钝顶螺旋藻对“中科3号”异育银鲫生长、抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响
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摘要
试验以"中科3号"异育银鲫为研究对象,在基础饲料中添加0%、0.8%、1.6%、3.2%的钝顶螺旋藻,投喂初始体重为(102.08±0.38)g的异育银鲫60 d,研究添加不同水平钝顶螺旋藻对异育银鲫血浆及肝胰脏生理生化、抗氧化、消化酶指标的影响。结果表明,最终体重、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率随添加量的增加呈上升趋势,其中1.6%、3.2%组最终体重、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率显著高于0%组,饵料系数、肥满度和肝体比方面各试验组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组间血红蛋白、红细胞总数、白细胞总数、中性粒细胞总数、中间细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数、淋巴细胞比率、中间细胞比率、中性粒细胞比率、红细胞压积等生理指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组间对异育银鲫血浆及肝胰脏的T-AOC和GSH-Px活力无显著影响(P>0.05);随着钝顶螺旋藻添加量的增大,异育银鲫血浆及肝胰脏的T-SOD及CAT活力显著高于0%添加组(P<0.05),肝胰脏中GOT和GPT活性显著降低(P<0.05);钝顶螺旋藻添加水平在3.2%时,血浆中丙二醛含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),血浆及肝胰脏中AKP活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。肠道蛋白酶活力随添加量的增加而增加,3.2%组显著高于0%组(P<0.05),在1.6%、3.2%组脂肪酶活力显著低于0%、0.8%组(P<0.05)。由此得出,钝顶螺旋藻添加量在3.2%时效果明显,在一定程度上可以提高异育银鲫的生长、抗氧化机能,消化酶活性、增强非特异性免疫力,并起到保护肝胰脏的效果。
The experiment was conducted with Allogynogeneticgibel carp "CAS Ⅲ", and 0%, 0.8%,1.6%, 3.2% of Spirulina platensis was added to the basal diet, the initial body weight was(102.08±0.38) g. The effects of different levels of Spirulina platensis on the physiological and biochemical, antioxidant and digestive enzymes of blood and liver of gibel carp were studied. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency increased with the increase of the addition amount, and the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of 1.6% and 3.2%were significantly higher than 0%. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups in the feed coefficient, the fatness and the liver-to-body ratio(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in physiological indexes such as hemoglobin, total number of red blood cells, total number of white blood cells, total number of neutrophils, total number of intermediate cells, total number of lymphocytes, lymphocyte ratio, intermediate cell ratio, neutrophil ratio, and hematocrit among the test groups(P>0.05). Adding different levels of Spirulina platensis had no significant effect on TAOC and GSH-Px activity in blood and liver of crucian carp(P>0.05). T-SOD and CAT activity in blood and liver of crucian carp was significantly higher than 0%(P<0.05), and GOT and GPT activity in liver was significantly lower(P<0.05). When the addition level of Spirulina platensis was 3.2%,MDA content in blood decreased significantly(P<0.05) and AKP activity increased significantly(P<0.05). The activity of intestinal protease increased with the increase of the addition amount, 3.2% group was significantly higher than 0%(P<0.05), and the lipase activity in 1.6% and 3.2% group was significantly lower than 0% and 0.8%(P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of Spirulina platensis at 3.2% is effective, which can improve the growth, antioxidant function, digestive enzyme activity, enhance non-specific immunity of the gibel carp, and protect the liver to a certain extent, enhance nonspecific immunity and protect liver.
The experiment was conducted with Allogynogeneticgibel carp "CAS Ⅲ", and 0%, 0.8%,1.6%, 3.2% of Spirulina platensis was added to the basal diet, the initial body weight was(102.08±0.38) g. The effects of different levels of Spirulina platensis on the physiological and biochemical, antioxidant and digestive enzymes of blood and liver of gibel carp were studied. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency increased with the increase of the addition amount, and the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of 1.6% and 3.2%were significantly higher than 0%. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups in the feed coefficient, the fatness and the liver-to-body ratio(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in physiological indexes such as hemoglobin, total number of red blood cells, total number of white blood cells, total number of neutrophils, total number of intermediate cells, total number of lymphocytes, lymphocyte ratio, intermediate cell ratio, neutrophil ratio, and hematocrit among the test groups(P>0.05). Adding different levels of Spirulina platensis had no significant effect on TAOC and GSH-Px activity in blood and liver of crucian carp(P>0.05). T-SOD and CAT activity in blood and liver of crucian carp was significantly higher than 0%(P<0.05), and GOT and GPT activity in liver was significantly lower(P<0.05). When the addition level of Spirulina platensis was 3.2%,MDA content in blood decreased significantly(P<0.05) and AKP activity increased significantly(P<0.05). The activity of intestinal protease increased with the increase of the addition amount, 3.2% group was significantly higher than 0%(P<0.05), and the lipase activity in 1.6% and 3.2% group was significantly lower than 0% and 0.8%(P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of Spirulina platensis at 3.2% is effective, which can improve the growth, antioxidant function, digestive enzyme activity, enhance non-specific immunity of the gibel carp, and protect the liver to a certain extent, enhance nonspecific immunity and protect liver.
引文
[1]沈立,郝卓然.异育银鲫“中科3号”对盐度和碳酸盐碱度的耐受性[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(5):445-452.
[2]吴琴瑟.螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用[J].湛江水产学院学报,1994(2):76-80.
[3]刘惠芳.螺旋藻在饲料工业中的应用[J].动物科学与动物医学,2001(2):62-65.
[4]王启伦.钝顶螺旋藻喂养鱼苗试验初报[J].淡水渔业,1987(1):39,36.
[5]刘艳辉,李凤龙.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].广东饲料,1998(5):19-20.
