云南新元古代地史研究的新认识
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摘要
较为系统地搜集了云南新元古代的地层、岩石、构造、矿产的相关资料,结合长期进行不同比例尺的区域地质矿产调查、固体矿产勘查形成的认识,从区域地质发展史的角度再度对云南新元古代的地史演化进行研究,得出5方面的新认识。即:1)三江造山带的新元古界包括公养河群(中下部)、勐统群、南坑河组,均为地层层序清楚的浅变质含碳酸盐砂泥质沉积,与中元古界澜沧岩群、巨甸岩群地层层序模糊的浅变质含中基性火山岩的砂泥质沉积构成明显差别; 2)三江造山带的新元古界仅发生轻微变质,变质作用强度带为绢云母—绿泥石带(明显低于中元古界),变质作用时期为早寒武世末期,为兴凯运动的表现形式之一; 3)上扬子陆块的新元古界中,陆良组属青白口系,澄江组、牛头山组属青白口系—南华系,南沱组属南华系,观音崖组、陡山沱组、灯影组(中下部)属震旦系; 4)据南沱组冰碛层与下伏澄江组砂岩的地质年代,造成二者呈微弱角度不整合接触的澄江运动应发生在南华纪早期; 5)华南陆块的新元古界包括屏边群、浪木桥组(下部),屏边群的冰筏沉积、浪木桥组的含磷沉积分别与上扬子陆块冰川沉积的南沱组、含磷地层灯影组中谊村段相对比。
Based on the Neoproterozoic strata, magmatic rocks, metamorphism, structures, mineral resources,and multi-scale regional geological mapping and solid mineral resources exploration, the Neoproterozoic characteristics and geohistory in Yunnan Province can be summarized as follows. 1) Neoproterozoic strata in the Three-river Orogenic Belt consist of the lower and middle Gongyanghe Group(Z∈G), Mengtong Group(ZM), and Nankenghe Formation(Znk), which are composed of lightly metamorphosed carbonate-bearing sandy argillites. They are significantly different from the Mesoproterozoic Lancang Metamorphic Group(Pt2 L)and Judian Metamorphic Group(Pt2 J), which are composed of lightly metamorphosed intermediate-basic volcanic rocks and sandy argillites. 2) Neoproterozoic strata of the Three-river Orogenic Belt are slightly metamorphosed at the end of the early Cambrian Period, resulting from the Xingkai Tafrogeny and characterized by sericite-chlorite grade metamorphism. 3) Among the Neoproterozoic strata in the Upper Yangtze Landmass, the Chengjiang(Qbc) and Luliang Formations(Qbl) belong to the Qingbaikou System; the Niutoushan Formation(Pt3 nt) belongs to the Qingbaikou-Nanhuan System; the Nantuo Formation(Nhn)belongs to the Nanhuan System; the Guanyinya(Z1 g), Doushantuo(Z1 d), and lower-middle Dengying(Z∈d)Formations belong to the Sinian System, 4) The Chengjiang Movement caused the weak angular unconformity between the Nantuo Formation(Nhn) and the underlying sandstone of the Chengjiang Formation(Qbc). 5)Neoproterozoic strata in the South China Landmass consist of the Pingbian Group(Pt3 P) and lower Langmuqiao Formation(Z∈l). Ice rafting sediments of the Pingbian Group and phosphatic sediments of the Langmuqiao Formation can be correlated, respectively, with glacial deposits of the Nantuo Formation(Nhn)and phosphorites of the Zhongyicun Member(Z∈Z) of the Dengying Formation in the Upper Yangtze Landmass.
