鄱阳湖枯水期延长背景下越冬水鸟群落结构、丰富度及其空间分布格局
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摘要
鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,也是具有国际意义的候鸟越冬地.本研究于2015和2016年越冬期对鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的群落结构、丰富度和空间分布进行了系统的调查,分别记录到水鸟494033和388017只,隶属于6目13科68种.雁形目和鸻形目鸟类种类最多,其次是鹳形目和鹤形目;从生态型来看,游禽32种,涉禽36种.雁鸭类相对丰富度最高,是鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的优势类群,其次是鸻形目鸟类,而2015和2016年鹤形目鸟类数量仅占当年总数量的2.6%和1.4%.在鄱阳湖湿地的不同区域,越冬水鸟种类组成差异较大.从空间分布来看,越冬水鸟主要集中在鄱阳湖自然保护区、九江湿地和南昌湿地.开展鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的种群数量调查,摸清越冬水鸟群落结构和种群丰富度现状,对于有针对性地开展越冬水鸟保护具有重要意义.
Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and an internationally important wintering ground for water birds. In this study,the water bird community structure,abundance and spatial distribution are systematically investigated. The survey covers the whole area of Poyang Lake and records a total of 68 species of water birds belonging to 13 families from 6 orders. In total,494033 and 388017 individuals were observed in winter of 2015 and 2016. Water birds of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were the most abundant in species number,followed by Ciconiiformes and Gruiformes. There were 32 waterfowl species,and 36 shorebirds. As for relative abundance,Anatidae was the most abundant and thus the dominant group. followed by Charadriiformes. While Gruiformes only accounted for about 2.6% and 1.4% in 2015 and 2016. Meanwhile,evident spatial variations of water bird abundance and species composition were found in Poyang Lake. Therefore,it is of great significance to find out the current status of wintering water birds in Poyang Lake for scientific decision-making on water bird conservation.
Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and an internationally important wintering ground for water birds. In this study,the water bird community structure,abundance and spatial distribution are systematically investigated. The survey covers the whole area of Poyang Lake and records a total of 68 species of water birds belonging to 13 families from 6 orders. In total,494033 and 388017 individuals were observed in winter of 2015 and 2016. Water birds of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were the most abundant in species number,followed by Ciconiiformes and Gruiformes. There were 32 waterfowl species,and 36 shorebirds. As for relative abundance,Anatidae was the most abundant and thus the dominant group. followed by Charadriiformes. While Gruiformes only accounted for about 2.6% and 1.4% in 2015 and 2016. Meanwhile,evident spatial variations of water bird abundance and species composition were found in Poyang Lake. Therefore,it is of great significance to find out the current status of wintering water birds in Poyang Lake for scientific decision-making on water bird conservation.
引文
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[12]Huang Y,Li YK,Ji WT et al.Analysis of bird diversity and conservation status in Poyang Lake.Wetland Science,2016,14(3):311-327.[黄燕,李言阔,纪伟涛等.鄱阳湖区鸟类多样性及保护现状分析.湿地科学,2016,14(3):311-327.]
[13]Shan JH.Analysis of bird diversity and endangered bird population in Poyang Lake and their protection vacancies[Dissertation].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2013.[单继红.鄱阳湖鸟类多样性、濒危鸟类种群动态及其保护空缺分析[学位论文].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.]
[14]Zheng GM ed.Chinese birds classification and distribution directory:Second edition.Beijing:Science Press,2011.[郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录:第2版.北京:科学出版社,2011.]
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[17]Wu YB,Ji WT eds.Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2002.[吴英豪,纪伟涛.江西鄱阳湖国家自然保护区研究.北京:中国林业出版社,2002.]
[18]Shao MQ,Zhang CM,Dai NH et al.Time distribution and behavioral rhythm of overwintering Little Swans in Zhangtang habitat in Poyang Lake reclamation area.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(3):817-822.[邵明勤,张聪敏,戴年华等.越冬小天鹅在鄱阳湖围垦区藕塘生境的时间分配与行为节律.生态学杂志,2018,37(3):817-822.]
[19]Shan JH,Ma JZ,Li YK et al.Population and distribution of overwintering crane in Poyang Lake area in recent ten years.Zoological Research,2012,33(4):355-361.[单继红,马建章,李言阔等.近十年来鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤种群数量与分布.动物学研究,2012,33(4):355-361.]
[20]Li FS,Wu JD,Harris J et al.Number and distribution of wintering cranes in Poyang Lake in China in winter 2011-2012.Chinese Birds,2012,3(3):180-190.[李凤山,吴建东,James HARRIS等.2011-2012年冬季中国鄱阳湖越冬鹤类的数量和分布.中国鸟类,2012,3(3):180-190.]
[21]Liu GH,Jin JF,Li FS et al.Number and distribution of large wintering waterfowl in Poyang Lake in winter of 2012.South China Forestry Science,2014,(1):39-43.[刘观华,金杰锋,李凤山等.2012年冬季鄱阳湖大型越冬水鸟数量与分布.南方林业科学,2014,(1):39-43.]
[2]Cui P,Xia SX,Liu GH et al.Changes of overwintering waterfowl population in Poyang Lake.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2013,32(2):292-296.[崔鹏,夏少霞,刘观华等.鄱阳湖越冬水鸟种群变化动态.四川动物,2013,32(2):292-296.]
