梯级水库群汛前消落控制多目标优化方法
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摘要
大型水库汛前消落控制是流域梯级乃至整个水电系统调度的核心问题之一,关系到电网的安全、稳定、经济运行。该文以乌江干流梯级水电工程为背景,结合贵州电网水火电协调运行需求,提出梯级水库群汛前消落控制多目标优化方法,引入"基尼系数"描述梯级蓄能消落均衡程度,构建了蓄能消落基尼系数最小和发电量最大多目标优化模型;提出耦合"随机原则"和"满意原则"的多情景决策方法,挖掘来水不确定性及年初蓄能状态对目标变化趋势的影响,确定不同情景下蓄能消落基尼系数控制边界,以优选适合的梯级水库汛前消落控制方式。实际应用结果表明,该文方法可以兼顾发电效益和梯级蓄能均衡消落控制需求,得到便于实际调度操作的消落控制方式。
The optimal drawdown control of large scale cascaded reservoirs before flood season plays a key role in the operation of cascaded reservoirs and even the entire hydropower system, and relates to the safe, stable and economical operation of the power grid. Introducing Gini coefficient as the equilibrium measurement of drawdown process and taking Wujiang cascaded reservoirs as the background, a multi-objective optimization model for drawdown control of cascaded reservoirs was constructed. The objective of the model was to minimize the Gini coefficient and maximize the power generation, and a constraint method was used to obtain the Pareto solutions. Based on the optimized results, a multi-scenario decision making method based on random and satisfaction principle was proposed, which takes into account the influence of the inflow uncertainty and the different initial energy storage states. According to the multiple scenario single-objective optimization results, the comparatively better Gini coefficient control value is picked out, and finally the drawdown control decision results of cascaded reservoirs in different conditions and the general order of drawdown of the main regulating reservoirs are determined. The case study results show that the proposed method of this paper can meet the demands for power generation benefits and equilibrium drawdown control, and obtain the feasible and practical drawdown control scheduling.
The optimal drawdown control of large scale cascaded reservoirs before flood season plays a key role in the operation of cascaded reservoirs and even the entire hydropower system, and relates to the safe, stable and economical operation of the power grid. Introducing Gini coefficient as the equilibrium measurement of drawdown process and taking Wujiang cascaded reservoirs as the background, a multi-objective optimization model for drawdown control of cascaded reservoirs was constructed. The objective of the model was to minimize the Gini coefficient and maximize the power generation, and a constraint method was used to obtain the Pareto solutions. Based on the optimized results, a multi-scenario decision making method based on random and satisfaction principle was proposed, which takes into account the influence of the inflow uncertainty and the different initial energy storage states. According to the multiple scenario single-objective optimization results, the comparatively better Gini coefficient control value is picked out, and finally the drawdown control decision results of cascaded reservoirs in different conditions and the general order of drawdown of the main regulating reservoirs are determined. The case study results show that the proposed method of this paper can meet the demands for power generation benefits and equilibrium drawdown control, and obtain the feasible and practical drawdown control scheduling.
引文
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[10]牛文静,武新宇,冯仲恺,等.梯级水电站群蓄能控制优化调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3139-3147.Niu Wenjing,Wu Xinyu,Feng Zhongkai,et al.The optimal operation method of multi-reservoir system under the cascade storage energy control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3139-3147(in Chinese).
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[13]叶琰,马光文,龙训建,等.金沙江下游及三峡梯级径流均匀度及突变性分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(2):41-44.Ye Yan,Ma Guangwen,Long Xunjian,et al.Study on runoff uniformity and mutation for the lower Jinsha reaches and the Three Gorges cascade[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(2):41-44(in Chinese).
[14]陈森林,董建凡,郭乐,等.基于改进基尼系数的水电站年最优发电量变化规律研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(12):1450-1457.Chen Senlin,Dong Jianfan,Guo Le,et al.Improved Gini coefficient and annual optimal generation changing rules of hydropower station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(12):1450-1457(in Chinese).
[15]纪昌明,石萍,黄速艇.基于聚类分析思想的水电站水库优化调度规律的提取[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(6):41-48.Ji Changming,Shi Ping,Huang Suting.Extraction of reservoir optimal operation rules based on clustering analysis[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(6):41-48(in Chinese).
[16]彭杨,纪昌明,刘方.梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型及应用[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1272-1277.Peng Yang,Ji Changming,Liu Fang.Multi-objective optimization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1272-1277(in Chinese).
[17]徐斌,钟平安,陈宇婷,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡-葛洲坝多目标联合调度研究[J].中国科学:技术科学,2017,47(8):823-831.Xu Bin,Zhong Pingan,Chen Yuting,et al.The multiobjective and joint operation of Xiluodu cascade and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs system[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2017,47(8):823-831(in Chinese).
[18]程春田,申建建,武新宇,等.大规模复杂水电优化调度系统的实用化求解策略及方法[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):785-795.Cheng Chuntian,Shen Jianjian,Wu Xinyu,et al.Practical solution strategies and methods of large-scale complex hydropower system operations[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):785-795(in Chinese).
[19]王国利,梁国华,曹小磊,等.基于协商对策的群决策模型及其在跨流域调水方案优选中的应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):624-629.Wang Guoli,Liang Guohua,Cao Xiaolei,et al.Negotiation-based multi-objective and multi-person optimal decision making model for inter-basin water transfer schemes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):624-629(in Chinese).
[20]吴翔,谭国俊,叶宗彬,等.三相电压源型逆变器的多目标满意优化脉宽调制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1674-1685.Wu Xiang,Tan Guojun,Ye Zongbin,et al.Pulse width modulation strategy for Three-phase voltage source inverters based on multi-objective satisfactory optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1674-1685(in Chinese).