Based on the Neoproterozoic strata, magmatic rocks, metamorphism, structures, mineral resources,and multi-scale regional geological mapping and solid mineral resources exploration, the Neoproterozoic characteristics and geohistory in Yunnan Province can be summarized as follows. 1) Neoproterozoic strata in the Three-river Orogenic Belt consist of the lower and middle Gongyanghe Group(Z∈G), Mengtong Group(ZM), and Nankenghe Formation(Znk), which are composed of lightly metamorphosed carbonate-bearing sandy argillites. They are significantly different from the Mesoproterozoic Lancang Metamorphic Group(Pt2 L)and Judian Metamorphic Group(Pt2 J), which are composed of lightly metamorphosed intermediate-basic volcanic rocks and sandy argillites. 2) Neoproterozoic strata of the Three-river Orogenic Belt are slightly metamorphosed at the end of the early Cambrian Period, resulting from the Xingkai Tafrogeny and characterized by sericite-chlorite grade metamorphism. 3) Among the Neoproterozoic strata in the Upper Yangtze Landmass, the Chengjiang(Qbc) and Luliang Formations(Qbl) belong to the Qingbaikou System; the Niutoushan Formation(Pt3 nt) belongs to the Qingbaikou-Nanhuan System; the Nantuo Formation(Nhn)belongs to the Nanhuan System; the Guanyinya(Z1 g), Doushantuo(Z1 d), and lower-middle Dengying(Z∈d)Formations belong to the Sinian System, 4) The Chengjiang Movement caused the weak angular unconformity between the Nantuo Formation(Nhn) and the underlying sandstone of the Chengjiang Formation(Qbc). 5)Neoproterozoic strata in the South China Landmass consist of the Pingbian Group(Pt3 P) and lower Langmuqiao Formation(Z∈l). Ice rafting sediments of the Pingbian Group and phosphatic sediments of the Langmuqiao Formation can be correlated, respectively, with glacial deposits of the Nantuo Formation(Nhn)and phosphorites of the Zhongyicun Member(Z∈Z) of the Dengying Formation in the Upper Yangtze Landmass.
引文
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程裕淇主编.1994.中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社.255-280.
崔晓庄,江新胜,王剑等.2013.滇中新元古代澄江组层型剖面锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义.现代地质,(3):547-556.
第四届全国地层会议.2014.中国地层表.地球学报,35(3):271-276.
樊隽轩,陈冬阳,侯旭东.2016.《国际年代地层表》(2016/04版)配色方案及其应用.地层学杂志,40(4):341-348.
江新胜,王剑,崔晓庄等.2012,滇中新元古代澄江组锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),42(10):1496-1507.
李昆琼.2002.滇西北石鼓片岩变质变形特征及其划分.云南地质,22(3):329-335.
李兴振,刘文均,王义昭等.1999.西南三江特提期构造演化与成矿(总论).北京:地质出版社.122-132.
李兴振,江新胜,孙志明等.2002.西南三江地区碰撞造山过程.北京:地质出版社.1-74.
罗惠麟.1985.云南西部寒武系的划分及生物群特征.地层学杂志,9(1):72-75.
任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤等.1980.中国大地构造及其演化.北京:科学出版社.1-124.
全国地层委员会.2001.中国区域年代地层(地质年代)表.地层学杂志,25(增刊):359-361.
沙绍礼,陈晓林,贾昙.2014.石鼓群的划分及变质特征探讨.云南地质,33(1):1-5.
王义昭,李兴林,段丽兰等.2000.三江地区南段大地构造与成矿.北京:地质出版社.86-101.
王泽传,朱延浙,严城民等.2017.云南地史与特提斯构造演化.昆明:云南科技出版社.10-25.82-106.
薛玺会,熊家镛,蔡麟孙等.1989.云南变质杂岩.昆明:云南科技出版社.17-69.
严城民,邓仁宏,赵云江.1998.滇西北维西地区地层的变质变形特征.中国区域地质,(增刊):143-146.
中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究所主编.1992.怒江-澜沧江-金沙江区域地层.北京:地质出版社.6-34.
云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.4-44.448-470.543-545.
云南省地质矿产局.1996.云南省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.8-100.