陕西泾惠渠灌溉区不同灌溉模式下农户承受的极限水价
|
摘要
为促进改善农业灌溉用水的利用方式与效率,以陕西省泾惠渠灌溉区为例,采用成本收益分析法对不同灌溉模式下的极限水价进行了测算,并与农户实际所能承受的水价进行比较,探讨了水价对农户灌溉模式的影响。结果表明:当水价为0.170~0.454元/m3时,农户不会改变传统灌溉模式,只会通过单纯减少用水量实现节水;水价达到0.454元/m3时,农户会考虑采用喷灌与滴灌等节水技术;水价超过0.654元/m3时,农户会考虑采用井渠双灌模式;水价上升到0.782元/m3时,农户会考虑改变农作物种植结构,或者选择土地抛荒。此外,不同灌溉模式下的极限水价仅仅是理论上通过市场实现农业灌溉水资源配置的手段,从农户对水价的现实承受能力来看,现实中农户灌溉模式的改变更多地需要政府的干预。
In order to improve the agricultural irrigation water utilization and efficiency,the limited water price was calculated by cost-benefit analysis under different irrigation modes,and also compared with the affordable price for farmers,thus the effect of water price on farmers' irrigation mode was carried out in this paper.The results showed that farmers would not change their traditional irrigation mode,just simply reduce the amount of water to reach water saving when the water price was between0.170~0.454RMB/m3.They began to consider water-saving techniques as sprinkler and drip irrigation when the price reached 0.454 RMB/m3.They would adopt dual-irrigation mode as exploitation of groundwater from wells and water canals when the price beyond 0.654RMB/m3.Finally,they consider changing the crop system or fallowing their farmland when the price reached 0.782RMB/m3.Besides,the limited water price under different irrigation mode was theoretically control by market price for resources allocation.According to farmers' real affordability to the water price,to change the irrigation mode for farmers,it needs the intervention from the government.
In order to improve the agricultural irrigation water utilization and efficiency,the limited water price was calculated by cost-benefit analysis under different irrigation modes,and also compared with the affordable price for farmers,thus the effect of water price on farmers' irrigation mode was carried out in this paper.The results showed that farmers would not change their traditional irrigation mode,just simply reduce the amount of water to reach water saving when the water price was between0.170~0.454RMB/m3.They began to consider water-saving techniques as sprinkler and drip irrigation when the price reached 0.454 RMB/m3.They would adopt dual-irrigation mode as exploitation of groundwater from wells and water canals when the price beyond 0.654RMB/m3.Finally,they consider changing the crop system or fallowing their farmland when the price reached 0.782RMB/m3.Besides,the limited water price under different irrigation mode was theoretically control by market price for resources allocation.According to farmers' real affordability to the water price,to change the irrigation mode for farmers,it needs the intervention from the government.
引文
[1]马惟,田园.对农业节水灌溉项目设计的几点建议[J].现代化农业,2010,(8):49-51.
[2]王文浩,曹红霞,蔡焕杰.灌溉水价与灌溉区灌溉用水量关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):82-85.
[3]卢丽荣.水价改革与节水技术推广的博弈[J].水利经济,2011,29(5):31-37.
[4]王建平,姜文来,刘洋,等.农民用水户的农业水价承受能力研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(2):40-44.
[5]杜丽娟,柳长顺.农民灌溉水费承受能力测算初步研究[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(6):59-62.
[6]唐增.张掖市农户对灌溉水价承受力分析[J].人民黄河,2010,32(7):86-88.
[7]Sumpsi JM,Amador F,Romero C.On Farmer's Objectives:A multi-criteria Approach.European[J].Oper.Res,1997,96(1):64-71.
[8]Consuelo Varela-Ortega,Jos M.Sumpsi,Alberto Garrido,et al.Water Pricing Policies,Public Decision Making and Farmers'Response:Implications for Water Policy[J].Agricultural Economics,1998,19(1-2):193-202.
[9]Varela-Ortega C,Blanco M,Sumpsi J M.IntegratingIrrigation Modernization Programs and Water Pricing Polices,Empirical Evidence and Water Policy Implications[C].International Congress of the IAAE(International Association of Agricultural Economists),Berlin,2000:13-19.