[2]杨经纬,张宁,王毅,等.面向可再生能源消纳的多能源系统:述评与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):11-24.Yang Jingwei,Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,et al.Multi-energy system towards renewable energy accommodation:review and prospect[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):11-24(in Chinese).
[3]吴杰康,唐力.含不确定性负荷的水火电力系统随机优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):36-43.Wu Jiekang,Tang Li.Stochastic optimization scheduling method for hydrothermal power systems with stochastic loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):36-43(in Chinese).
[4]Labadie J W.Optimal operation of multireservoir systems:state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2004,130(2):93-111.
[5]程春田,励刚,程雄,等.大规模特高压直流水电消纳问题及应用实践[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):549-560.Cheng Chuntian,Li Gang,Cheng Xiong,et al.Large-scale Ultra High voltage direct current hydropower absorption and its experiences[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):549-560(in Chinese).
[6]胡挺,陈国庆,汪芸,等.长江干流梯级水库群联合调度[J].中国科学:技术科学,2017,47(8):882-890.Hu Ting,Chen Guoqing,Wang Yun,et al.Joint operation of cascade reservoirs on the mainstream of Yangtze River[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2017,47(8):882-890(in Chinese).
[7]张双虎,张忠波,徐卫红,等.基于决策树技术的多年调节水库年末消落水位研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(6):44-48,69.Zhang Shuanghu,Zhang Zhongbo,Xu Weihong,et al.Study on year-end level of carryover storage reservoir based on decision tree[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(6):44-48,69(in Chinese).
[8]张睿,周建中,袁柳,等.金沙江梯级水库消落运用方式研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(12):1399-1408.Zhang Rui,Zhou Jianzhong,Yuan Liu,et al.Study on dry season operation of cascade reservoir in Jinsha River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(12):1399-1408(in Chinese).
[9]黄草,王忠静,鲁军,等.长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究Ⅱ:水库群调度规则及蓄放次序[J].水利学报,2014,45(10):1175-1183.Huang Cao,Wang Zhongjing,Lu Jun,et al.A multireservoir operation optimization model and application in the upper Yangtze River BasinⅡ.Operation rules and water releasing/storing sequences[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(10):1175-1183(in Chinese).
[10]牛文静,武新宇,冯仲恺,等.梯级水电站群蓄能控制优化调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3139-3147.Niu Wenjing,Wu Xinyu,Feng Zhongkai,et al.The optimal operation method of multi-reservoir system under the cascade storage energy control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3139-3147(in Chinese).
[11]Zoli C.Intersecting generalized Lorenz curves and the Gini index[J].Social Choice and Welfare,1999,16(2):183-196.
[12]胡彩霞,谢平,许斌,等.基于基尼系数的水文年内分配均匀度变异分析方法--以东江流域龙川站径流序列为例[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(6):7-13.Hu Caixia,Xie Ping,Xu Bin,et al.Variation analysis method for hydrologic annual distribution homogeneity based on Gini coefficient.A case study of runoff series at Longchun station in Dongjiang river basin[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(6):7-13(in Chinese).
[13]叶琰,马光文,龙训建,等.金沙江下游及三峡梯级径流均匀度及突变性分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(2):41-44.Ye Yan,Ma Guangwen,Long Xunjian,et al.Study on runoff uniformity and mutation for the lower Jinsha reaches and the Three Gorges cascade[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(2):41-44(in Chinese).
[14]陈森林,董建凡,郭乐,等.基于改进基尼系数的水电站年最优发电量变化规律研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(12):1450-1457.Chen Senlin,Dong Jianfan,Guo Le,et al.Improved Gini coefficient and annual optimal generation changing rules of hydropower station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(12):1450-1457(in Chinese).
[15]纪昌明,石萍,黄速艇.基于聚类分析思想的水电站水库优化调度规律的提取[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(6):41-48.Ji Changming,Shi Ping,Huang Suting.Extraction of reservoir optimal operation rules based on clustering analysis[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(6):41-48(in Chinese).
[16]彭杨,纪昌明,刘方.梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型及应用[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1272-1277.Peng Yang,Ji Changming,Liu Fang.Multi-objective optimization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1272-1277(in Chinese).
[17]徐斌,钟平安,陈宇婷,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡-葛洲坝多目标联合调度研究[J].中国科学:技术科学,2017,47(8):823-831.Xu Bin,Zhong Pingan,Chen Yuting,et al.The multiobjective and joint operation of Xiluodu cascade and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs system[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2017,47(8):823-831(in Chinese).
[18]程春田,申建建,武新宇,等.大规模复杂水电优化调度系统的实用化求解策略及方法[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):785-795.Cheng Chuntian,Shen Jianjian,Wu Xinyu,et al.Practical solution strategies and methods of large-scale complex hydropower system operations[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):785-795(in Chinese).
[19]王国利,梁国华,曹小磊,等.基于协商对策的群决策模型及其在跨流域调水方案优选中的应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):624-629.Wang Guoli,Liang Guohua,Cao Xiaolei,et al.Negotiation-based multi-objective and multi-person optimal decision making model for inter-basin water transfer schemes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):624-629(in Chinese).
[20]吴翔,谭国俊,叶宗彬,等.三相电压源型逆变器的多目标满意优化脉宽调制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1674-1685.Wu Xiang,Tan Guojun,Ye Zongbin,et al.Pulse width modulation strategy for Three-phase voltage source inverters based on multi-objective satisfactory optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1674-1685(in Chinese).