北斗和GPS反演大气可降水量的对比分析
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摘要
北斗地基增强系统是我国北斗卫星导航系统重要的地面基础设施,它可以获取高精度、高时间分辨率的水汽产品,满足数值预报、空间天气监测和预警业务的需求。本文利用2017年北斗地基增强系统中北斗单模、GPS单模和GPS+BD双模的数据资料,对同址的北斗气象站、GPS气象站和探空站反演大气可降水量进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)现行北斗地基增强系统所提供的数据,可以有效地用来反演大气柱总水汽含量,所得结果合理,平均偏差都小于1 mm,在变化上与GPS系统和探空系统基本一致,对数值预报有一定的指示作用;(2)与GPS系统相比,GPS单模/PWV和GPS+BD双模/PWV的均方差小于2 mm,相关系数均在0. 97以上,表明两者在反演PWV的精度上与GPS系统相当,而北斗单模/PWV的均方差为3～6 mm,相对方差达到了15%～20%,其精度与GPS系统还有一定的差距;(3)与探空相比,北斗单模在个别时次变化趋势上存在不一致的情况,其均方差为2. 14～6. 12 mm,相对方差为15. 32%～20. 84%,其误差可能是由于探测系统误差等因素造成的,而GPS+BD双模和GPS单模会更加稳定。
The Beidou Ground-based Augment System is the important infrastructure of the Beidou Satellite Navigation System. To obtain water vapor products with high precision and resolution is the demand for numerical forecasting,space weather monitoring and early warning services. This paper, using the data from three kinds of water vapor patterns of Beidou, GPS and GPS + BD in Beidou Ground-based Augment System, combined with the radiosonde observation, makes detailed comparative analysis among Beidou,GPS and sounding systems. The results show that:(1) The data provided by the Beidou Ground-based Augment System can be effectively used to retrieve the total vapor content of the atmospheric column, and the average deviation is less than 1 mm, which is basically consistent with the GPS and the sounding system and has some indication to numerical forecast.(2) Compared with the GPS system, the mean square error of GPS/PWV and GPS + BD/PWV is less than 2 mm, and the correlation coefficient is more than 97%, which indicates that the accuracy is similar to GPS system. However, the mean square error of Beidou/PWV is 3-6 mm, and the relative variance is 15 %-20 %, which shows that there is a certain difference of accuracy between Beidou and GPS system.(3) Compared with sounding system, the Beidou/PWV has some inconsistency with the situation in individual time changes, which the mean square error is 2. 14-6. 12 mm and the relative variance is 15. 32%-20. 84%. The errors may be due to factors such as the detection system errors, while the GPS+BD/PWV and GPS/PWV will be more stable.
The Beidou Ground-based Augment System is the important infrastructure of the Beidou Satellite Navigation System. To obtain water vapor products with high precision and resolution is the demand for numerical forecasting,space weather monitoring and early warning services. This paper, using the data from three kinds of water vapor patterns of Beidou, GPS and GPS + BD in Beidou Ground-based Augment System, combined with the radiosonde observation, makes detailed comparative analysis among Beidou,GPS and sounding systems. The results show that:(1) The data provided by the Beidou Ground-based Augment System can be effectively used to retrieve the total vapor content of the atmospheric column, and the average deviation is less than 1 mm, which is basically consistent with the GPS and the sounding system and has some indication to numerical forecast.(2) Compared with the GPS system, the mean square error of GPS/PWV and GPS + BD/PWV is less than 2 mm, and the correlation coefficient is more than 97%, which indicates that the accuracy is similar to GPS system. However, the mean square error of Beidou/PWV is 3-6 mm, and the relative variance is 15 %-20 %, which shows that there is a certain difference of accuracy between Beidou and GPS system.(3) Compared with sounding system, the Beidou/PWV has some inconsistency with the situation in individual time changes, which the mean square error is 2. 14-6. 12 mm and the relative variance is 15. 32%-20. 84%. The errors may be due to factors such as the detection system errors, while the GPS+BD/PWV and GPS/PWV will be more stable.
引文
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郭巍,尹球,杜明斌,等,2015.利用地基北斗站反演大气水汽总量的精度检验[J].应用气象学报,26(3):346-353.
何平,徐宝祥,周秀骥,等,2002.地基GPS反演大气水汽总量的初步试验[J].应用气象学报,13(2):179-183.
黄振,李万彪,梁军,2013.GPS遥感大气可降水量在降水天气过程分析中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,29(4):31-36.
李建国,毛节泰,李成才,等,1999.使用全球定位系统遥感水汽分布原理和中国东部地区加权“平均温度”的回归分析[J].气象学报,57(3):283-292.
刘持菊,李小汝,王春芳,等,2017.北斗气象预警信息发布系统及其在秭归的应用[J].气象科技,45(4):629-636.
刘光明,唐颖哲,秦显平,等,2013.陆态网GPS精密定轨方法与精度分析[J].测绘工程,22(4):38-41.
刘万科,任杰,曾琪,等,2015. 2013—2015年BDS空间信号测距误差的精度评估[J].国防科技大学学报,38(3):1-6.
施闯,王海深,曹云昌,等,2016.基于北斗卫星的水汽探测性能分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,41(3):285-289.
涂满红,曹云昌,周丹,2016.基于北斗导航卫星反射信号探测海浪的实现与分析[J].安徽农业科学,44(35):188-190.