[10]Mejias P,Varela-Ortega C,Flichman G.Integrating Agricultural Policies and Water Policies under Water Supply and Climate Uncertainty[C].Proceedings of the 25th International Conference of Agricultural Economists(IAAE),Event Dynamics,Durban,2004:1039-1047.
[11]刘海军,杨会颖,王会肖,等.陕西省关中灌溉区真实节水综合模式研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(2/3):210-213.
[12]刘重社,张颖,杨慧.2013年陕西小麦成本收益情况调查[J].价格与市场,2013,(10):14-15.
[13]骆萍.访谈陕西省泾惠渠管理局副局长党永仁[EB/OL].(2010-04-26)[2014-02-24]http://www.shaanxi.gov.cn/0/1/6/631/633/81634.htm.
[14]罗金耀.节水灌溉理论与技术(第二版)[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:1-9,329-330.
[15]王建勋,庞新安,刘彬.农业节水灌溉经济效益的分析和计算[J].中国农学通报,2006,1(22):372-375.
[16]魏新光.泾惠渠灌溉区需水与用水管理分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:31-32.
[17]雷林.浅谈节水灌溉的有效措施[J].经营管理者,2013(9):387.
[18]王浩,阮本清,沈大军.面向可持续发展的水价理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[19]廖永松,鲍子云,黄庆文.灌溉水价改革与农民承受能力[J].水利发展研究,2004(12):29-34.
[20]孙伟.中国农业节水技术推广关键影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012:21-22.
[2]王文浩,曹红霞,蔡焕杰.灌溉水价与灌溉区灌溉用水量关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):82-85.
[3]卢丽荣.水价改革与节水技术推广的博弈[J].水利经济,2011,29(5):31-37.
[4]王建平,姜文来,刘洋,等.农民用水户的农业水价承受能力研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(2):40-44.
[5]杜丽娟,柳长顺.农民灌溉水费承受能力测算初步研究[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(6):59-62.
[6]唐增.张掖市农户对灌溉水价承受力分析[J].人民黄河,2010,32(7):86-88.
[7]Sumpsi JM,Amador F,Romero C.On Farmer's Objectives:A multi-criteria Approach.European[J].Oper.Res,1997,96(1):64-71.
[8]Consuelo Varela-Ortega,Jos M.Sumpsi,Alberto Garrido,et al.Water Pricing Policies,Public Decision Making and Farmers'Response:Implications for Water Policy[J].Agricultural Economics,1998,19(1-2):193-202.
[9]Varela-Ortega C,Blanco M,Sumpsi J M.IntegratingIrrigation Modernization Programs and Water Pricing Polices,Empirical Evidence and Water Policy Implications[C].International Congress of the IAAE(International Association of Agricultural Economists),Berlin,2000:13-19.
[10]Mejias P,Varela-Ortega C,Flichman G.Integrating Agricultural Policies and Water Policies under Water Supply and Climate Uncertainty[C].Proceedings of the 25th International Conference of Agricultural Economists(IAAE),Event Dynamics,Durban,2004:1039-1047.
[11]刘海军,杨会颖,王会肖,等.陕西省关中灌溉区真实节水综合模式研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(2/3):210-213.
[12]刘重社,张颖,杨慧.2013年陕西小麦成本收益情况调查[J].价格与市场,2013,(10):14-15.
[13]骆萍.访谈陕西省泾惠渠管理局副局长党永仁[EB/OL].(2010-04-26)[2014-02-24]http://www.shaanxi.gov.cn/0/1/6/631/633/81634.htm.
[14]罗金耀.节水灌溉理论与技术(第二版)[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:1-9,329-330.
[15]王建勋,庞新安,刘彬.农业节水灌溉经济效益的分析和计算[J].中国农学通报,2006,1(22):372-375.
[16]魏新光.泾惠渠灌溉区需水与用水管理分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:31-32.
[17]雷林.浅谈节水灌溉的有效措施[J].经营管理者,2013(9):387.
[18]王浩,阮本清,沈大军.面向可持续发展的水价理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[19]廖永松,鲍子云,黄庆文.灌溉水价改革与农民承受能力[J].水利发展研究,2004(12):29-34.
[20]孙伟.中国农业节水技术推广关键影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012:21-22.