水稻穗前稻飞虱省力化防控技术可行性评价
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摘要
本文研究不同药剂处理水稻种子对稻飞虱的防治效果,以期筛选出对稻飞虱防治效果好、持效期长的药剂及其配套使用技术,为稻飞虱的省力化防控提供科学依据。选择噻虫嗪、呋虫胺、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈6种药剂分别按照有效药量2、4、6 g/kg进行拌种,测定不同处理对室内及田间稻飞虱的防治效果;同时将噻虫嗪与复合肥混合施用,验证药肥混施对稻飞虱的防治效果及时长。结果表明,室内条件下,以噻虫嗪4 g/kg拌种对褐飞虱的防治效果最好,有效控制时长为45 d左右,防治效果为90.6%;田间条件下,机插秧、直播稻以及旱育秧3种种植方式下,仍以噻虫嗪防治效果最好,有效控制时长分别为65、80、65 d。噻虫嗪与复合肥混合施用,有效药量为240 g/hm~2以上时,药后20 d,防治效果在85%以上,与常规茎叶喷雾防治效果无差异。利用噻虫嗪有效药量4～6 g/kg进行拌种,在稻飞虱发生较轻年份,可有效降低田间稻飞虱种群数量;在稻飞虱发生较重年份,水稻抽穗前采用噻虫嗪药肥混施,控制稻飞虱的持效期为20 d左右,能有效减少稻飞虱的防治次数,实现稻飞虱的省力化、轻简式防控,可在水稻生产中推广应用。
In order to screen out pesticides with high control efficacy and long-lasting effect and provide scientific evidence for labor-saving control against rice planthopper, control effects of different chemical pesticides on rice planthopper were investigated by rice seeds dressing. Thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor were separately mixed with 1 kilogram rice seeds at three effective dosages of 2 g, 4 g and 6 g. Effects were tested indoor and in field. Three kinds of cultural patterns, including mechanical transplanting, direct seedling and dry-raised seedling transplanting, were used in the field. Besides, compound fertilizer was mixed with thiamethoxam to test the control efficacy and lasting period. Indoor experiment showed that 4 g thiamethoxam per kilogram seeds had best effect on rice planthopper with the efficacy of 90.6% and the lasting validity period was around 45 d. Field experiments demonstrated that thiamethoxam had the best effect under three cultural patterns, and the lasting validity periods were 65 d, 80 d and 65 d under mechanical, direct and seedling-transplant, respectively. Thiamethoxam mixed with compound fertilizer at the dosage of 240 g/hm~2 had the control efficacy of over 85% 20 days after application, without significant difference with normal spraying. Application 4-6 g thiamethoxam mixed with 1 kg seeds in the light occurrence years could effectively reduce the field rice planthoppers density, In heavy occurrence years, the lasting validity period of thiamethoxam with compound fertilizer applied before heading stage was around 20 d, which can reduce regular pesticide application times on rice planthopper substantially. Further, the goal of labor-saving, concise prevention and control can be reached, and it shall be put into use in rice production.
In order to screen out pesticides with high control efficacy and long-lasting effect and provide scientific evidence for labor-saving control against rice planthopper, control effects of different chemical pesticides on rice planthopper were investigated by rice seeds dressing. Thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor were separately mixed with 1 kilogram rice seeds at three effective dosages of 2 g, 4 g and 6 g. Effects were tested indoor and in field. Three kinds of cultural patterns, including mechanical transplanting, direct seedling and dry-raised seedling transplanting, were used in the field. Besides, compound fertilizer was mixed with thiamethoxam to test the control efficacy and lasting period. Indoor experiment showed that 4 g thiamethoxam per kilogram seeds had best effect on rice planthopper with the efficacy of 90.6% and the lasting validity period was around 45 d. Field experiments demonstrated that thiamethoxam had the best effect under three cultural patterns, and the lasting validity periods were 65 d, 80 d and 65 d under mechanical, direct and seedling-transplant, respectively. Thiamethoxam mixed with compound fertilizer at the dosage of 240 g/hm~2 had the control efficacy of over 85% 20 days after application, without significant difference with normal spraying. Application 4-6 g thiamethoxam mixed with 1 kg seeds in the light occurrence years could effectively reduce the field rice planthoppers density, In heavy occurrence years, the lasting validity period of thiamethoxam with compound fertilizer applied before heading stage was around 20 d, which can reduce regular pesticide application times on rice planthopper substantially. Further, the goal of labor-saving, concise prevention and control can be reached, and it shall be put into use in rice production.
引文
[1] 程永祥,王秀珍,郭建平,等.中国水稻生产的时空动态分析[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(17):3473-3485.
[2] 王艳青.近年来中国水稻病虫害发生及趋势分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):343-347.
[3] 翟保平,程家安.2006年水稻两迁害虫研讨会纪要[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(4):585-588.
[4] 程家安,朱金良,祝增荣,等.稻田飞虱灾变与环境调控[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(2):176-182.
[5] WU J C,XU J X,LIU J L,et al.Effects of herbicides on rice resistance and multiplication and feeding of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)[J].International Journal of Pest Management,2001,47 (2):153-159.