万蓉,付志康,李武阶,等,2015.地基GPS斜路径水汽反演技术及资料应用初探[J].气象,41(4):448-455.
王继竹,郭英莲,徐桂荣,等,2014.湖北省不同资料反演大气可降水量的误差分析[J].气象,40(11):1308-1315.
杨鑫春,徐必礼,胡杨,2013.北斗卫星导航系统的星座性能分析[J].测绘科学,38(2):8-11,31.
杨元喜,2010.北斗卫星导航系统的进展、贡献与挑战[J].测绘学报,39(1):1-6.
赵世军,高太长,刘涛,等,2012.基于北斗一号的高空风探测方法研究[J].气象科技,40(2):170-174.
周若,蔡宏,2014.湖北省北斗水汽电离层监测系统基准站设计与实施[J].气象科技,42(4):601-604.
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Blewitt G. 1990. An automatic editing algorithm for GPS data[J].Geophys Res Lett, 17(3):199-202.
Bolton D,1980. The computation of equivalent potential temperature[J]. Mon Wea Rev,108(7):1046-1053.
Elgered G, Davis J L, Herring T A, et al. 1991. Geodesy by radio interferometry:water vapor radiometry for estimation of the wet delay[J]. J Geophys Res, 96(B4):6541-6555.
Guerova G,Jones J, Dousa J, et al. 2016. Review of the state of the art and future prospects of the ground-based GNSS meteorology in Europe[J]. Atmos Meas Tech, 9(11):5385-5406. DOI:10.5194/amt-2016-125.
Wang Junhong, Zhang Liangying, 2008. Systematic errors in global radiosonde precipitable water data from comparisons with ground-based GPS measurements[J]. J Climate, 21(10):2218-2238.
成方林,冯林强,张翼飞,2004.“北斗”导航系统在海洋水文、气象监测系统中的应用[J].海洋技术,23(3):70-73.
耿涛,苏醒,许小龙,等,2015.北斗卫星导航系统精密定轨和广播星历轨道精度分析[J].中国科技论文,10(9):1023-1026,1032.
郭巍,尹球,杜明斌,等,2015.利用地基北斗站反演大气水汽总量的精度检验[J].应用气象学报,26(3):346-353.
何平,徐宝祥,周秀骥,等,2002.地基GPS反演大气水汽总量的初步试验[J].应用气象学报,13(2):179-183.
黄振,李万彪,梁军,2013.GPS遥感大气可降水量在降水天气过程分析中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,29(4):31-36.
李建国,毛节泰,李成才,等,1999.使用全球定位系统遥感水汽分布原理和中国东部地区加权“平均温度”的回归分析[J].气象学报,57(3):283-292.
刘持菊,李小汝,王春芳,等,2017.北斗气象预警信息发布系统及其在秭归的应用[J].气象科技,45(4):629-636.
刘光明,唐颖哲,秦显平,等,2013.陆态网GPS精密定轨方法与精度分析[J].测绘工程,22(4):38-41.
刘万科,任杰,曾琪,等,2015. 2013—2015年BDS空间信号测距误差的精度评估[J].国防科技大学学报,38(3):1-6.
施闯,王海深,曹云昌,等,2016.基于北斗卫星的水汽探测性能分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,41(3):285-289.
涂满红,曹云昌,周丹,2016.基于北斗导航卫星反射信号探测海浪的实现与分析[J].安徽农业科学,44(35):188-190.
万蓉,付志康,李武阶,等,2015.地基GPS斜路径水汽反演技术及资料应用初探[J].气象,41(4):448-455.
王继竹,郭英莲,徐桂荣,等,2014.湖北省不同资料反演大气可降水量的误差分析[J].气象,40(11):1308-1315.
杨鑫春,徐必礼,胡杨,2013.北斗卫星导航系统的星座性能分析[J].测绘科学,38(2):8-11,31.
杨元喜,2010.北斗卫星导航系统的进展、贡献与挑战[J].测绘学报,39(1):1-6.
赵世军,高太长,刘涛,等,2012.基于北斗一号的高空风探测方法研究[J].气象科技,40(2):170-174.
周若,蔡宏,2014.湖北省北斗水汽电离层监测系统基准站设计与实施[J].气象科技,42(4):601-604.
Bevis M,Businger S, Chiswell S R,et al. 1994. GPS meteorology:mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water[J]. J Appl Meteor,33(3):379-386.
Blewitt G. 1990. An automatic editing algorithm for GPS data[J].Geophys Res Lett, 17(3):199-202.
Bolton D,1980. The computation of equivalent potential temperature[J]. Mon Wea Rev,108(7):1046-1053.
Elgered G, Davis J L, Herring T A, et al. 1991. Geodesy by radio interferometry:water vapor radiometry for estimation of the wet delay[J]. J Geophys Res, 96(B4):6541-6555.
Guerova G,Jones J, Dousa J, et al. 2016. Review of the state of the art and future prospects of the ground-based GNSS meteorology in Europe[J]. Atmos Meas Tech, 9(11):5385-5406. DOI:10.5194/amt-2016-125.
Wang Junhong, Zhang Liangying, 2008. Systematic errors in global radiosonde precipitable water data from comparisons with ground-based GPS measurements[J]. J Climate, 21(10):2218-2238.