[3]Ji WT,Zeng NJ,Wang YB et al.Analysis on the waterbirds community survey of Poyang Lake in winter.Geographic Information Sciences,2007,13:51-64.
[4]Zhu Q,Zhan YH,Liu GH et al.Survey on the number and distribution of waterfowls in Poyang Lake in winter of 2011.Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2012,(3):1-9.[朱奇,詹耀煌,刘观华等.2011年冬鄱阳湖水鸟数量与分布调查.江西林业科技,2012,(3):1-9.]
[5]Tu XB,Ma JH,Song YZ et al.Poyang Lake in winter wintering waterfowl resources and protection measures.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2000,(4):6-7.[涂晓斌,马建华,宋玉赞等.鄱阳湖越冬水禽资源现状及保护对策.野生动物,2000,(4):6-7.]
[6]Ji WT,Wu JD,Yi WS et al.Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve wading investigation report.Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2001,(2):29-31.[纪伟涛,吴建东,易武生等.鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区涉禽调查报告.江西林业科技,2001,(2):29-31.]
[7]Guo YR.Characteristics and ecological protection strategies of overwintering migratory bird population in Poyang Lake wetland[Dissertation].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2005.[郭英荣.鄱阳湖湿地越冬候鸟群落特征与生态保护对策[学位论文].南京:南京林业大学,2005.]
[8]Zhong YX,Xiao JC.Study on the biodiversity conservation in Poyang Lake Nature Reserve.Inland Lakes and Poyang Lake Conference on Sustainable Development,2005.[钟业喜,肖加超.鄱阳湖自然保护区生物多样性保护研究.内陆湖泊暨鄱阳湖可持续发展研讨会,2005.]
[9]Huang P,Ouyang S,Ruan LZ et al.Biodiversity of summer bird community in Nanji Mountain Wetland Nature Reserve.Journal of Nanchang University:Nature Science,2009,33(6):585-590.[黄鹏,欧阳珊,阮禄章等.南矶山湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落生物多样性.南昌大学学报:理科版,2009,33(6):585-590.]
[10]Zhang Q,Li L,Wang YG et al.Has the Three-Gorges Dam made the Poyang Lake wetlands wetter and drier?Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(20):L20402.1-L20402.7.
[11]Jia YF.Study on the effect of water level fluctuation on wintering cranes and other waterbirds in Poyang Lake[Dissertation].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2013.[贾亦飞.水位波动对鄱阳湖越冬白鹤及其他水鸟的影响研究[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学,2013.]
[12]Huang Y,Li YK,Ji WT et al.Analysis of bird diversity and conservation status in Poyang Lake.Wetland Science,2016,14(3):311-327.[黄燕,李言阔,纪伟涛等.鄱阳湖区鸟类多样性及保护现状分析.湿地科学,2016,14(3):311-327.]
[13]Shan JH.Analysis of bird diversity and endangered bird population in Poyang Lake and their protection vacancies[Dissertation].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2013.[单继红.鄱阳湖鸟类多样性、濒危鸟类种群动态及其保护空缺分析[学位论文].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.]
[14]Zheng GM ed.Chinese birds classification and distribution directory:Second edition.Beijing:Science Press,2011.[郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录:第2版.北京:科学出版社,2011.]
[15]Wang S ed.Red bird of China endangered species of birds.Beijing:Science Press,1998.[汪松.中国濒危动物红皮书鸟类.北京:科学出版社,1998.]
[16]Mayenne J,Phillips K,Finch eds.China bird field manual.Changsha:Hunan Education Press,2000.[约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.]
[17]Wu YB,Ji WT eds.Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2002.[吴英豪,纪伟涛.江西鄱阳湖国家自然保护区研究.北京:中国林业出版社,2002.]
[18]Shao MQ,Zhang CM,Dai NH et al.Time distribution and behavioral rhythm of overwintering Little Swans in Zhangtang habitat in Poyang Lake reclamation area.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(3):817-822.[邵明勤,张聪敏,戴年华等.越冬小天鹅在鄱阳湖围垦区藕塘生境的时间分配与行为节律.生态学杂志,2018,37(3):817-822.]
[19]Shan JH,Ma JZ,Li YK et al.Population and distribution of overwintering crane in Poyang Lake area in recent ten years.Zoological Research,2012,33(4):355-361.[单继红,马建章,李言阔等.近十年来鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤种群数量与分布.动物学研究,2012,33(4):355-361.]
[20]Li FS,Wu JD,Harris J et al.Number and distribution of wintering cranes in Poyang Lake in China in winter 2011-2012.Chinese Birds,2012,3(3):180-190.[李凤山,吴建东,James HARRIS等.2011-2012年冬季中国鄱阳湖越冬鹤类的数量和分布.中国鸟类,2012,3(3):180-190.]
[21]Liu GH,Jin JF,Li FS et al.Number and distribution of large wintering waterfowl in Poyang Lake in winter of 2012.South China Forestry Science,2014,(1):39-43.[刘观华,金杰锋,李凤山等.2012年冬季鄱阳湖大型越冬水鸟数量与分布.南方林业科学,2014,(1):39-43.]