庐山毛竹扩张及模拟氮沉降对土壤N_2O和CO_2排放的影响
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摘要
毛竹是我国南方广泛分布的一种典型的森林资源,其扩张已引发了多方面的生态问题,但是目前关于氮沉降背景下毛竹扩张引起的土壤N_2O和CO_2气体排放变化的研究甚少,且无原位观测数据。采用静态箱-气相色谱法,分析江西庐山毛竹纯林、毛竹扩张形成的毛竹-日本柳杉混交林及日本柳杉纯林3种林分土壤的N_2O和CO_2排放速率和累积排放量及其对模拟氮沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)混交林土壤的NH_4~+-N含量、NO_3~--N含量及pH分别为14.39mg·kg~(-1)、8.65mg·kg~(-1)、4.88,显著高于日本柳杉纯林的9.75 mg·kg~(-1)、5.58 mg·kg~(-1)、4.05,但是混交林土壤DOC含量(236.5 mg·kg~(-1))却显著低于日本柳杉纯林(382.0mg·kg~(-1))。(2)混交林土壤N_2O累积排放量(393.6mg·m~(-2))显著高于毛竹纯林(202.5mg·m~(-2))和日本柳杉纯林(192.8mg·m~(-2)),混交林土壤CO_2累积排放量(4 655 g·m~(-2))显著高于日本柳杉纯林(2 815 g·m~(-2))。(3)模拟氮沉降未对3种林分类型土壤的CO_2排放速率和累积排放量产生显著影响,但明显增加了混交林和日本柳杉纯林的N_2O累积排放量。本研究表明:毛竹扩张不同阶段土壤的理化性质、N_2O及CO_2排放表现出不同特征。毛竹扩张过程中一定程度上增大了土壤N_2O和CO_2的排放量,但是完全扩张后N_2O排放出现明显下降趋势,而CO_2的排放未发生显著变化。同时,氮沉降促进了毛竹未扩张和扩张初期土壤的N_2O排放,而对CO_2排放未产生显著影响。表明在未来气候变化条件下管理亚热带毛竹扩张时,必须明确考虑这些生态系统组成、结构和影响因子之间的影响。
【Objective】Moso bamboo is a typical type of forest resource widely distributed in South China. Its expansion, however, has caused a number of ecological problems, especially emission of soil N_2 O and CO_2 in the groves as affected by nitrogen deposition, which has rarely any research papers, let alone insitu field observation data.【Method】In this study, the static chamber technique was used to monitor N_2 O and CO_2 emission rates, cumulative N_2 O and CO_2 emissions and their responses to simulated nitrogen deposition in pure moso bamboo forest, moso bamboo-Japanese cedar mixed forest and pure Japanese cedar forest in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province.【Result】Results show:(1) the content of NH_4~+-N, content of NO_3~--N,and pH in the mixed forest soil was 14.39 mg·kg~(-1), 8.65 mg·kg~(-1), and 4.88, respectively, significantly higher than their respective ones in the Japanese cedar forest soil(i.e. 9.75 mg·kg~(-1), 5.58 mg·kg~(-1) and 4.05), but the former(236.5 mg·kg~(-1)) was much lower than the latter(382.0 mg·kg~(-1)) in DOC content;(2) the cumulative N_2 O emission in the mixed forest(393.6 mg·m~(-2)) was significantly higher than that in the moso bamboo forest(202.5 mg·m~(-2)) and that in the Japanese cedar(192.8 mg·m~(-2)), while the cumulative CO_2 emission in the mixed forest(4 655 g·m~(-2)) was significantly higher than that in the Japanese cedar forest(2 815 g·m~(-2)); and(3) simulated nitrogen deposition had no significant effect on CO_2 emission rate and cumulative CO_2 emission in the three types of forest soils, but significantly increased cumulative N_2 O emission in the Japanese cedar forest soil and mixed forest soil. 【Conclusion】All the findings indicate that the soils varied in physicochemical property and N_2 O and CO_2 emission characteristics with the expansion of moso bamboo. Expansion of moso bamboo did increase N_2 O and CO_2 emission from the soils to a certain extent. However, when the expansion completed, like in the moso bamboo forest, emissions of N_2 O decreased significantly, while emission of CO_2 did not change much. Meanwhile, nitrogen deposition promoted N_2 O emission from the Japanese cedar forest soil(no bamboo intruding) and the mixed forest soil(early stage of moso bamboo expansion), but had no significant effect on CO_2 emission. It is, therefore, suggested that in management of moso bamboo expansion in subtropical China under future meteorological conditions, it is essential to take into account effects of composition and structure of the ecosystem and other various affecting factors.
