持续热应激对生长猪生长性能和脂质代谢相关激素、酶及产物的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究持续热应激对生长猪生长性能、血浆甲状腺激素分泌和脂质代谢的影响。选取体况接近、体重[(40.84±2.67) kg]相近的健康大白阉公猪27头,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为3组(每组9头):适温对照组饲养于23℃环控舱中,自由采食;热应激组饲养于33℃环控舱中,自由采食;采食量配对组饲养于23℃环控舱中,根据热应激组的采食量进行饲喂。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,热应激组猪的末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著升高(P<0.05)。而热应激组与采食量配对组相比,上述指标则无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,热应激组血浆甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)含量均显著降低(P<0.05);而与采食量配对组相比,在试验第3天,仅热应激组血浆T4的含量显著降低(P<0.05);在试验第21天,热应激组仅血浆FT3的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组和采食量配对组相比,在试验第3天,热应激组血浆中总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和游离脂肪酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);在试验第21天,热应激组血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),游离脂肪酸含量有升高趋势(P=0.09),其余指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,热应激组猪肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、激素敏感脂酶和脂蛋白脂酶的活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。而与采食量配对组相比,热应激组猪肝脏中4种酶的活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,持续热应激可使猪血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量升高,肝脏脂肪合成和分解酶活性降低,进而造成肝脏脂质代谢的紊乱。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of constant heat stress on the growth performance,the secretion of thyroid hormone in plasma,and lipid metabolism of growing pigs. A single-factor experimental design was used. Twenty-seven healthy growing large white barrows with similar body weight[( 40.84±2.67) kg]were assigned into three groups( 9 in each group) : thermal-neutral control group( TN group)( in 23 ℃ environmental control chamber,fed ad libitum),heat stress group( HS group)( in 33 ℃environmental control chamber,fed ad libitum) and pair-fed in TN condition group( PFTN group)( in 23 ℃environmental control chamber,fed diets according to the feed intake of HS group). The experiment lasted for21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with TN group,final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake in HS group significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),while the feed/gain significantly increased( P<0.05). Compared with PFTN group,no significance differences in above indexes were found( P>0.05). 2) Compared with TN group,thyroxine( T4) and free triiodothyronine( FT3) contents in plasma in HS group significantly decreased( P<0.05); on day 3 of experiment,T4 content in plasma in HS group significantly decreased compared with PFTN group( P<0.05); on day 21 of experiment,FT3 content in plasma in HS group significantly decreased compared with PFTN group( P<0.05). 3) On day 3 of experiment,plasma total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterin contents in HS group were significantly higher than those in TN and PFTN groups( P<0.05). However,plasma triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterin and free fatty acid contents were similar between groups( P > 0. 05); on day 21 of experiment,plasma lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterin content also significantly increased( P< 0.05),and free fatty acids content tended to increase in HS group compared with TN and PFTN groups.( P = 0.09). 4) Compared with TN group,the activities of fatty acid synthase,acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase in HS group significantly decreased( P<0.05). But no significancet differences in the activities of these enzymes were detected between HS and PFTN groups( P>0.05). The results suggest that constant heat stress can increase the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterin content in plasma,decrease the activity of lipid synthesis and decomposing enzyme in liver,and then cause the disorder of lipid metabolism in liver.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2589-2596]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of constant heat stress on the growth performance,the secretion of thyroid hormone in plasma,and lipid metabolism of growing pigs. A single-factor experimental design was used. Twenty-seven healthy growing large white barrows with similar body weight[( 40.84±2.67) kg]were assigned into three groups( 9 in each group) : thermal-neutral control group( TN group)( in 23 ℃ environmental control chamber,fed ad libitum),heat stress group( HS group)( in 33 ℃environmental control chamber,fed ad libitum) and pair-fed in TN condition group( PFTN group)( in 23 ℃environmental control chamber,fed diets according to the feed intake of HS group). The experiment lasted for21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with TN group,final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake in HS group significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),while the feed/gain significantly increased( P<0.05). Compared with PFTN group,no significance differences in above indexes were found( P>0.05). 2) Compared with TN group,thyroxine( T4) and free triiodothyronine( FT3) contents in plasma in HS group significantly decreased( P<0.05); on day 3 of experiment,T4 content in plasma in HS group significantly decreased compared with PFTN group( P<0.05); on day 21 of experiment,FT3 content in plasma in HS group significantly decreased compared with PFTN group( P<0.05). 3) On day 3 of experiment,plasma total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterin contents in HS group were significantly higher than those in TN and PFTN groups( P<0.05). However,plasma triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterin and free fatty acid contents were similar between groups( P > 0. 05); on day 21 of experiment,plasma lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterin content also significantly increased( P< 0.05),and free fatty acids content tended to increase in HS group compared with TN and PFTN groups.( P = 0.09). 4) Compared with TN group,the activities of fatty acid synthase,acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase in HS group significantly decreased( P<0.05). But no significancet differences in the activities of these enzymes were detected between HS and PFTN groups( P>0.05). The results suggest that constant heat stress can increase the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterin content in plasma,decrease the activity of lipid synthesis and decomposing enzyme in liver,and then cause the disorder of lipid metabolism in liver.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2589-2596]
引文
[1]QUINTEIRO-FILHO W M,RIBEIRO A,FERRAZ-DE-PAULA V,et al.Heat stress impairs performance parameters,induces intestinal injury,and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(9):1905-1914.