[6] ZHU Z R,CHENG J A,JIANG M X.Complex influence of rice variety,fertilization timing and insecticides on population of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera:Delphacidae) and their natural enemies in rice,Hangzhou,China [J].Journal of Pest Science,2004,77:65-74.
[7] 徐广春,顾中言,徐德进,等.五种常用杀虫剂对灰飞虱繁殖力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(4):361-366.
[8] 印建莉,胡君欢,徐海伟,等.杀虫剂胁迫下褐飞虱迁飞虫和本地虫后代体内粗脂肪、可溶性糖及氨基酸含量比较[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(11):1103-1112.
[9] 汪爱娟,李阿根,张舟娜.呋虫胺等几种新药剂防治水稻稻飞虱与黑尾叶蝉药效试验[J].江西农业学报,2015(3):53-55.
[10] 张小磊,廖逊,毛凯凯,等.湖北稻区褐飞虱田间种群对常用杀虫剂抗药性监测[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1222-1231.
[11] 党志红,李耀发,潘文亮,等.吡虫啉拌种防治小麦蚜虫技术及安全性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1676-1681.
[12] 鲁耀雄,崔新卫,张栋,等.抗旱拌种剂对玉米生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(7):991-994.
[13] 刘登望,周山,刘升锐,等.不同类型拌种剂对花生及根际微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6777-6787.
[14] 徐蕾,赵彤华,钟涛,等.药剂包衣对苗期大豆蚜防治效果与安全性评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(4):759-771.
[15] 刘光杰,陈爱辉,沈君辉.白背飞虱为害对水稻产量的影响及防治指标的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40(1):1-5.
[16] 唐涛,刘都才,刘雪源,等.噻虫嗪种子处理防治水稻蓟马及其对秧苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):299-305.
[17] 刘海,曲海霞,曹海鑫,等.不同种子包衣剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(16):124.
[18] 汤金仪,马桂椿,胡国文.水稻白背飞虱为害损失测定及防治指标研究[J].植物保护学报,1992,19(2):139-144.
[19] 付佑胜,赵桂东,刘伟中.70%噻虫嗪WS对水稻壮苗及稻飞虱的防治效果[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(4):454-457.
[20] 蒋庆琳,李鹏,张曼丽,等.海南省水稻病毒病防治配套技术研究[J].中国植保导刊,2013(11):66-68.
[2] 王艳青.近年来中国水稻病虫害发生及趋势分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):343-347.
[3] 翟保平,程家安.2006年水稻两迁害虫研讨会纪要[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(4):585-588.
[4] 程家安,朱金良,祝增荣,等.稻田飞虱灾变与环境调控[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(2):176-182.
[5] WU J C,XU J X,LIU J L,et al.Effects of herbicides on rice resistance and multiplication and feeding of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)[J].International Journal of Pest Management,2001,47 (2):153-159.
[6] ZHU Z R,CHENG J A,JIANG M X.Complex influence of rice variety,fertilization timing and insecticides on population of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera:Delphacidae) and their natural enemies in rice,Hangzhou,China [J].Journal of Pest Science,2004,77:65-74.
[7] 徐广春,顾中言,徐德进,等.五种常用杀虫剂对灰飞虱繁殖力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(4):361-366.
[8] 印建莉,胡君欢,徐海伟,等.杀虫剂胁迫下褐飞虱迁飞虫和本地虫后代体内粗脂肪、可溶性糖及氨基酸含量比较[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(11):1103-1112.
[9] 汪爱娟,李阿根,张舟娜.呋虫胺等几种新药剂防治水稻稻飞虱与黑尾叶蝉药效试验[J].江西农业学报,2015(3):53-55.
[10] 张小磊,廖逊,毛凯凯,等.湖北稻区褐飞虱田间种群对常用杀虫剂抗药性监测[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1222-1231.
[11] 党志红,李耀发,潘文亮,等.吡虫啉拌种防治小麦蚜虫技术及安全性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1676-1681.
[12] 鲁耀雄,崔新卫,张栋,等.抗旱拌种剂对玉米生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(7):991-994.
[13] 刘登望,周山,刘升锐,等.不同类型拌种剂对花生及根际微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6777-6787.
[14] 徐蕾,赵彤华,钟涛,等.药剂包衣对苗期大豆蚜防治效果与安全性评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(4):759-771.
[15] 刘光杰,陈爱辉,沈君辉.白背飞虱为害对水稻产量的影响及防治指标的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40(1):1-5.
[16] 唐涛,刘都才,刘雪源,等.噻虫嗪种子处理防治水稻蓟马及其对秧苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):299-305.
[17] 刘海,曲海霞,曹海鑫,等.不同种子包衣剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(16):124.
[18] 汤金仪,马桂椿,胡国文.水稻白背飞虱为害损失测定及防治指标研究[J].植物保护学报,1992,19(2):139-144.
[19] 付佑胜,赵桂东,刘伟中.70%噻虫嗪WS对水稻壮苗及稻飞虱的防治效果[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(4):454-457.
[20] 蒋庆琳,李鹏,张曼丽,等.海南省水稻病毒病防治配套技术研究[J].中国植保导刊,2013(11):66-68.