计及模型预测控制的永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断
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摘要
匝间短路是永磁同步电机中一种常见的故障,若不能及时地监测到故障将会导致二次故障,甚至对整个电机造成破坏。因此,为了提高永磁同步电机的可靠性,该文提出一种永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法。该方法是基于永磁同步电机模型预测控制系统中的价值函数,利用模型预测控制系统中价值函数的直流分量和二次谐波分量来诊断永磁同步电机匝间短路故障。首先简要介绍永磁同步电机在正常情况下的数学模型;然后叙述永磁同步电机模型预测电流控制方法;接着搭建永磁同步电机在匝间短路故障情况下的数据模型,并分析匝间短路故障对定子电压和电流的影响;最后,分析匝间短路故障对模型预测控制系统中价值函数的影响,会导致价值函数中出现直流分量和二次谐波分量。仿真和实验结果验证了提出的匝间故障诊断方法的有效性。
Inter-turn fault(ITF) was a common fault for permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM). If the ITF was not detected in time, its propagation may result in the secondary damage, even the damage to the whole electrical machine. Hence, to improve the reliability of the PMSM, a method to diagnosis the ITF was proposed. The proposed fault diagnosis method was based on the cost function of model predictive control(MPC) system. In this method, the ITF was diagnosed by monitoring the DC component and second harmonic component of cost function existing in the MPC system. The PMSM model under healthy condition was first introduced. Then, the model predictive current control method of the PMSM was described. Moreover, the PMSM model under ITF condition was established, and the influence of the ITF on the stator voltages and currents were analyzed. Finally,the influence of the ITF on the cost function was analyzed,leading to the appearance of the DC component and second harmonic component. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed ITF diagnosis method.
Inter-turn fault(ITF) was a common fault for permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM). If the ITF was not detected in time, its propagation may result in the secondary damage, even the damage to the whole electrical machine. Hence, to improve the reliability of the PMSM, a method to diagnosis the ITF was proposed. The proposed fault diagnosis method was based on the cost function of model predictive control(MPC) system. In this method, the ITF was diagnosed by monitoring the DC component and second harmonic component of cost function existing in the MPC system. The PMSM model under healthy condition was first introduced. Then, the model predictive current control method of the PMSM was described. Moreover, the PMSM model under ITF condition was established, and the influence of the ITF on the stator voltages and currents were analyzed. Finally,the influence of the ITF on the cost function was analyzed,leading to the appearance of the DC component and second harmonic component. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed ITF diagnosis method.
引文
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[6]Sarikhani A,Mohammed A O.Inter-turn fault detection in PM synchronous machines by physics-based back electromotive force estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(8):3472-3484.
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[8]Nadarajan S,Panda S K,Bhangu B,et al.Online model-based condition monitoring for brushless woundfield synchronous generator to detect and diagnose stator windings turn-to-turn shorts using extended kalman filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):3228-3241.
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[13]Kim K H.Simple online fault detecting scheme for shortcircuited turn in a PMSM through current harmonic monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(6):2565-2568.
[14]Boileau T,Leboeuf N,Nahid-Mobarakeh B,et al.Synchronous demodulation of control voltages for stator interturn fault detection in PMSM[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5647-5654.
[15]Rosero J A,Romeral L,Ortega J A,et al.Short-circuit detection by means of empirical mode decomposition and wigner-ville distribution for PMSM running under dynamic condition[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(11):4534-4547.
[16]Jeong H,Moon S,Kim S W.An early stage interturn fault diagnosis of PMSMs by using negative-sequence components[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5701-5708.
[17]Obeid N H,Battiston A,Boileau T,et al.Early intermittent interturn fault detection and localization for a permanent magnet synchronous motor of electrical vehicles using wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification,2017,3(3):694-702.
[18]Hang J,Zhang J,Cheng M,et al.Online interturn fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous machine using zero-sequence components[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):6731-6741.
[19]Hang J,Ding S,Zhang J,et al.Detection of inter-turn short-circuit fault for PMSM with simple fault indicator[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(4):1697-1699.
[20]Urresty J C,Riba J R,Romeral L.Diagnosis of interturn faults in PMSMs operating under nonstationary conditions by applying order tracking filtering[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):507-515.
[21]Yang S C.Online stator turn fault detection for inverterfed electric machines using neutral point voltages difference[J].IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications,2016,52(5):4039-4049.
[22]Wang B,Wang J,Griffo A,et al.Stator turn fault detection by second harmonic in instantaneous power for a triple-redundant fault-tolerant PM drive[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(9):7279-7289.