【Objective】Moso bamboo is a typical type of forest resource widely distributed in South China. Its expansion, however, has caused a number of ecological problems, especially emission of soil N_2 O and CO_2 in the groves as affected by nitrogen deposition, which has rarely any research papers, let alone insitu field observation data.【Method】In this study, the static chamber technique was used to monitor N_2 O and CO_2 emission rates, cumulative N_2 O and CO_2 emissions and their responses to simulated nitrogen deposition in pure moso bamboo forest, moso bamboo-Japanese cedar mixed forest and pure Japanese cedar forest in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province.【Result】Results show:(1) the content of NH_4~+-N, content of NO_3~--N,and pH in the mixed forest soil was 14.39 mg·kg~(-1), 8.65 mg·kg~(-1), and 4.88, respectively, significantly higher than their respective ones in the Japanese cedar forest soil(i.e. 9.75 mg·kg~(-1), 5.58 mg·kg~(-1) and 4.05), but the former(236.5 mg·kg~(-1)) was much lower than the latter(382.0 mg·kg~(-1)) in DOC content;(2) the cumulative N_2 O emission in the mixed forest(393.6 mg·m~(-2)) was significantly higher than that in the moso bamboo forest(202.5 mg·m~(-2)) and that in the Japanese cedar(192.8 mg·m~(-2)), while the cumulative CO_2 emission in the mixed forest(4 655 g·m~(-2)) was significantly higher than that in the Japanese cedar forest(2 815 g·m~(-2)); and(3) simulated nitrogen deposition had no significant effect on CO_2 emission rate and cumulative CO_2 emission in the three types of forest soils, but significantly increased cumulative N_2 O emission in the Japanese cedar forest soil and mixed forest soil. 【Conclusion】All the findings indicate that the soils varied in physicochemical property and N_2 O and CO_2 emission characteristics with the expansion of moso bamboo. Expansion of moso bamboo did increase N_2 O and CO_2 emission from the soils to a certain extent. However, when the expansion completed, like in the moso bamboo forest, emissions of N_2 O decreased significantly, while emission of CO_2 did not change much. Meanwhile, nitrogen deposition promoted N_2 O emission from the Japanese cedar forest soil(no bamboo intruding) and the mixed forest soil(early stage of moso bamboo expansion), but had no significant effect on CO_2 emission. It is, therefore, suggested that in management of moso bamboo expansion in subtropical China under future meteorological conditions, it is essential to take into account effects of composition and structure of the ecosystem and other various affecting factors.
