稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构特征分析
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摘要
为认识稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构特征,于2016年4月至12月对江汉平原4处稻虾共作水体浮游植物和理化因子开展了逐月调查与分析。共鉴定出浮游植物7门124种,其中绿藻78种、蓝藻16种、硅藻15种、裸藻3种、隐藻2种、甲藻7种、金藻3种。6—9月浮游植物的种类数、细胞密度、叶绿素a含量达到最大值,最小值出现在12月份;浮游植物细胞密度波动范围在1.37×10~5—2.93×10~8 cells/L,叶绿素a含量的变化范围为0.15—208.60μg/L。调查期间浮游植物的优势种共28种,主要优势种有颤藻、蓝纤维藻、微囊藻、小球藻、隐藻等。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数周年变化范围为0.64—6.3,多样性指数最高出现在10月份,最低出现在8月份。结果显示,稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构较复杂,细胞密度变化显示时空的一致性,优势种组成以及优势度存在明显的空间差异(P<0.05),稻田的浅水环境以及小龙虾的养殖行为显著影响浮游植物群落的结构。鉴于藻类作为初级生产者对于水生态环境和小龙虾健康具有重要作用,关注种养结合水体中藻类群落的演变规律对于保障稻田种养的综合效益具有积极意义。
Jianghan Plain is an alluvial plain located in the middle and south of Hubei province,China.In order to explore the community structure of phytoplankton in an integrated rice-crayfish symbiosis farming(IRCSF) system,algal species,cell density,algal biomass,and physicochemical factors in four rice-crayfish symbiosis farming water bodies were monthly investigated in the Jianghan Plain from April 2016 to December 2016.There were 124 species belonged to 7 phylum,which observed in this integrated system;78 species belonged to Chlorophyta;16 species belonged to Cyanophyta;15 species belonged to Bacillariophyta;3 species belonged to Euglenophyta;2 species belonged to Cryptophyta;7 species belonged to Pyrrophyta;and 3 species belonged to Chrysophyta.The number of algal species,cell density value,and chlorophyll-a content all reached the maximum value from June to September,while the minimum value appeared in December.Algal cell density fluctuated in the range of 1.37×10~5 to 2.93×10~8 cells/L,and the content of chlorophyll-a varied from 0.15 to 208.60 μg/L.During the study period,28 dominant species were totally identified.The dominant species were Oscillatoria,Dactyloccocpsis,Microcystis,Chlorella,and Cryptomonas.The annual variation of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was from 0.64 to 6.3.The maximum value of diversity index achieved in October,while the minimum value was in August.The results showed that the community structure of phytoplankton in the IRCSF sytem was complex with an obvious spatio-temporal heterogeneity.Since algae plays an important role in water environment and crayfish cultivation,it is of great significance to pay attention to the change of community structure of phytoplankton in the IRCSF system.
Jianghan Plain is an alluvial plain located in the middle and south of Hubei province,China.In order to explore the community structure of phytoplankton in an integrated rice-crayfish symbiosis farming(IRCSF) system,algal species,cell density,algal biomass,and physicochemical factors in four rice-crayfish symbiosis farming water bodies were monthly investigated in the Jianghan Plain from April 2016 to December 2016.There were 124 species belonged to 7 phylum,which observed in this integrated system;78 species belonged to Chlorophyta;16 species belonged to Cyanophyta;15 species belonged to Bacillariophyta;3 species belonged to Euglenophyta;2 species belonged to Cryptophyta;7 species belonged to Pyrrophyta;and 3 species belonged to Chrysophyta.The number of algal species,cell density value,and chlorophyll-a content all reached the maximum value from June to September,while the minimum value appeared in December.Algal cell density fluctuated in the range of 1.37×10~5 to 2.93×10~8 cells/L,and the content of chlorophyll-a varied from 0.15 to 208.60 μg/L.During the study period,28 dominant species were totally identified.The dominant species were Oscillatoria,Dactyloccocpsis,Microcystis,Chlorella,and Cryptomonas.The annual variation of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was from 0.64 to 6.3.The maximum value of diversity index achieved in October,while the minimum value was in August.The results showed that the community structure of phytoplankton in the IRCSF sytem was complex with an obvious spatio-temporal heterogeneity.Since algae plays an important role in water environment and crayfish cultivation,it is of great significance to pay attention to the change of community structure of phytoplankton in the IRCSF system.
