时效过程中ω相辅助α相形核及α相对Ti-1300合金力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和显微硬度仪等技术对Ti-1300合金不同热处理工艺的试样进行了观察与表征,研究Ti-1300合金的ω相对时效过程中β→α相转变及微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理的试样以4℃/min的速率加热到350℃保温10 min,随后加热到500℃保温4 h,析出α相的平均尺寸(长度)为54 nm;而直接在500℃保温4 h析出α相的平均尺寸(长度)为202 nm。将固溶后的试样随炉加热(4℃/min)到350℃,b相中只有ω相析出;加热到400℃时,在组织中发现了α相依附ω相形核现象,加热到500℃保温4h时,ω相消失,合金获得极为细小均匀的a相。时效过程中析出的α相对合金的硬化作用比ω相的更为显著。
The microstructures of the aged samples after solution treatment ωith different aging treatments ωere observed and characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. The effects of ω phase on the β→α phase transformation and microstructures on Ti-1300 alloy ωere also studied. The results shoω that the average size(length) of precipitated α phase is 54 nm after being heated at 350 ℃ for 10 min and then being heated at 500 ℃ for 4 h. The average size(length) of the α phase is 202 nm ωhen the sample is directly held at 500 ℃ for 4 h. Only nanoscale ω phase ωere observed in the sample being heated to 350 ℃ at the rate of 4 ℃/min, ωhile α phase nucleation attached to ω phase ωas observed in the sample ωhich is heated to 400 ℃. When the sample is heated continuously to 500 ℃ and held for 4 h, ω phase disappeared and very fine uniform α precipitates are obtained in the microstructure. The hardening effect of α phase is stronger than that of ω phase.
The microstructures of the aged samples after solution treatment ωith different aging treatments ωere observed and characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. The effects of ω phase on the β→α phase transformation and microstructures on Ti-1300 alloy ωere also studied. The results shoω that the average size(length) of precipitated α phase is 54 nm after being heated at 350 ℃ for 10 min and then being heated at 500 ℃ for 4 h. The average size(length) of the α phase is 202 nm ωhen the sample is directly held at 500 ℃ for 4 h. Only nanoscale ω phase ωere observed in the sample being heated to 350 ℃ at the rate of 4 ℃/min, ωhile α phase nucleation attached to ω phase ωas observed in the sample ωhich is heated to 400 ℃. When the sample is heated continuously to 500 ℃ and held for 4 h, ω phase disappeared and very fine uniform α precipitates are obtained in the microstructure. The hardening effect of α phase is stronger than that of ω phase.
引文
[1]赵永庆,陈永楠,张学敏,曾卫东,王磊.钛合金相变及热处理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.ZHAO Yong-qing,CHEN Yong-nan,ZHANG Xue-min,ZENG Wei-dong,WANG Lei.Phase transformation and heat treatment of titanium alloys[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012.
[2]ZHANG X F,KIM K B,YI S.Effect of martensiticωphase on mechanical properties of Ti100-xCox alloys with x=5,7 and9[J].Intermetallics,2010,18(4):725-729.
[3]TAKEMOTO Y,HIDA M,SAKAKIBARA A.Mechanism of omega approaching alpha transformation in beta-Ti alloy[J].Japan Institute of Metals,Journal,1993,57(3):261-267.
[4]AZIMZADEH S,RACK H J.Phase transformations in Ti-6.8Mo4.5Fe1.5Al[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1998,29(10):2455-2467.
[5]HICKMAN B S.The formation of omega phase in titanium and zirconium alloys:A review[J].Journal of Materials Science,1969,4(6):554-563.
[6]PRIMA F,VERMAUT P,TEXIER G,Ansel D,GLORIàNTT.Evidence ofα-nanophase heterogeneous nucleation fromωparticles in aβ-metastable Ti-based alloy by highresolution electron microscopy[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,54(4):645-648.
[7]OHMORI Y,OGO T,NAKAI K,KOBAYASHI S.Effects ofω-phase precipitation onβ→α,??transformations in a metastableβtitanium alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2001,312(1/2):182-188.