引文
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[2]Zhang L,Wang S,Liu S,et al.Perennial forb invasions alter greenhouse gas balance between ecosystem and atmosphere in an annual grassland in China.Science of the Total Environment,2018,642:781-788
[3]梁月明,苏以荣,张伟,等.桂西北不同植被恢复阶段土壤氨氧化细菌遗传多样性研究.土壤学报,2013,50(2):364-371L i a n g Y M,Su Y R,Zhang W,et al.Genetic diversities of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at various vegetation restoration stages in southwest Guangxi(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(2):364-371
[4]郭曼,郑粉莉,和文祥,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限植被多样性变化及其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.土壤学报,2010,47(5):979-986Guo M,Zheng F L,He W X,et al.Variation of vegetation diversity and its relationship with soil nutrient and enzyme activity in lands of different abandoned years in the loess hilly-gully region(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(5):979-986
[5]Zhang L,Zhang Y,Zou J.et al.Decomposition of Phragmites australis litter retarded by invasive Solidago canadensis in mixtures:An antagonistic non-additive effect.Scientific Reports,2014,DOI:10.1038/screp05488
[6]Xu Q F,Jiang P K,Wu J S,et al.Bamboo invasion of native broadleaf forest modified soil microbial communities and diversity.Biological Invasions,2015,17:433-444
[7]Ramirez K S,Craine J M,Fierer N.Consistent effects of nitrogen amendments on soil microbial communities and processes across biomes.Global Change Biology,2012,18(6):1918-1927
[8]顾雪峰,黄玫,张远东,等.1961.2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究.生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600Gu X F,Huang M,Zhang Y D,et al.Modeling the temporal-spatial patterns of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China during 1961-2010(In Chinese).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3591-3600
[9]Mo J,Zhang W,Zhu W,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a mature tropical forest in southern China.Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412
[10]Song Q N,Ouyang M,Yang Q P,et al.Degradation of litter quality and decline of soil nitrogen mineralization after moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubscens)invasion to neighboring broadleaved forest in subtropical China.Plant and Soil,2016,404(1/2):113-124
[11]Li Y,Li Y F,Chang S X,et al.Bamboo invasion of broadleaf forests altered soil fungal community closely linked to changes in soil organic C chemical composition and mineral N production.Plant and Soil,2017,418(1/2):507-521
[12]Wu C S,Mo Q F,Wang H K.et al.Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis(Carriere)J.Houzeau)invasion affects soil phosphorus dynamics in adjacent coniferous forests in subtropical China.Annals of Forest Science,2018,75:24.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0703-0
[13]沈蕊,白尚斌,周国模,等.毛竹种群向针阔林扩张的根系形态可塑性.生态学报,2016,36(2):326-334Shen R,Bai S B,Zhou G M,et al.The response of root morphological plasticity to the expansion of a population of Phyllostachys edulis into a mixed needleand broad-leaved forest.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(2):326-334
[14]赵雨虹,范少辉,罗嘉东.毛竹扩张对常绿阔叶林土壤性质的影响及相关分析.林业科学研究,2017,30(2):354-359Zhao Y H,Fan S H,Luo J D.The influence of Phyllostachys edulis expanding into evergreen broadleaf forest on soil property and its related analysis(In Chinese).Forest Research,2017,30(2):354-359
[15]Qin H,Niu L M,Wu Q F.et al.Bamboo forest expansion increases soil organic carbon through its effect on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community and abundance.Plant and Soil,2017,420:407-421
[16]Li Z,Zhang L,Deng B,Liu Y,et al.Effects of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)invasions on soil nitrogen cycles depend on invasion stage and warming.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(32):24989-24999
[17]欧阳明,杨清培,陈昕,等.毛竹扩张对次生常绿阔叶林物种组成、结构与多样性的影响.生物多样性,2016,24(6):649-657Ouyang M,Yang Q P,Chen X,et al.Effects of the expansion of Phyllostachys edulis on species composition,structure and diversity of the secondary evergreen broad-leaved f o r e s t s(I n Chinese).Biodiversity Science,2016,24(6):649-657
[18]廖丽琴,刘苑秋,孔凡前,等.庐山冬季土壤动物群落及功能群对毛竹扩张的响应.江西农业大学学报,2017,39(4):721-730Liao L Q,Liu Y Q,Kong F Q,et al.Response of soil fauna community and function groups to moso bamboo expansion in winter in Lushan Mountain(In Chinese).Acta Agriculturae Universi t a t i s Jiangxiensis,2017,39(4):721-730
[19]刘信中,王琅,等.江西省庐山自然保护区生物多样性考察与研究.北京:科学出版社,2010Liu X Z,Wang L,et al.Investigation and research on biodiversity science of Lushan nature reserve in Jiangxi Province(In Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2010
[20]熊正琴,张晓旭.氮肥高效施用在低碳农业中的关键作用.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1433-1440Xiong Z Q,Zhang X X.Key role of efficient nitrogen application in low carbon agriculture(In Chinese).Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(6):1433-1440
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis(In Chinese).3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999
[22]Jiang Y M,Chen C G,Liu Y Q,et al.Soil soluble organic carbon and nitrogen pools under mono-and mixed species forest ecosystems in subtropical China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10:1071-1081
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