[6]陈金娥.螺旋藻的开发与应用[J].食品研究与开发,2007(9):154-157.
[7]ToshimitsuKato,MasahiroSakai.Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp,Cyprinus carpio[J].Aquaculture,2006(1):258.
[8]李全顺,贾庆舒.螺旋藻的生物特性及其应用价值[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2006(2):122-125.
[9]沈子伟,郭建林.螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用[J].饲料博览(技术版),2007(2):43-45.
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[13]李羚,高云涛,戴云,等.螺旋藻及螺旋藻多糖体外清除活性氧及抗氧化作用研究[J].化学与生物工程,2007(3):55-57.
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[15]曹颖莉,崔荣军,赵漩.螺旋藻多糖对老龄小鼠脑和肝中SOD、MDA的影响[J].中国初级卫生保健,2003,17(4):68-69.
[16]赵飞艳.钝顶螺旋藻两个生态种多糖的免疫抗氧化功能的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[17]吕子君,陈平原,李正光,等.螺旋藻对海南长臀鮠抗氧化和脂代谢指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(14):24-27.
[18]吕子君,王超,谢少林,等.不同添加水平螺旋藻对乌鬃鹅免疫器官和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(1):36-40.
[19]Thaakur S R,Jyothi B.Effect of Spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats[J].Neural Transm,2007,114(9):1217-1242.
[20]高举,赵欣平,詹付凤,等.铅对鲫鱼碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].四川动物,2008(2):201-204.
[21]王桢璐,李正光,谢少林,等.饲料中添加螺旋藻对三角鲤肌肉营养及部分免疫指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(6):7-11.
[22]姜志强,石洪玥,崔培,等.不同蛋白水平的螺旋藻饲料对锦鲤体色、生长及免疫的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012(3):95-103.
[23]董学兴,吕林兰,王爱民,等.螺旋藻对异育银鲫血液生理指标和非特异性免疫的影响[J].水利渔业,2008(2):37-38.
[24]丁晶晶,金安娜,施丽丽,等.螺旋藻对慢性肝损伤小鼠肝组织抗氧化能力的影响[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):343-348.
[25]石西.小球藻粉在鲫配合饲料中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[26]公绪鹏,李宝山.饲料蛋白质和能量含量对云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及消化酶活力的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2018,39(2):85-95.
[27]宁博.四种鱼消化生理及部分生理生化指标的研究[D].天津:天津农学院,2012.
[28]唐理舟.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].粮食与饲料工业,1998(6):26-27.
[2]吴琴瑟.螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用[J].湛江水产学院学报,1994(2):76-80.
[3]刘惠芳.螺旋藻在饲料工业中的应用[J].动物科学与动物医学,2001(2):62-65.
[4]王启伦.钝顶螺旋藻喂养鱼苗试验初报[J].淡水渔业,1987(1):39,36.
[5]刘艳辉,李凤龙.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].广东饲料,1998(5):19-20.
[6]陈金娥.螺旋藻的开发与应用[J].食品研究与开发,2007(9):154-157.
[7]ToshimitsuKato,MasahiroSakai.Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp,Cyprinus carpio[J].Aquaculture,2006(1):258.
[8]李全顺,贾庆舒.螺旋藻的生物特性及其应用价值[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2006(2):122-125.
[9]沈子伟,郭建林.螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用[J].饲料博览(技术版),2007(2):43-45.
[10]吕子君.钝顶螺旋藻对海南长臀鮠生长、营养、消化和免疫的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[11]沈子伟.螺旋藻在水产动物养殖中的应用[J].河北渔业,2006(12):8-9,25.
[12]韦公远.螺旋藻在水产养殖上的应用[J].北京水产,2004(1):41.
[13]李羚,高云涛,戴云,等.螺旋藻及螺旋藻多糖体外清除活性氧及抗氧化作用研究[J].化学与生物工程,2007(3):55-57.
[14]左绍远.螺旋藻多糖对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1998,19(1):15.
[15]曹颖莉,崔荣军,赵漩.螺旋藻多糖对老龄小鼠脑和肝中SOD、MDA的影响[J].中国初级卫生保健,2003,17(4):68-69.
[16]赵飞艳.钝顶螺旋藻两个生态种多糖的免疫抗氧化功能的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[17]吕子君,陈平原,李正光,等.螺旋藻对海南长臀鮠抗氧化和脂代谢指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(14):24-27.
[18]吕子君,王超,谢少林,等.不同添加水平螺旋藻对乌鬃鹅免疫器官和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(1):36-40.
[19]Thaakur S R,Jyothi B.Effect of Spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats[J].Neural Transm,2007,114(9):1217-1242.
[20]高举,赵欣平,詹付凤,等.铅对鲫鱼碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].四川动物,2008(2):201-204.
[21]王桢璐,李正光,谢少林,等.饲料中添加螺旋藻对三角鲤肌肉营养及部分免疫指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(6):7-11.
[22]姜志强,石洪玥,崔培,等.不同蛋白水平的螺旋藻饲料对锦鲤体色、生长及免疫的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012(3):95-103.
[23]董学兴,吕林兰,王爱民,等.螺旋藻对异育银鲫血液生理指标和非特异性免疫的影响[J].水利渔业,2008(2):37-38.
[24]丁晶晶,金安娜,施丽丽,等.螺旋藻对慢性肝损伤小鼠肝组织抗氧化能力的影响[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):343-348.
[25]石西.小球藻粉在鲫配合饲料中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[26]公绪鹏,李宝山.饲料蛋白质和能量含量对云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及消化酶活力的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2018,39(2):85-95.
[27]宁博.四种鱼消化生理及部分生理生化指标的研究[D].天津:天津农学院,2012.
[28]唐理舟.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].粮食与饲料工业,1998(6):26-27.
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