气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化
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摘要
为了提高气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能,采用离散元分析的方法,对种层高度、振动频率、振动角度分别进行数值模拟,结果表明:在相同条件下提升种层高度,可以增长充种区弧长,增加充种时间,降低排种器的漏充率;振动频率增加,种子平均法向应力方差增大,即对种子的扰动性增强;合适的振动角度可以有效提高供种高度。减小内摩擦、增强种群扰动性、提高供种高度均可有效提高排种器充种性能。为寻找最佳参数组合,以郑单958玉米种子为播种对象,采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法,对排种器进行了排种性能试验,建立了种层高度、振动频率、振动角度3个主要因素与合格率、漏播率、重播率的数学模型,分析了各个因素及交互作用对合格率的影响规律,并进行了参数优化与验证试验。当最佳参数组合为振动角度45°,振动频率116~122 Hz,种层高度96~117 mm时,合格率大于90%,漏播率小于5%,重播率小于5%。经试验验证,试验结果与分析结果基本一致。试验结果表明该气吸滚筒式精密排种器对于玉米种子具有很好的播种适应性。
In order to improve the filling performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction,the numerical simulation on the height of seeds layer,the vibration frequency and the angle of vibration were carried out with method of discrete element analysis. The results showed that the arc length in the area of filling seeds and the time of filling seeds can be increased through increasing the height of seeds layer. The leakage rate can also be reduced under the same conditions; the mean value of normal stress was increased with the increase of vibration frequency,which meant that the disturbance to the seeds can be enhanced; the proper vibration angle can increase the height of filling seeds effectively. The filling performance of the seeds metering device can be improved effectively by reducing the internal friction force,enhancing the disturbance of the populations and increasing the height of filling seeds. Maize seeds( Zhengdan 958) were taken as research materials in order to determine the optimal combination of parameters. The seeding performance of metering device was studied through the quadratic rotationorthogonal combination experiment. The height of seeds layer,the vibration frequency and the vibration angle were taken as main factors. The qualified rate,leak seeding rate and the re-seeding rate were taken as indexes. The mathematical model between three factors and the indexes was built. The effect of each factor on the qualified rate was analyzed and optimized parameters were tested. The effect of factors on the qualified seeding rate in primary sequence was the negative pressure,forward speed and angle of seeds suction. The optimal parameters were obtained. The qualified rate was above 90%,the leak seeding rate was lower than 5% and the re-seeding rate was also lower than 5%,when the vibration angle was 45°,the vibration frequency was 116 ~ 122 Hz and the height of seeds layer was 96 ~ 117 mm. The results of the verified experiment were consistent with optimal results. Conclusions can be drawn that the seed metering device with roller of air-suction had good adaptability to maize seeds. References for thedesign of the maize seeds metering device with roller of air-suction can be provided.
In order to improve the filling performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction,the numerical simulation on the height of seeds layer,the vibration frequency and the angle of vibration were carried out with method of discrete element analysis. The results showed that the arc length in the area of filling seeds and the time of filling seeds can be increased through increasing the height of seeds layer. The leakage rate can also be reduced under the same conditions; the mean value of normal stress was increased with the increase of vibration frequency,which meant that the disturbance to the seeds can be enhanced; the proper vibration angle can increase the height of filling seeds effectively. The filling performance of the seeds metering device can be improved effectively by reducing the internal friction force,enhancing the disturbance of the populations and increasing the height of filling seeds. Maize seeds( Zhengdan 958) were taken as research materials in order to determine the optimal combination of parameters. The seeding performance of metering device was studied through the quadratic rotationorthogonal combination experiment. The height of seeds layer,the vibration frequency and the vibration angle were taken as main factors. The qualified rate,leak seeding rate and the re-seeding rate were taken as indexes. The mathematical model between three factors and the indexes was built. The effect of each factor on the qualified rate was analyzed and optimized parameters were tested. The effect of factors on the qualified seeding rate in primary sequence was the negative pressure,forward speed and angle of seeds suction. The optimal parameters were obtained. The qualified rate was above 90%,the leak seeding rate was lower than 5% and the re-seeding rate was also lower than 5%,when the vibration angle was 45°,the vibration frequency was 116 ~ 122 Hz and the height of seeds layer was 96 ~ 117 mm. The results of the verified experiment were consistent with optimal results. Conclusions can be drawn that the seed metering device with roller of air-suction had good adaptability to maize seeds. References for thedesign of the maize seeds metering device with roller of air-suction can be provided.