引文
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[16]Zhu W,Wan L,Zhao L F.Interspecies competition rule of algae under different temperature and nutrient concentration condition[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):6-11[朱伟,万蕾,赵联芳.不同温度和营养盐质量浓度条件下藻类的种间竞争规律.生态环境学报,2008,17(1):6-11]
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[18]Wu X G,Su Y P,Chen X B,et al.Structure of phytoplankton communities in different types of fish ponds[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(1):227-230[武秀国,苏彦平,陈修报,等.不同养殖类型池塘藻类群落特征.江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):227-230]
[19]Li R J.Studies on phytoplankton community structure and its primary productivity,energy conersion efficiency in the ponds stocked mainly of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[D].Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[李瑞娇.草鱼池塘浮游植物群落结构及初级生产力、能量转换的初步研究.华中农业大学.2014]
[20]Xiao L J.Phytoplankton assemblage and trophic status of seven reserviors in Hainan province,China[D].Jinan University.2008[肖利娟.海南省7座大中型水库浮游植物群落特征和富营养化分析.暨南大学.2008]
[21]Zhang C.Effect of feeding bait with different protein contents on rice-crab ecosystem[D].Dalian Ocean University.2015[张晨.稻蟹种养中投喂不同蛋白水平河蟹饵料对稻田生态系统的影响.大连海洋大学.2015]
[22]Ou Y H,Han B P.Water quality and phytoplankton community in the Qiyeshi Reservoir after diversion from Dongjiang River[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):204-211[欧阳昊,韩博平.从东江调水后契爷石水库的水质和浮游植物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):204-211]
[23]Liu X,Lu X H,Chen Y W.Long-term evolution of planktonic diatoms and their relationships with environmental factors in Lake Taihu[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(4):821-827[刘霞,陆晓华,陈宇炜.太湖浮游硅藻时空演化与环境因子的关系.环境科学学报,2012,32(4):821-827]
[24]Yuan W L,Cao C G,Wang J P,et al.The community structure and diversity of phytoplankton in rice fish ecological system[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(1):253-257[袁伟玲,曹凑贵,汪金平,等.稻鱼共作生态系统浮游植物群落结构和生物多样性.生态学报,2010,30(1):253-257]
[25]Liu Y S,Zou L.The dffects of illumination,temperature and algae on the release of phosphorus from suspended sediment in Lake Dianchi[J].Research of Environmnet Sciences,1992,5(2):41-44[刘玉生,邹兰.光照、温度和藻类对底泥释放磷的影响.环境科学研究,1992,5(2):41-44]
[26]LüY J.Study on variation characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus at sediment-water interface in grass carp polyculture[D].Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[吕元蛟.草鱼混养池塘底泥--水界面氮磷营养盐变化特征研究.华中农业大学.2014]
[27]Tang P,Wu G R,Lu C M,et al.Effects of the excretion from root system of Eichhornia crassipes on the cell structure and metabolism of Scenedesmus arcuatus[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(3):355-359[唐萍,吴国荣,陆长梅,等.凤眼莲根系分泌物对栅藻结构及代谢的影响.环境科学学报,2000,20(3):355-359]
[28]Yu Z W,Sun W H,Guo K Q,et al.Allelopathic effects of several aquatic plants on algae[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1992,16(1):1-7[俞子文,孙文浩,郭克勤,等.几种高等水生植物的克藻效应.水生生物学报,1992,16(1):1-7]
[29]Zhang C Y.Study on the ability of water hyacinth for purifying eutrophic water[D].Nanjing Agricultural University.2010[张春雨.水葫芦对富营养化水体净化能力的研究.南京农业大学.2010]
[2]Cheng H J.A preliminary study on the ecologicalaspects of culture the crayfish(Procambarus clarkia)in rice fields[D].Hubei University.2014[程慧俊.克氏原螯虾稻田养殖生态学的初步研究.湖北大学.2014]
[3]Yang Y S,Qiu C F,Wang B.Culture technique of crayfish culture in paddy field[J].China Fisheries,2010,(11):39-41[杨玉松,邱丛芳,王彬.稻田养殖小龙虾技术.中国水产,2010,(11):39-41]
[4]Zhang Q M,Tie W X,Yin B,et al.Algae function in paddy field ecosystem and its effect on reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields[J].Soils,2006,38(6):814-819[张启明,铁文霞,尹斌,等.藻类在稻田生态系统中的作用及其对氨挥发损失的影响.土壤,2006,38(6):814-819]
[5]Li Y.Study on the effedts of plankton and zoobenthos in rice-crab culture system[D].Shanghai Ocean University.2013[李岩.稻蟹共生对稻田水体浮游生物和底栖动物影响的研究.上海海洋大学.2013]
[6]Wang A.Study on the effect of water quality and plankton in new rice-crab culture model[D].Shanghai Ocean University.2011[王昂.新型稻蟹共作模式对稻田水质和浮游生物影响的研究.上海海洋大学.2011]
[7]Cao C G,Wang J P,Jin H,et al.Effect of rice-duck farming on algal community in paddy field[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2007,31(1):146-148[曹凑贵,汪金平,金晖,等.稻鸭共育对稻田水体藻类群落的影响.水生生物学报,2007,31(1):146-148]
[8]Zhang Z S,Huang X F.Research Methods of Freshwater Plankton[M].Beijing:Science Press.1995,333-336[章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.科学出版社.1995,333-336]
[9]Hu H J,Li Y Y,Wei Y X,et al.Freshwater Algae in China[M].Beijing:Science Press.2006,29-900[胡鸿钧,李尧英,魏印心,等.中国淡水藻类.科学出版社.2006,29-900]