[8]NAG S,BANERJEE R,SRINIVASAN R,HWANG J Y,HARPER M,FRASER H L.ω-assisted nucleation and growth ofαprecipitates in the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-0.5 Feβtitanium alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(7):2136-2147.
[9]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,DARGUSCH M S,CAIMEY J M.The mechanism ofω-assistedαphase formation in nearβ-Ti alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2015,104:75-78.
[10]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,STEPHENSON L T,CEGUERRA AV,RINGER S P,DARGUSCH M S,CAIMEY J M.New insights into the phase transformations to isothermalωandω-assistedαin nearβ-Ti alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,106:353-366.
[11]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,CAIMEY J M,DARGUSCH M S.The role ofωin the precipitation ofαin near-βTi alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,117:92-95.
[12]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,SOSA J M,WANG Y,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The role of theωphase on the non-classical precipitation of theαphase in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,111:81-84.
[13]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,WANG D,SHI R,NAG S,KAMI P,SOSA J M,BANERJEE R,WANG Y,FRASER HL.Role ofωphase in the formation of extremely refined intragranularαprecipitates in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,103:850-858.
[14]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,SOSA J M,WANG Y,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The indirect influence of theωphase on the degree of refinement of distributions of theαphase in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,103:165-173.
[15]ZHENG Y,CHOUDHURI D,ALAM T,WILLIAMS R E A,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The role of cuboidalωprecipitates onαprecipitation in a Ti-20V alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,123:81-85.
[16]万明攀.Ti-1300合金室温变形与组织演变研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2015:1-14.WAN Min-pan.Study on deformation at room temperature and microstructure evolution of Ti-1300 alloy[D].Xi′an:Northwest University of Technology,2015:1-14.
[17]WILLIAMS J C,BLACKBURN M J.The influence of misfit on the morphology and stability of the omega phase in titanium transition metal alloys[R].North American Rockwell Science Center,Thousand Oaks,Calif,1969.
[18]XU T W,ZHANG S S,ZHANG F S,KOU H C,LI J S.Effect ofω-assisted precipitation onβ→αtransformation and tensile properties of Ti-15Mo-2.7 Nb-3Al-0.2 Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,654:249-255.
[19]张志超,金头男,赵永庆,常雷,王二平.近β型Ti-1300合金的显微组织分析[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(8):2115-2122.ZHANG Zhi-chao,JIN Tou-nan,ZHAO Yong-qing,CHANG Lei,WANG Er-ping.Microstructure analysis of nearβTi-1300 alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(8):2115-2122.
[20]张珍宣,雷旻,万明攀,马瑞.压应力下Ti-1300合金ω相变研究[J].稀有金属材料与程,2014,46(11):3277-3281.ZHANG Zhen-xuan,LEI Min,WAN Ming-pan,MA Rui.ωphase transformation of Ti-1300 alloy under compressive stress[J].Rare Meal Materials and Engineering,2014,46(11):3277-3281.
[21]张翥,王群骄,莫畏.钛的金属学和热处理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.ZHANG Zhu,WANG Qun-jiao,MO Wei.Metallurgy and heat-treatment of titanium[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009.
[22]JONES N G,DASHWOOD R J,JACKSON M,DYE D.βPhase decomposition in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(13):3830-3839.
[23]HE B,CHENG X,LI J,LI G C,WANG H M.ω-assistedαphase and hardness of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe during low temperature isothermal heat treatment after laser surface remelting[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,708:1054-1062.
[2]ZHANG X F,KIM K B,YI S.Effect of martensiticωphase on mechanical properties of Ti100-xCox alloys with x=5,7 and9[J].Intermetallics,2010,18(4):725-729.
[3]TAKEMOTO Y,HIDA M,SAKAKIBARA A.Mechanism of omega approaching alpha transformation in beta-Ti alloy[J].Japan Institute of Metals,Journal,1993,57(3):261-267.
[4]AZIMZADEH S,RACK H J.Phase transformations in Ti-6.8Mo4.5Fe1.5Al[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1998,29(10):2455-2467.
[5]HICKMAN B S.The formation of omega phase in titanium and zirconium alloys:A review[J].Journal of Materials Science,1969,4(6):554-563.
