沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化特征
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摘要
土壤氮(N)的有效性是沙地林生态系统生产力和稳定性的关键限制因子。本研究以科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象,分析测定了10～60 a林龄土壤NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N和矿质N含量、氨化速率、硝化速率和N矿化速率的变化规律。结果表明:樟子松人工林土壤NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N和矿质N含量,随着不同林龄在10～60 a内表现出增加的趋势,其中10～30 a增幅较小,40～60 a显著提高;随着土层深度增加而减小,主要集中在0～20 cm,呈现出表聚性。不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤氨化速率、硝化速率和矿化速率均随林龄增加而增加,随土层深度的增加而降低,其中0～40 cm土层明显大于40～100 cm。通过双因素方差分析,得出林龄与土层对各矿化指标影响显著。土壤矿化指标与人工林地上樟子松株高、胸径、冠幅以及土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮有显著的正相关关系。通过冗余分析(RDA)表明,影响不同林龄土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、全磷、有机碳;影响不同土层土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、碱解氮、有机碳。因此,樟子松人工林能够改善沙地土壤N的有效性,幼龄林和中龄林改善效果较小,近成熟林和成熟林改善效果明显;对表层土的改善效果优于深层土;土壤肥力是影响土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子。
The availability of soil nitrogen( N) is a key limiting factor for the productivity and stability of sandy forest ecosystems. In this study,the changes of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents and the ammoniation,nitrification and nitrogen mineralization rates of soil under the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with 10-60-year stand ages were determined. The results showed that the NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents of soil under the P. sylvestris plantations were increased with the increase of forest stand age in a range of 10-60 years,in which the increase under the plantations with 10-30-year stand ages was low,and it was significantly improved under the plantations with 40-60-year stand ages. Soil NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents were decreased with the increase of soil depth,and they were distributed mainly in 0-20 cm soil layers. The soil ammoniation,nitrification and mineralization rates under the plantations were increased with the increase of forest stand age,and these indexes of the 0-40 cm soil layer was obviously higher than those of 40-100 cm soil layer. The two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the effects of forest stand age and soil layer on the mineralization indexes were significant.Soil mineralization indexes had a significant positive correlation with plant height,diameter at breast height,crown width and the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen in the plantations. The redundancy analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting soil mineralization indexes under the plantations with different stand ages were total nitrogen,total phosphorus and soil organic carbon; the main environmental factors affecting mineralization indexes of different soil layers were alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus and soil organic carbon. Therefore,the P. sylvestris plantation could be used to improve the soil N in sandy land,the improvement effect of young and middle-aged plantations on soil N was small,and that of near-mature forest and mature forest was obvious. The improvement effect of plantation on topsoil was better than that of deep soil. Soil fertility was the main environmental factor affecting soil mineralization index.
The availability of soil nitrogen( N) is a key limiting factor for the productivity and stability of sandy forest ecosystems. In this study,the changes of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents and the ammoniation,nitrification and nitrogen mineralization rates of soil under the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with 10-60-year stand ages were determined. The results showed that the NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents of soil under the P. sylvestris plantations were increased with the increase of forest stand age in a range of 10-60 years,in which the increase under the plantations with 10-30-year stand ages was low,and it was significantly improved under the plantations with 40-60-year stand ages. Soil NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and mineral N contents were decreased with the increase of soil depth,and they were distributed mainly in 0-20 cm soil layers. The soil ammoniation,nitrification and mineralization rates under the plantations were increased with the increase of forest stand age,and these indexes of the 0-40 cm soil layer was obviously higher than those of 40-100 cm soil layer. The two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the effects of forest stand age and soil layer on the mineralization indexes were significant.Soil mineralization indexes had a significant positive correlation with plant height,diameter at breast height,crown width and the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen in the plantations. The redundancy analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting soil mineralization indexes under the plantations with different stand ages were total nitrogen,total phosphorus and soil organic carbon; the main environmental factors affecting mineralization indexes of different soil layers were alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus and soil organic carbon. Therefore,the P. sylvestris plantation could be used to improve the soil N in sandy land,the improvement effect of young and middle-aged plantations on soil N was small,and that of near-mature forest and mature forest was obvious. The improvement effect of plantation on topsoil was better than that of deep soil. Soil fertility was the main environmental factor affecting soil mineralization index.
引文
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