[10]Chen Q C,Huang L M,Yin J Q,et al.Studies on the Diversity of Zooplankton in the South China Sea Islands[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press.1994,42-50[陈清潮,黄良民,尹健强,等.南海群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究.北京:海洋出版社.1994,42-50]
[11]Zheng M.Study on algae biodiversity and the correlation analysis with nitrogen and phosphorus in the rice-duck system[D].Huazhong Agricultural University.2012[郑敏.稻鸭共育稻田水体藻类多样性及其与氮磷相关性研究.华中农业大学.2012]
[12]Hao J,Ma X Z,Wang W,et al.Structure of phytoplankton functional groups in the ecological farming crab ponds[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(5):1047-1056[郝俊,马旭洲,王武,等.河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物功能类群的结构特征.湖泊科学,2016,28(5):1047-1056]
[13]Shen Y F,Zhang Z S,Gong X J,et al.New Technology of Micro Biological Monitoring[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press.1990,7-408[沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1990,7-408]
[14]Litchman E.Competition and coexistence of phytoplankton under fluctuating light:experiments with two cyanobacteria[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2003,31(3):241-248
[15]Kuwata A,Miyazaki T.Effects of ammonium supply rates on competition between Microcystis novacekii,(Cyanobacteria)and Scenedesmus quadricauda,(Chlorophyta):simulation study[J].Ecological Modelling,2000,135(1):81-87
[16]Zhu W,Wan L,Zhao L F.Interspecies competition rule of algae under different temperature and nutrient concentration condition[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):6-11[朱伟,万蕾,赵联芳.不同温度和营养盐质量浓度条件下藻类的种间竞争规律.生态环境学报,2008,17(1):6-11]
[17]Tan X,Kong F X,Yu Y,et al.Effects of enhanced temperature on algae recruitment and phytoplankton community succession[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(6):578-582[谭啸,孔繁翔,于洋,等.升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响.中国环境科学,2009,29(6):578-582]
[18]Wu X G,Su Y P,Chen X B,et al.Structure of phytoplankton communities in different types of fish ponds[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(1):227-230[武秀国,苏彦平,陈修报,等.不同养殖类型池塘藻类群落特征.江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):227-230]
[19]Li R J.Studies on phytoplankton community structure and its primary productivity,energy conersion efficiency in the ponds stocked mainly of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[D].Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[李瑞娇.草鱼池塘浮游植物群落结构及初级生产力、能量转换的初步研究.华中农业大学.2014]
[20]Xiao L J.Phytoplankton assemblage and trophic status of seven reserviors in Hainan province,China[D].Jinan University.2008[肖利娟.海南省7座大中型水库浮游植物群落特征和富营养化分析.暨南大学.2008]
[21]Zhang C.Effect of feeding bait with different protein contents on rice-crab ecosystem[D].Dalian Ocean University.2015[张晨.稻蟹种养中投喂不同蛋白水平河蟹饵料对稻田生态系统的影响.大连海洋大学.2015]
[22]Ou Y H,Han B P.Water quality and phytoplankton community in the Qiyeshi Reservoir after diversion from Dongjiang River[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):204-211[欧阳昊,韩博平.从东江调水后契爷石水库的水质和浮游植物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):204-211]
[23]Liu X,Lu X H,Chen Y W.Long-term evolution of planktonic diatoms and their relationships with environmental factors in Lake Taihu[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(4):821-827[刘霞,陆晓华,陈宇炜.太湖浮游硅藻时空演化与环境因子的关系.环境科学学报,2012,32(4):821-827]
[24]Yuan W L,Cao C G,Wang J P,et al.The community structure and diversity of phytoplankton in rice fish ecological system[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(1):253-257[袁伟玲,曹凑贵,汪金平,等.稻鱼共作生态系统浮游植物群落结构和生物多样性.生态学报,2010,30(1):253-257]
[25]Liu Y S,Zou L.The dffects of illumination,temperature and algae on the release of phosphorus from suspended sediment in Lake Dianchi[J].Research of Environmnet Sciences,1992,5(2):41-44[刘玉生,邹兰.光照、温度和藻类对底泥释放磷的影响.环境科学研究,1992,5(2):41-44]
[26]LüY J.Study on variation characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus at sediment-water interface in grass carp polyculture[D].Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[吕元蛟.草鱼混养池塘底泥--水界面氮磷营养盐变化特征研究.华中农业大学.2014]
[27]Tang P,Wu G R,Lu C M,et al.Effects of the excretion from root system of Eichhornia crassipes on the cell structure and metabolism of Scenedesmus arcuatus[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(3):355-359[唐萍,吴国荣,陆长梅,等.凤眼莲根系分泌物对栅藻结构及代谢的影响.环境科学学报,2000,20(3):355-359]
[28]Yu Z W,Sun W H,Guo K Q,et al.Allelopathic effects of several aquatic plants on algae[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1992,16(1):1-7[俞子文,孙文浩,郭克勤,等.几种高等水生植物的克藻效应.水生生物学报,1992,16(1):1-7]
[29]Zhang C Y.Study on the ability of water hyacinth for purifying eutrophic water[D].Nanjing Agricultural University.2010[张春雨.水葫芦对富营养化水体净化能力的研究.南京农业大学.2010]