乌鲁木齐市日最大边界层高度变化特征分析及其与空气质量的关系
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摘要
利用2007—2017年乌鲁木齐市L波段探空雷达和地面常规观测数据,以Holzworth干绝热曲线原理,估算该地逐日最大边界层高度,并计算对应的边界层平均风速和通风量等数据。同时,应用2015—2017年空气污染指数(AQI),探讨空气质量与大气边界层参数的关系。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市日最大边界层年均高度为1415 m,总体上呈下降趋势,平均降幅为5. 9 m·a~(-1)。时间序列上,日最大边界层高度分布呈明显周期性。逐月数据呈"抛物线"状,1月平均高度最低(336 m),6月平均高度最高(2400 m)。冬季边界层平均风速最小,为2. 6 m·s~(-1),春季和夏季最大,均为5. 6 m·s~(-1)。一年中,1月平均通风量最小,为977. 0 m~2·s~(-1),5月平均通风量最大,为14835. 9 m~2·s~(-1),4—9月为平均通风量大值期,平均通风量为13282. 3 m~2·s~(-1)。大气污染物在风速弱、边界层高度低和通风量小条件下的累积,易造成中度以上污染。冬季,乌鲁木齐常处于蒙古高压后部或底部,为造成冬季污染严重的重要原因之一。
Based on L-band radar and conventional observation data in Urumqi city from 2007 to 2017,the maximum daily boundary layer height was estimated using the principle of Holzworth dry adiabatic curve,and the corresponding average wind speed and ventilation volume of the boundary layer were calculated. M eanwhile,the air pollution index (AQI) from 2015 to 2017 was used to discuss the relationship between air quality and atmospheric boundary layer parameters. The results showthat the average annual height of the maximum daily boundary layer is1415 m,and demonstrates a downward trend,with an average decline rate of 5. 9 m·a~(-1). In time series,the daily maximum boundary layer height distribution shows obvious periodicity. The monthly data presents a " parabola",with the lowest average height in January (336 m) and the highest average height in June (2400 m). In winter,the average wind speed of the boundary layer is the smallest,with 2. 6 m·s~(-1),and the largest in spring and summer,with 5. 6 m·s~(-1). In a year,the average ventilation volume in January is the smallest,which is 977. 0 m~2·s~(-1),and the average ventilation volume in M ay is the largest,which is 14835. 9 m~2·s~(-1). From April to September,the average ventilation volume is 13282. 3 m~2·s~(-1). The accumulation of atmospheric pollutants under the conditions of weak wind speed,lowboundary layer height,and small ventilation volume is easy to cause moderate pollution. In winter,Urumqi is always located at the rear or bottom of M ongolia high pressure,which is one of the important causes for serious pollution in winter.
Based on L-band radar and conventional observation data in Urumqi city from 2007 to 2017,the maximum daily boundary layer height was estimated using the principle of Holzworth dry adiabatic curve,and the corresponding average wind speed and ventilation volume of the boundary layer were calculated. M eanwhile,the air pollution index (AQI) from 2015 to 2017 was used to discuss the relationship between air quality and atmospheric boundary layer parameters. The results showthat the average annual height of the maximum daily boundary layer is1415 m,and demonstrates a downward trend,with an average decline rate of 5. 9 m·a~(-1). In time series,the daily maximum boundary layer height distribution shows obvious periodicity. The monthly data presents a " parabola",with the lowest average height in January (336 m) and the highest average height in June (2400 m). In winter,the average wind speed of the boundary layer is the smallest,with 2. 6 m·s~(-1),and the largest in spring and summer,with 5. 6 m·s~(-1). In a year,the average ventilation volume in January is the smallest,which is 977. 0 m~2·s~(-1),and the average ventilation volume in M ay is the largest,which is 14835. 9 m~2·s~(-1). From April to September,the average ventilation volume is 13282. 3 m~2·s~(-1). The accumulation of atmospheric pollutants under the conditions of weak wind speed,lowboundary layer height,and small ventilation volume is easy to cause moderate pollution. In winter,Urumqi is always located at the rear or bottom of M ongolia high pressure,which is one of the important causes for serious pollution in winter.
引文
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[22]孙俊英,张璐,沈小静,等.大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长特性研究进展[J].气象学报,2016,74(5):672-682.
[2]Seibert P,Beyrich F,Gryning S E,et al.Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(7):1001-1027.
[3]Holzworth G C.Estimates of mean maximum mixing depths in the contiguous United States[J].M onthly Weather Review,1964,92(5):235-242.
[4]Holzworth G C.Mixing depths,wind speeds and air pollution potential for selected locations in the United States[J].Journal of Applied M eteorology,1967,6(6):1039-1044.
[5]程水源,席德立,张宝宁,等.大气混合层高度的确定与计算方法研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(6):512-516.
[6]王式功,姜大膀,杨德保,等.兰州市区最大混合层厚度变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2000,19(3):363-370.
[7]俞科爱,陈磊,张晶晶,等.浙江省大气混合层高度变化特征分析[J].气象科技,2017,45(4):735-744.
[8]叶堤,王飞,陈德蓉.重庆市多年大气混合层厚度变化特征及其对空气质量的影响分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008,24(4):41-44.
[9]蔡新玲,吴素良,王繁强,等.西安市近10年大气稳定度和边界层厚度特征[J].气象科技,2007,35(6):814-817.
[10]陈磊,俞科爱,林宏伟,等.宁波市大气混合层厚度变化特征及其与空气污染的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(4):40-47.
[11]陆忠艳,王扬锋,蒋大凯,等.基于气象条件的沈阳市空气质量预报方法研究[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(4):68-74.
[12]杨勇杰,谈建国,郑有飞,等.上海市近15a大气稳定度和混合层厚度的研究[J].气象科学,2006,26(5):536-541.
[13]尤焕苓,刘伟东,谭江瑞.北京地区平均最大混合层厚度的时间变化特征[J].气象,2010,36(5):51-55.
[14]杨静,李霞,李秦,等.乌鲁木齐近30 a大气稳定度和混合层高度变化特征及与空气污染的关系[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(5):747-752.
[15]贺千山,毛节泰.北京城市大气混合层与气溶胶垂直分布观测研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(3):374-384.
[16]王坚,蔡旭晖,宋宇.北京地区日最大边界层高度的气候统计特征[J].气候与环境研究,2016,21(5):525-532.
[17]赵克明,李霞,杨静.乌鲁木齐大气最大混合层厚度变化的环境响应[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):509-513.
[18]张莹,贾旭伟,杨旭,等.中国典型代表城市空气污染特征及其与气象参数的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(2):70-79.
[19]吴祖常,董保群.我国陆域大气最大混合层厚度的地理分布与季节变化[J].科技通报,1998,14(3):158-163.
[20]廖国莲.大气混合厚度的计算方法及影响因子[J].中山大学研究生学刊:自然科学、医学版,2005,26(4):66-73.
[21]史宝忠,郑方成.对大气混合层高度确定方法的比较分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,1997,29(2):138-141.
[21]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[22]孙俊英,张璐,沈小静,等.大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长特性研究进展[J].气象学报,2016,74(5):672-682.