基于不同模型的河口区水产养殖塘水-气界面CH_4气体传输速率及扩散通量研究
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摘要
模型估算法是水-气界面甲烷(CH_4)通量监测的主要方法.本研究选择6种不同的参数化模型方法估算了2015年6、8和10月两个亚热带河口养殖塘水-气界面CH_4传输速率(kx)及其扩散通量,探讨了河口养殖塘kx及CH_4扩散通量的变化特征和影响因子.结果表明:研究期间,不同模型估算下的kx及其扩散通量均值在闽江河口养殖塘变化范围分别为1.60±0.75～6.29±1.30 cm/h和9.19±2.67～30.64±6.28μmol/(m2·h),在九龙江河口养殖塘的变化范围分别为0.89±0.19～6.07±0.61 cm/h和3.18±0.48～21.03±2.13μmol/(m2·h); kx及其扩散通量在两个河口区均呈现随时间推移而升高的特征;整个养殖期间,养殖塘水-气界面平均CH_4传输速率kx呈现闽江河口略高于九龙江河口(P>0.05),但水-气界面平均CH_4扩散通量呈现闽江河口显著高于九龙江河口的特征(P<0.05);风速、水体溶解CH_4浓度和盐度是调控河口区养殖塘水-气界面CH_4扩散通量变化的重要因子;不同模型估算出的河口养殖塘水-气界面CH_4传输速率kx存在差异,表明模型估算法获得的水-气界面CH_4扩散通量存在一定的不确定性.
Diffusion model methods are frequently applied in monitoring water-atmosphere methane( CH_4) fluxes. To explore the variation character and influence factors of CH_4 transfer velocity( kx) and diffusive fluxes across the water-atmosphere interface from aquaculture shrimp ponds,this study chooses six different model methods for estimating kxand CH_4 diffusive fluxes in the Min River estuary( MRE) and Jiulong River estuary( JRE) on the southeast coast of China. For each estuary,water samples were collected using a hydrophore sampler from three shrimp ponds in June,August,and October 2015,respectively. Meanwhile,meteorological parameter( air temperature,wind speed and atmospheric pressure) and water-quality indicators( water temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen and salinity) were measured in situ using a portable instrument. A headspace equilibration technique was used for the measurement of dissolved CH_4 concentration. The mean kxat MRE and JRE ponds during the study period ranged between1.60±0.75 and 6.29±1.30 cm/h,and 0.89±0.19 and 6.07± 0.61 cm/h,respectively. The mean CH_4 diffusive fluxes in the MRE and JRE ponds over the study period ranged between 9.19±2.67 and 30.64±6.28 μmol/( m~2·h),and 3.18±0.48 and 21.03±2.13μmol/( m~2·h),respectively. The results showed that kxand CH_4 diffusive fluxes across the water-atmosphere interface from the estuaries of shrimp ponds greatly varied in spatial and seasonal dynamics. The CH4 diffusive fluxes were significantly higher from the shrimp ponds in the Min River estuary than in the Jiulong River estuary( P<0.05). Average seasonal kx( or CH4 diffusive fluxes) in MRE and JRE shows an increasing trend over time. The wind speed,water dissolved CH4 concentration and salinity are important factors that drive the changes in CH4 diffusive fluxes emission. There are differences in CH4 transfer velocity across the water-atmosphere interface from aquaculture shrimp ponds between the different model methods,indicating that the CH4 diffusive fluxes from the model-based estimation has a certain degree of uncertainty.
Diffusion model methods are frequently applied in monitoring water-atmosphere methane( CH_4) fluxes. To explore the variation character and influence factors of CH_4 transfer velocity( kx) and diffusive fluxes across the water-atmosphere interface from aquaculture shrimp ponds,this study chooses six different model methods for estimating kxand CH_4 diffusive fluxes in the Min River estuary( MRE) and Jiulong River estuary( JRE) on the southeast coast of China. For each estuary,water samples were collected using a hydrophore sampler from three shrimp ponds in June,August,and October 2015,respectively. Meanwhile,meteorological parameter( air temperature,wind speed and atmospheric pressure) and water-quality indicators( water temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen and salinity) were measured in situ using a portable instrument. A headspace equilibration technique was used for the measurement of dissolved CH_4 concentration. The mean kxat MRE and JRE ponds during the study period ranged between1.60±0.75 and 6.29±1.30 cm/h,and 0.89±0.19 and 6.07± 0.61 cm/h,respectively. The mean CH_4 diffusive fluxes in the MRE and JRE ponds over the study period ranged between 9.19±2.67 and 30.64±6.28 μmol/( m~2·h),and 3.18±0.48 and 21.03±2.13μmol/( m~2·h),respectively. The results showed that kxand CH_4 diffusive fluxes across the water-atmosphere interface from the estuaries of shrimp ponds greatly varied in spatial and seasonal dynamics. The CH4 diffusive fluxes were significantly higher from the shrimp ponds in the Min River estuary than in the Jiulong River estuary( P<0.05). Average seasonal kx( or CH4 diffusive fluxes) in MRE and JRE shows an increasing trend over time. The wind speed,water dissolved CH4 concentration and salinity are important factors that drive the changes in CH4 diffusive fluxes emission. There are differences in CH4 transfer velocity across the water-atmosphere interface from aquaculture shrimp ponds between the different model methods,indicating that the CH4 diffusive fluxes from the model-based estimation has a certain degree of uncertainty.
引文
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[14]Holgerson MA,Raymond PA.Large contribution to inland water CO2and CH4emissions from very small ponds.Nature Geoscience,2016,9(3):222-226.
[15]Cole JJ,Caraco NF.Atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide in a low-wind oligotrophic lake measured by the addition of SF6.Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43(4):647-656.
[16]Wanninkhof R.Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited.Limnology and Oceanography:Methods,2014,12(6):351-362.
[17]Bastviken D,Cole JJ,Pace ML et al.Fates of methane from different lake habitats:Connecting whole-lake budgets and CH4emissions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2008,113(G2):G02024.
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