引文
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2李国林,宋炜,毛俐,等.国内外几种主要排种器的特点[J].农业科技与装备,2011(8):70-71,73.LI Guolin,SONG Wei,MAO Li,et al.Features of some main seed-metering devices at home and abroad[J].Agricultural Science and Technology and Equipment,2011(8):70-71,73.(in Chinese)
3张泽平,马成林,左春柽.精播排种器及排种理论研究进展[J].吉林工业大学学报,1995,25(4):112-117.ZHANG Zeping,MA Chenglin,ZUO Chuncheng.The development of the seed-metering device for precision planter and its theoretical study[J].Journal of Jilin University of Technology,1995,25(4):112-117.(in Chinese)
4 YAZGI A,Degirmencioglu A.Optimisation of the seed spacing uniformity performance of a vacuum-type precision seeder using response surface methodology[J].Biosystems Engineering,2007,97(3):347-356.
5 BEREKET B Z.Effect of different operating parameters on seed holding in the single seed metering unit of a pneumatic planter[J].Turkish Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2004,28(6):435-441.
6 GAIKWAD B B,SIROHI N P S.Design of a low-cost pneumatic seeder for nursery plug trays[J].Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(3):322-329.
7周海波,马旭,姚亚利.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):301-305.ZHOU Haibo,MA Xu,YAO Yali.Research advances and prospects in the seeding technology and equipment for tray nursing seedlings of rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(4):301-305.(in Chinese)
8廖庆喜,李继波,覃国良.气力式油菜精量排种器试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(8):44-48.LIAO Qingxi,LI Jibo,QIN Guoliang.Experiment of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(8):44-48.(in Chinese)
9张晓慧,宋建农.针吸滚筒式水稻排种器设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):69-71.ZHANG Xiaohui,SONG Jiannong.Design and research on rice precision needle-like vacuum seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):69-71.(in Chinese)
10杨丽,史嵩,崔涛,等.气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):48-53.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2012s10&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.S0.010.YANG Li,SHI Song,CUI Tao,et al.Air-suction corn precision metering device with mechanical supporting plate to assist carrying seed[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):48-53.(in Chinese)
11胡建平,郑赛男,刘文东.磁吸滚筒式精密排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):60-63.HU Jianping,ZHENG Sainan,LIU Wendong.Design and experiment of precision magnetic cylinder seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):60-63.(in Chinese)
12赵湛,李耀明,陈进,等.气吸滚筒式排种器吸种过程的动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):112-116.ZHAO Zhan,LI Yaoming,CHEN Jin,et al.Dynamic analysis of seeds pick-up process for vacuum-cylinder seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(7):112-116.(in Chinese)
13张石平,夏静,陈进.气吸振动式蔬菜穴盘育苗精密播种装置的研究[J].农机化研究,2007,29(8):80-83.ZHANG Shiping,XIA Jing,CHEN Jin.Study on equipment of vibration air-suction vegetable tray precise seeder[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(8):80-83.(in Chinese)
14王淑铭,魏天路,周海波.气动振动式精密排种器工作参数的分析与仿真[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(增刊):56-60.WANG Shuming,WEI Tianlu,ZHOU Haibo.Theoretical research and simulation analysis on operating parameters of pneumatic vibration precision seed-metering[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(Supp.):56-60.(in Chinese)
15陈进,周韩,赵湛,等.基于EDEM的振动种盘中水稻种群运动规律研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):79-83.CHEN Jin,ZHOU Han,ZHAO Zhan,et al.Analysis of rice seeds motion on vibrating plate using EDEM[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):79-83.(in Chinese)
16李林.气吸式排种器理论及试验的初步研究[J].农业机械学报,1979,10(3):56-63.LI Lin.A preliminary study on the theory and experimentation of the suction-type metering device for precision drill[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1979,10(3):56-63.(in Chinese)
17陈进,李耀明.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(1):47-50.CHEN Jin,LI Yaoming.Study on seeds movement law in sowing test stand with suction and vibration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(1):47-50.(in Chinese)
18祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao.Design and experiment of centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):8-15.(in Chinese)
19张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.ZHANG Shun,XIA Junfang,ZHOU Yong,et al.Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder-type precision direct seedmetering device for rice[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):11-19.(in Chinese)
20张国忠,罗锡文,臧英,等.水稻气力式排种器群布吸孔吸种盘吸种精度试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):13-20.ZHANG Guozhong,LUO Xiwen,ZANG Ying,et al.Experiment of sucking precision of sucking plate with group holes on rice pneumatic metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(6):13-20.(in Chinese)
21高筱钧,周金华,赖庆辉.中草药三七气吸滚筒式精密排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):20-28.GAO Xiaojun,ZHOU Jinhua,LAI Qinghui.Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder precision seed-metering device for Panax notoginseng[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(2):20-28.(in Chinese)
22 VAN LIEDEKERKE P,TIJSKENS E,DINTWA E,et al.DEM simulations of the particle flow on a centrifugal fertilizer spreader[J].Powder Technology,2009,190(3):348-360.
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