[2]PATIENCE J F,UMBOH J F,CHAPLIN R K,et al.Nutritional and physiological responses of grow ing pigs exposed to a diurnal pattern of heat stress[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,96(2/3):205-214.
[3]GREGORY N G.How climatic changes could affect meat quality[J].Food Research International,2010,43(7):1866-1873.
[4]李军乔,王振旗,张敏红.热应激对肉仔鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(3):59-60.
[5]HAO Y,FENG Y J,YANG P G,et al.Nutritional and physiological responses of finishing pigs exposed to a permanent heat exposure during three w eeks[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2014,68(4):296-308.
[6]YANG P G,HAO Y,FENG J H,et al.The expression of carnosine and its effect on the antioxidant capacity of longissimus dorsi muscle in finishing pigs exposed to constant heat stress[J].Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science,2014,27(12):1763-1772.
[7]CRUZEN S M,PEARCE S C,BAUMGARD L H,et al.Proteomic changes to the sarcoplasmic fraction of predominantly red or w hite muscle follow ing acute heat stress[J].Journal of Proteomics,2015,128:141-153.
[8]PEARCE S C,MANI V,BODDICKER R L,et al.Heat stress reduces barrier function and alters intestinal metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90 Suppl 4:257-259.
[9]OMINSKI K H,KENNEDY A D,WITTENBERG KM,et al.Physiological and production responses to feeding schedule in lactating dairy cow s exposed to short-term,moderate heat stress[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(4):730-737.
[10]CUI Y J,HAO Y,LI J L,et al.Chronic heat stress induces immune response,oxidative stress response and apoptosis of finishing pig liver:a proteomic approach[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2016,17(5):393.
[11]吴鑫,冯京海,张敏红,等.持续高温对育肥猪不同部位脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(5):952-958.
[12]GONZALEZ-ESQUERRA R,LEESON S.Effects of acute versus chronic heat stress on broiler response to dietary protein[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(10):1562-1569.
[13]PEARCE S C,GABLER N K,ROSS J W,et al.The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(5):2108-2118.
[14]HALL D M,XU L,DRAKE V J,et al.Aging reduces adaptive capacity and stress protein expression in the liver after heat stress[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2000,89(2):749-759.
[15]CUI Y J,HAO Y,LI J L,et al.Chronic heat stress induces immune response,oxidative stress response,and apoptosis of finishing pig liver:a proteomic approach[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2016,17(5):393-416.
[16]COLLIN A,VAN MILGEN J,DUBOIS S,et al.Effect of high temperature on feeding behaviour and heat production in group-housed young pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2001,86(1):63-70.
[17]RENAUDEAU D,GOURDINE J L,ST-PIERRE N.M eta-analysis of the effects of high ambient temperature on grow th performance of grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(7):2220-2230.
[18]KIEFER C,MARTINS L P,FANTINI C C.Evaporative cooling for lactating sow s under high ambient temperature[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2012,41(5):1180-1185.
[19]LARAL J,ROSTAGNO M H.Impact of heat stress on poultry production[J].Animals,2013,3(2):356-369.
[20]CHEN S Y,WANG J,PENG D D,et al.Exposure to heat stress environment affects the physiology,circulation levels of cytokines and microbiome in dairy cow s[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:14606.
[21]FERNANDEZ M V S,JOHNSON J S,ABUA-JAM IEH M,et al.Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Physiological Reports,2015,3(2):e12315.
[22]CUI Y J,GU X H.Proteomic changes of the porcine small intestine in response to chronic heat stress[J].Journal of M olecular Endocrinology,2015,55(3):277-293.
[23]杜鹃,宋春梅,李鹏,等.沙棘果对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2018,54(2):91-93,124.
[24]KOUBA M,HERMIER D,LE DIVIDICH J.Influence of a high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in the grow ing pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(1):81-87.
[25]STEFFEN D G,BROWN L J,MERSMANN H J.Ontogenic development of sw ine(Sus domesticus)adipose tissue lipases[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1978,59(3):195-201.
[26]李晨燕,张杨,肖定福,等.杜仲提取物对宁乡猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):5127-5133.
[27]RINALDO D,LE DIVIDICH J.Effects of warm exposure on adipose tissue and muscle metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1991,100(4):995-1002.