[23]Haddad R Z,Strangas E G.On the accuracy of fault detection and separation in permanent magnet synchronous machines using MCSA/MVSA and LDA[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(3):924-934.
[24]Quiroga J,Cartes D A,Edrington C S,et al.Neural network based fault detection of PMSM stator winding short under load fluctuation[C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:793-798.
[25]Bouzid M B K,Champenois G.An efficient simplified physical faulty model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to stator fault diagnosis Part II:automatic stator fault diagnosis[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(3):2762-2771.
[26]Delgado M,García A,Ortega J A,et al.Multidimensional intelligent diagnosis system based on support vector machine classifier[C]//2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.Gdansk,Poland:IEEE,2011:2124-2131.
[27]Siam M,Khaburi D A,Rodriguez J.Simplified finite control set-model predictive control for matrix converterfed PMSM drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(3):2438-2446.
[28]Chai S,Wang L,Rogers E.A cascade MPC control structure for a PMSM with speed ripple minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(8):2978-2987.
[29]殷芳博,花为,黄文涛,等.基于电压矢量优化的磁通反向永磁电机模型预测转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(22):6524-6533.Yin Fangbo,Hua Wei,Huang Wentao,et al.Voltage vector optimization-based model predicted torque control of flux-reversal permanent magnet machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(22):6524-6533(in Chinese).
[30]Lim C S,Rahim N A,Hew W P,et al.Model predictive control of a two-motor drive with five-leg-inverter supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(1):54-65.
[31]Morel F,Linshi X,Retif J M,et al.A comparative study of predictive current control schemes for a permanentmagnet synchronous machine drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(7):2715-2728.
[32]黄文涛,花为,於锋.考虑定位力矩补偿的磁通切换永磁电机模型预测转矩控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(15):27-33.Huang Wentao,Hua Wei,Yu Feng.A model predictive torque control scheme for flux-switching permanent magnet machines with cogging torque compensation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(15):27-33(in Chinese).
[33]Bozorgi A M,Farasat M,Jafarishiadeh S.Model predictive current control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with low torque and current ripple[J].IET Power Electronics,2017,10(10):1120-1128.
[34]Zhang Y,Xu D,Liu J,et al.Performance improvement of model-predictive current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(4):3683-3695.
[35]Cheng M,Yu F,Chau K T,et al.Dynamic performance evaluation of a nine-phase flux-switching permanentmagnet motor drive with model predictive control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4539-4549.
[36]Moon S,Jeong H,Lee H,et al.Interturn short fault diagnosis in a PMSM by voltage and current residual analysis with the faulty winding model[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2018,33(1):190-198.
[37]Arellano-Padilla J,Sumner M,Gerada C.Winding condition monitoring scheme for a permanent magnet machine using high-frequency injection[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2011,5(1):89-99.
[2]Cheng M,Zhu Y.The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies:A review[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,88:332-347.
[3]Wang W,Cheng M,Zhang B,et al.A fault-tolerant permanent-magnet traction module for subway application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(4):1646-1658.
[4]Cheng M,Hang J,Zhang J.Overview of fault diagnosis theory and method for permanent magnet machine[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2015,1(1):21-36.
[5]Qi Y,Bostanci E,Gurusamy V,et al.A comprehensive analysis of short-circuit current behavior in PMSMinterturn short-circuit faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(12):10784-10793.
[6]Sarikhani A,Mohammed A O.Inter-turn fault detection in PM synchronous machines by physics-based back electromotive force estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(8):3472-3484.
[7]Belguerras L,Arellano-Padilla J,Arumugam P,et al.Non-linear circuit based model of permanent magnet synchronous machine under inter-turn fault:a simple approach based on healthy machine data[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2016,10(6):560-570.
[8]Nadarajan S,Panda S K,Bhangu B,et al.Online model-based condition monitoring for brushless woundfield synchronous generator to detect and diagnose stator windings turn-to-turn shorts using extended kalman filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):3228-3241.
[9]Leboeuf N,Boileau T,Nahid-Mobarakeh B,et al.Real-time detection of interturn faults in PM drives using back-EMF estimation and residual analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(6):2402-2412.
[10]Mazzoletti M A,Bossio G R,De Angelo C H,et al.Amodel-based strategy for interturn short-circuit fault diagnosis in PMSM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(9):7218-7228.
[11]Aubert B,Régnier J,Caux S,et al.Kalman-filter-based indicator for online interturn short circuits detection in permanent-magnet synchronous generators[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(3):1921-1930.