[6]PRIMA F,VERMAUT P,TEXIER G,Ansel D,GLORIàNTT.Evidence ofα-nanophase heterogeneous nucleation fromωparticles in aβ-metastable Ti-based alloy by highresolution electron microscopy[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,54(4):645-648.
[7]OHMORI Y,OGO T,NAKAI K,KOBAYASHI S.Effects ofω-phase precipitation onβ→α,??transformations in a metastableβtitanium alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2001,312(1/2):182-188.
[8]NAG S,BANERJEE R,SRINIVASAN R,HWANG J Y,HARPER M,FRASER H L.ω-assisted nucleation and growth ofαprecipitates in the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-0.5 Feβtitanium alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(7):2136-2147.
[9]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,DARGUSCH M S,CAIMEY J M.The mechanism ofω-assistedαphase formation in nearβ-Ti alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2015,104:75-78.
[10]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,STEPHENSON L T,CEGUERRA AV,RINGER S P,DARGUSCH M S,CAIMEY J M.New insights into the phase transformations to isothermalωandω-assistedαin nearβ-Ti alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,106:353-366.
[11]LI T,KENT D,SHA G,CAIMEY J M,DARGUSCH M S.The role ofωin the precipitation ofαin near-βTi alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,117:92-95.
[12]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,SOSA J M,WANG Y,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The role of theωphase on the non-classical precipitation of theαphase in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,111:81-84.
[13]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,WANG D,SHI R,NAG S,KAMI P,SOSA J M,BANERJEE R,WANG Y,FRASER HL.Role ofωphase in the formation of extremely refined intragranularαprecipitates in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,103:850-858.
[14]ZHENG Y,WILLIANMS R E A,SOSA J M,WANG Y,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The indirect influence of theωphase on the degree of refinement of distributions of theαphase in metastableβ-titanium alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,103:165-173.
[15]ZHENG Y,CHOUDHURI D,ALAM T,WILLIAMS R E A,BANERJEE R,FRASER H L.The role of cuboidalωprecipitates onαprecipitation in a Ti-20V alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,123:81-85.
[16]万明攀.Ti-1300合金室温变形与组织演变研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2015:1-14.WAN Min-pan.Study on deformation at room temperature and microstructure evolution of Ti-1300 alloy[D].Xi′an:Northwest University of Technology,2015:1-14.
[17]WILLIAMS J C,BLACKBURN M J.The influence of misfit on the morphology and stability of the omega phase in titanium transition metal alloys[R].North American Rockwell Science Center,Thousand Oaks,Calif,1969.
[18]XU T W,ZHANG S S,ZHANG F S,KOU H C,LI J S.Effect ofω-assisted precipitation onβ→αtransformation and tensile properties of Ti-15Mo-2.7 Nb-3Al-0.2 Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,654:249-255.
[19]张志超,金头男,赵永庆,常雷,王二平.近β型Ti-1300合金的显微组织分析[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(8):2115-2122.ZHANG Zhi-chao,JIN Tou-nan,ZHAO Yong-qing,CHANG Lei,WANG Er-ping.Microstructure analysis of nearβTi-1300 alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(8):2115-2122.
[20]张珍宣,雷旻,万明攀,马瑞.压应力下Ti-1300合金ω相变研究[J].稀有金属材料与程,2014,46(11):3277-3281.ZHANG Zhen-xuan,LEI Min,WAN Ming-pan,MA Rui.ωphase transformation of Ti-1300 alloy under compressive stress[J].Rare Meal Materials and Engineering,2014,46(11):3277-3281.
[21]张翥,王群骄,莫畏.钛的金属学和热处理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.ZHANG Zhu,WANG Qun-jiao,MO Wei.Metallurgy and heat-treatment of titanium[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009.
[22]JONES N G,DASHWOOD R J,JACKSON M,DYE D.βPhase decomposition in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(13):3830-3839.
[23]HE B,CHENG X,LI J,LI G C,WANG H M.ω-assistedαphase and hardness of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe during low temperature isothermal heat treatment after laser surface remelting[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,708:1054-1062.