耕作方式与秸秆还田对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性及冬小麦产量的影响
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摘要
为探究耕作方式及秸秆还田处理对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性的影响,在河南省商水县砂姜黑土地区设置深耕秸秆不还田、深耕秸秆还田、旋耕秸秆还田和旋耕秸秆不还田4个处理,以超高产小麦品种周麦27为材料进行大田试验,对不同处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及冬小麦籽粒产量进行测定分析。结果表明,20~40cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶的活性在不同处理间差异大多不显著,小麦拔节期、开花期和成熟期0~20cm土层深耕秸秆不还田处理与其他处理间差异显著。0~20cm土层土壤蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内不同处理间有显著差异,秸秆还田处理下土壤蔗糖酶活性高于秸秆不还田处理,而在20~40cm土层小麦拔节期和成熟期不同处理间没有显著差异。在小麦生育期内秸秆还田处理下0~20cm和20~40cm土层土壤脲酶活性显著高于其他处理,深耕秸秆不还田处理在拔节期和成熟期高于旋耕秸秆不还田处理。不同处理间土壤碱性磷酸酶活性在小麦生育期内差异显著,总体表现为深耕秸秆还田>旋耕秸秆还田>深耕秸秆不还田>旋耕秸秆不还田。深耕秸秆还田处理对比其他处理能够显著增加冬小麦籽粒产量及千粒重,但其有效穗数显著低于其他处理。
To explore the effects on soil enzyme activities of tillage and straw returning of wheat grown in lime concretion black soil,four treatments of deep tillage with no straw returning(DT+NS),deep tillage with all straw returning(DT+AS),rotary tillage with all straw returning(RT+AS)and rotary tillage with no straw returning(RT+NS)were set in the Vertisol Area of Shangshui,Henan using ultra-high-yielding wheat variety Zhoumai 27 as the material,then the activities of soil catalase,soil invertase,soil urease and soil alkaline phosphatase were investigated and winter wheat grain yield were determined.The results showed that the soil catalase activity in 20-40 cm soil was not significantly different among these treatments,while which was different significantly in 0-20 cm soil be-tween DT+NS treatment and other treatments at jointing,flowering and maturity stages.The invertase activity in 0-20 cm soil was significantly different among different treatments and different growth period of wheat,which was higher in AS treatment than in NS treatment.While there were no significant differences in 20-40 cm soil at jointing and maturity among different treatments.The urease activity 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil under AS treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments during wheat growth period,and that of DT+NS treatment was higher than RT+NS treatment at jointing and maturity.Soil alkaline phosphatase activity during wheat growth period was significantly different among different treatments,which were as that DT+AS> RT+AS> DT+NS>RT+NS.Compared to other treatments,DT+AS treatment significantly increased grain yield and grain weight of winter wheat,but significantly reduced the number of effective spikes.
To explore the effects on soil enzyme activities of tillage and straw returning of wheat grown in lime concretion black soil,four treatments of deep tillage with no straw returning(DT+NS),deep tillage with all straw returning(DT+AS),rotary tillage with all straw returning(RT+AS)and rotary tillage with no straw returning(RT+NS)were set in the Vertisol Area of Shangshui,Henan using ultra-high-yielding wheat variety Zhoumai 27 as the material,then the activities of soil catalase,soil invertase,soil urease and soil alkaline phosphatase were investigated and winter wheat grain yield were determined.The results showed that the soil catalase activity in 20-40 cm soil was not significantly different among these treatments,while which was different significantly in 0-20 cm soil be-tween DT+NS treatment and other treatments at jointing,flowering and maturity stages.The invertase activity in 0-20 cm soil was significantly different among different treatments and different growth period of wheat,which was higher in AS treatment than in NS treatment.While there were no significant differences in 20-40 cm soil at jointing and maturity among different treatments.The urease activity 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil under AS treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments during wheat growth period,and that of DT+NS treatment was higher than RT+NS treatment at jointing and maturity.Soil alkaline phosphatase activity during wheat growth period was significantly different among different treatments,which were as that DT+AS> RT+AS> DT+NS>RT+NS.Compared to other treatments,DT+AS treatment significantly increased grain yield and grain weight of winter wheat,but significantly reduced the number of effective spikes.
