熊兴耀,于晓英,等.红花继木花叶芽变生物学特性[J].林业科学,2010(8):56-61.
[36] 曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.
[37] 赵财,柴强.不同供水水平下丁香酚和间作蚕豆对小麦光合特性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(4):88-93.
[2] 孙成竹,范瑛,蒋志云.家庭盆栽节水潜力分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(3):298-301.
[3] 郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:212-213.
[4] 马国礼.不同水氮处理对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长生理及养分吸收分配的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.
[5] 周青,王纪忠,康晓鹏,等.水分胁迫对不同基质所育水稻秧苖生长和生理特性的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2006,27(4):70-73.
[6] 胡小京,丁圣果,吴小波,等.干旱胁迫下不同基质对佛甲草生理生化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(34):234-237.
[7] 姚小兰,周琳,冯茂松,等.干旱胁迫对不同基质网袋桢楠幼苗生长及生物量的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(1):81-90.
[8] 尉莉莉,王红利,等.盆栽一串红节水栽培基质研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(12):6161-6163.
[9] 秦俊,胡永红,王丽勉,等.节水型生态建筑立体绿化栽培基质研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):216-220.
[10] 陈同斌,高健,李新波,等.城市污泥堆肥对栽培基质保水能力和有效养分的影响[J].生态学报,2002,22(6)802-807.
[11] 刘晖,徐涛,马力,等.麦糠基质草坪水土保持效果研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(2):133-138.
[12] 余宏辉,蒋卫杰,屈冬玉,等.基质含水率对春茬日光温室韭菜产量及生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):165-168.
[13] 包满珠.花卉学[M].北京中国农业出版社,2003:181-182.
[14] 李亚绒,刘建海.瓜叶菊生态习性及栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2012(15):137-142.
[15] 程洪花.瓜叶菊壮苗培育及盆栽技术[J].北京农业,2011(22):21-22.
[16] 李晓强.有机基质菇渣在现代化大型温室蔬菜无土栽培中的应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[17] 于茜,姜小堂,盛伟,等.保水剂对基质保水性和芹菜幼苗生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):208-210.
[18] 徐国彬,罗卫红,陈发棣,等.一品红叶面积计算的研究[J].农业工程技术(温室园艺),2005(7):26-28.
[19] Wang Z,Chen L,Ai J,et al.Photosynthesis and activity of photosystem II in response to drought stress in amur grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) [J].Photosynthetica,2012,50(2):189-196.
[20] 郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:133-134.
[21] 王建辉.容器栽培根际水气环境调控技术对共瓜生长的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[22] 王春荣,毕君,陈霞,等.不同配方基质对白鹤宇生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(7):77-79.
[23] 韩玉竹,黄建国,靳军英,等.不同土壤对拉巴豆生长及光合特性的影响[J].农机化研究,2012,(10):130-134.
[24] 柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同有机物料对香梨膨果期光合特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1434-1439.
[25] Dring H,Davtyan A.Developmental changes of primary processes of photosynthesis in sun-and shade- adapted berries of two grapevine cultivars[J].Vitis Journal of Grapevine Research,2015,41(2):63-68.
[26] 檀龙颜,成小璐,魏升华.基质、光照和温度对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(7):1-2,7.
[27] 芮蕊,朱玉婷,杨自云,等.不同基质对玛咖种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(1):164-166.
[28] 龚梦璧,韩建秋.不同配比基质物理性状及其对青菜种子萌发特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(16):8860-8862.
[29] 王锦霞,陈雯.复合基质理化特性对瓜叶菊育苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2007(9):132-135.
[30] 王锦霞,陈雯.复合基质瓜叶菊的穴盘幼苗育苗及后期效应的响应[J].安微农业科学,2007,35(19):5746-5747,5759.
[31] 方凌,王朋成,马绍鋆,等.育苗基质不同水分含量与基质物理性状的相关性分析[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(23):46-48.
[32] 刘端,白志强,韩燕梁,等.2种欧李幼苗光合特性及叶绿素含量的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2012(2):115-117.
[33] 谢以萍,杨再强,苏天星,等.不同光质对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(3):53-56.
[34] 徐刚,彭天沁,高文瑞,等.不同基质含水量和钾肥施用量对黄瓜生长和光合作用的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(5):1109-1114.
[35] 李炎林,熊兴耀,于晓英,等.红花继木花叶芽变生物学特性[J].林业科学,2010(8):56-61.
[36] 曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.
[37] 赵财,柴强.不同供水水平下丁香酚和间作蚕豆对小麦光合特性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(4):88-93.