[12]Romeral L,Urresty J C,Ruiz J R R,et al.Modeling of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with stator winding interturn faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(5):1576-1585.
[13]Kim K H.Simple online fault detecting scheme for shortcircuited turn in a PMSM through current harmonic monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(6):2565-2568.
[14]Boileau T,Leboeuf N,Nahid-Mobarakeh B,et al.Synchronous demodulation of control voltages for stator interturn fault detection in PMSM[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5647-5654.
[15]Rosero J A,Romeral L,Ortega J A,et al.Short-circuit detection by means of empirical mode decomposition and wigner-ville distribution for PMSM running under dynamic condition[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(11):4534-4547.
[16]Jeong H,Moon S,Kim S W.An early stage interturn fault diagnosis of PMSMs by using negative-sequence components[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5701-5708.
[17]Obeid N H,Battiston A,Boileau T,et al.Early intermittent interturn fault detection and localization for a permanent magnet synchronous motor of electrical vehicles using wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification,2017,3(3):694-702.
[18]Hang J,Zhang J,Cheng M,et al.Online interturn fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous machine using zero-sequence components[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):6731-6741.
[19]Hang J,Ding S,Zhang J,et al.Detection of inter-turn short-circuit fault for PMSM with simple fault indicator[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(4):1697-1699.
[20]Urresty J C,Riba J R,Romeral L.Diagnosis of interturn faults in PMSMs operating under nonstationary conditions by applying order tracking filtering[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):507-515.
[21]Yang S C.Online stator turn fault detection for inverterfed electric machines using neutral point voltages difference[J].IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications,2016,52(5):4039-4049.
[22]Wang B,Wang J,Griffo A,et al.Stator turn fault detection by second harmonic in instantaneous power for a triple-redundant fault-tolerant PM drive[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(9):7279-7289.
[23]Haddad R Z,Strangas E G.On the accuracy of fault detection and separation in permanent magnet synchronous machines using MCSA/MVSA and LDA[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(3):924-934.
[24]Quiroga J,Cartes D A,Edrington C S,et al.Neural network based fault detection of PMSM stator winding short under load fluctuation[C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:793-798.
[25]Bouzid M B K,Champenois G.An efficient simplified physical faulty model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to stator fault diagnosis Part II:automatic stator fault diagnosis[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(3):2762-2771.
[26]Delgado M,García A,Ortega J A,et al.Multidimensional intelligent diagnosis system based on support vector machine classifier[C]//2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.Gdansk,Poland:IEEE,2011:2124-2131.
[27]Siam M,Khaburi D A,Rodriguez J.Simplified finite control set-model predictive control for matrix converterfed PMSM drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(3):2438-2446.
[28]Chai S,Wang L,Rogers E.A cascade MPC control structure for a PMSM with speed ripple minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(8):2978-2987.
[29]殷芳博,花为,黄文涛,等.基于电压矢量优化的磁通反向永磁电机模型预测转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(22):6524-6533.Yin Fangbo,Hua Wei,Huang Wentao,et al.Voltage vector optimization-based model predicted torque control of flux-reversal permanent magnet machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(22):6524-6533(in Chinese).
[30]Lim C S,Rahim N A,Hew W P,et al.Model predictive control of a two-motor drive with five-leg-inverter supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(1):54-65.
[31]Morel F,Linshi X,Retif J M,et al.A comparative study of predictive current control schemes for a permanentmagnet synchronous machine drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(7):2715-2728.
[32]黄文涛,花为,於锋.考虑定位力矩补偿的磁通切换永磁电机模型预测转矩控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(15):27-33.Huang Wentao,Hua Wei,Yu Feng.A model predictive torque control scheme for flux-switching permanent magnet machines with cogging torque compensation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(15):27-33(in Chinese).
[33]Bozorgi A M,Farasat M,Jafarishiadeh S.Model predictive current control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with low torque and current ripple[J].IET Power Electronics,2017,10(10):1120-1128.
[34]Zhang Y,Xu D,Liu J,et al.Performance improvement of model-predictive current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(4):3683-3695.
[35]Cheng M,Yu F,Chau K T,et al.Dynamic performance evaluation of a nine-phase flux-switching permanentmagnet motor drive with model predictive control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4539-4549.
[36]Moon S,Jeong H,Lee H,et al.Interturn short fault diagnosis in a PMSM by voltage and current residual analysis with the faulty winding model[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2018,33(1):190-198.
[37]Arellano-Padilla J,Sumner M,Gerada C.Winding condition monitoring scheme for a permanent magnet machine using high-frequency injection[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2011,5(1):89-99.
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