引文
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[15]谢勇波,周清明,龚道新.不同化学农药对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010,3(3):63-65,68.Xie Y B,Zhou Q M,Gong D X.Effects of different chemical pesticides on soil urease activity[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010,3(3):63-65,68.
[16]李小磊,刘文菊,赵全利,等.微生物菌剂与2种耕作方式下冬小麦生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):20-25.Li X L,Liu W J,Zhao Q L,et al.Dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities under microbial agents and two kinds of tillage during winter wheat growth period[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):20-25.
[17]李波,魏亚凤,汪波,等.稻草还田与不同耕作方式对麦田土壤脲酶和土壤无机氮的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):106-111.Li B,Wei Y F,Wang B,et al.Effects of straw mulching and different tillage methods on wheat field urease and soil inorganic nitrogen[J].Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014,30(1):106-111.
[2]赵洪利,李军,贾志宽,等.不同耕作方式对黄土高原旱地麦田土壤物理性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):17-21.Zhao H L,Li J,Jia Z K,et al.Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties of dryland wheat field in the Loess Plateau[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2009,27(3):17-21.
[3]陈冬林.多熟复种稻田土壤耕作和秸秆还田的效应研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.Chen D L,Study on the effect of tillage and straw returning in multi cropping paddy field soil[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2009.
[4]夏雪,刘善江,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.Xia X,Liu S J,Chen G M,et al.Advances in soil enzymes[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(21):1-7.
[5]Paz Jimenez M D,Horra A M,Peuzzo L,et al.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35:302-306.
[6]姜桂英,黄绍敏,郭斗斗.不同耕作和轮作方式下作物生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):335-341.Jiang G Y,Huang S M,Guo D D.Dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities in crop growth period under different tillage and rotations[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2009,43(3):335-341.
[7]高秀君,张仁陟,杨招弟.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性动态的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1012-1016.Gao X J,Zhang R S,Yang Z D.Effects of different tillage methods on dryland soil enzyme activity[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(5):1012-1016.
[8]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:206-239.Guan Y S.Soil Enzyme and Research Method[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1986:206-239.
[9]严昶升.土壤肥力研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:34-41.Yan C S.Soil Fertility Research Methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1988:34-41.
[10]陈华癸,樊庆笙.微生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1980:240.Chen H G,Fan Q S.Microbiology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1980:240.
[11]罗珠珠,黄高宝,蔡立群,等.不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):94-101.Luo Z Z,Huang G B,Cai L Q,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of soil enzyme in spring wheat growth period under different tillage systems[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(6):94-101.
[12]刘鹏涛,赵如浪,冯佰利,等.黄土高原春玉米田不同耕作处理土壤酶活性的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(7):54-58.Liu P T,Zhao R L,Feng B L,et al.Changes of soil enzyme activities with different tillage on Loess Plateau spring maize[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(7):54-58.
[13]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥田土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):2059-2063.Sun R L,Zhao B Q,Zhu L S,et al.Dynamic changes of longterm fertilization field soil enzyme activities[J].Ecology And Environmental Sciences,2008,17(5):2059-2063.
[14]沈宏,曹志洪,徐本生.玉米生长期间土壤微生物量与土壤酶变化及其相关性研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(4):471-474.Shen H,Cao Z H,Xu B S.Soil microbial biomass and enzyme changes and their correlation during corn growth[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1999,10(4):471-474.
[15]谢勇波,周清明,龚道新.不同化学农药对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010,3(3):63-65,68.Xie Y B,Zhou Q M,Gong D X.Effects of different chemical pesticides on soil urease activity[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010,3(3):63-65,68.
[16]李小磊,刘文菊,赵全利,等.微生物菌剂与2种耕作方式下冬小麦生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):20-25.Li X L,Liu W J,Zhao Q L,et al.Dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities under microbial agents and two kinds of tillage during winter wheat growth period[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):20-25.
[17]李波,魏亚凤,汪波,等.稻草还田与不同耕作方式对麦田土壤脲酶和土壤无机氮的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):106-111.Li B,Wei Y F,Wang B,et al.Effects of straw mulching and different tillage methods on wheat field urease and soil inorganic nitrogen[J].Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014,30(1):106-111.
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