[28]KOUBA M,HERMIER D,LE DIVIDICH J.Influence of a high ambient temperature on stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity in the grow ing pig[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and M olecular Biology,1999,124(1):7-13.
[29]QU H,AJUWON K M.Adipose tissue-specific responses reveal an important role of lipogenesis during heat stress adaptation in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(3):975-989.
[2]PATIENCE J F,UMBOH J F,CHAPLIN R K,et al.Nutritional and physiological responses of grow ing pigs exposed to a diurnal pattern of heat stress[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,96(2/3):205-214.
[3]GREGORY N G.How climatic changes could affect meat quality[J].Food Research International,2010,43(7):1866-1873.
[4]李军乔,王振旗,张敏红.热应激对肉仔鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(3):59-60.
[5]HAO Y,FENG Y J,YANG P G,et al.Nutritional and physiological responses of finishing pigs exposed to a permanent heat exposure during three w eeks[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2014,68(4):296-308.
[6]YANG P G,HAO Y,FENG J H,et al.The expression of carnosine and its effect on the antioxidant capacity of longissimus dorsi muscle in finishing pigs exposed to constant heat stress[J].Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science,2014,27(12):1763-1772.
[7]CRUZEN S M,PEARCE S C,BAUMGARD L H,et al.Proteomic changes to the sarcoplasmic fraction of predominantly red or w hite muscle follow ing acute heat stress[J].Journal of Proteomics,2015,128:141-153.
[8]PEARCE S C,MANI V,BODDICKER R L,et al.Heat stress reduces barrier function and alters intestinal metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90 Suppl 4:257-259.
[9]OMINSKI K H,KENNEDY A D,WITTENBERG KM,et al.Physiological and production responses to feeding schedule in lactating dairy cow s exposed to short-term,moderate heat stress[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(4):730-737.
[10]CUI Y J,HAO Y,LI J L,et al.Chronic heat stress induces immune response,oxidative stress response and apoptosis of finishing pig liver:a proteomic approach[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2016,17(5):393.
[11]吴鑫,冯京海,张敏红,等.持续高温对育肥猪不同部位脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(5):952-958.
[12]GONZALEZ-ESQUERRA R,LEESON S.Effects of acute versus chronic heat stress on broiler response to dietary protein[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(10):1562-1569.
[13]PEARCE S C,GABLER N K,ROSS J W,et al.The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(5):2108-2118.
[14]HALL D M,XU L,DRAKE V J,et al.Aging reduces adaptive capacity and stress protein expression in the liver after heat stress[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2000,89(2):749-759.
[15]CUI Y J,HAO Y,LI J L,et al.Chronic heat stress induces immune response,oxidative stress response,and apoptosis of finishing pig liver:a proteomic approach[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2016,17(5):393-416.
[16]COLLIN A,VAN MILGEN J,DUBOIS S,et al.Effect of high temperature on feeding behaviour and heat production in group-housed young pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2001,86(1):63-70.
[17]RENAUDEAU D,GOURDINE J L,ST-PIERRE N.M eta-analysis of the effects of high ambient temperature on grow th performance of grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(7):2220-2230.
[18]KIEFER C,MARTINS L P,FANTINI C C.Evaporative cooling for lactating sow s under high ambient temperature[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2012,41(5):1180-1185.
[19]LARAL J,ROSTAGNO M H.Impact of heat stress on poultry production[J].Animals,2013,3(2):356-369.
[20]CHEN S Y,WANG J,PENG D D,et al.Exposure to heat stress environment affects the physiology,circulation levels of cytokines and microbiome in dairy cow s[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:14606.
[21]FERNANDEZ M V S,JOHNSON J S,ABUA-JAM IEH M,et al.Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Physiological Reports,2015,3(2):e12315.
[22]CUI Y J,GU X H.Proteomic changes of the porcine small intestine in response to chronic heat stress[J].Journal of M olecular Endocrinology,2015,55(3):277-293.
[23]杜鹃,宋春梅,李鹏,等.沙棘果对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2018,54(2):91-93,124.
[24]KOUBA M,HERMIER D,LE DIVIDICH J.Influence of a high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in the grow ing pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(1):81-87.
[25]STEFFEN D G,BROWN L J,MERSMANN H J.Ontogenic development of sw ine(Sus domesticus)adipose tissue lipases[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1978,59(3):195-201.
[26]李晨燕,张杨,肖定福,等.杜仲提取物对宁乡猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):5127-5133.
[27]RINALDO D,LE DIVIDICH J.Effects of warm exposure on adipose tissue and muscle metabolism in grow ing pigs[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1991,100(4):995-1002.
[28]KOUBA M,HERMIER D,LE DIVIDICH J.Influence of a high ambient temperature on stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity in the grow ing pig[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and M olecular Biology,1999,124(1):7-13.
[29]QU H,AJUWON K M.Adipose tissue-specific responses reveal an important role of lipogenesis during heat stress adaptation in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(3):975-989.