数字压力式水位仪观测误差与测试方法
|
摘要
数字压力式水位仪误差来源于压力测量误差、水密度取值误差和重力加速度取值误差,其中后两者引起的误差与水柱高度有关。对我国地震井水位观测网的水密度和重力加速度取值误差进行分析,大部分观测井水密度和重力加速度取值误差引起的水位观测误差基本上可以忽略。为了减少仪器的观测误差,水位传感器投放深度不宜过深,水位观测井筒水温不宜过高。对于个别矿化度大、富气泡的观测井和水温较高的非自流井,密度影响不容忽视。最后,对近几年来招标采购的水位仪器的测试情况进行总结,认为采用压力输入法与模拟井孔法相结合来测试压力式水位仪器的观测误差更为科学和准确。
The observation error is derived from the pressure measurement,water density,and gravity acceleration error.The errors caused by the density and acceleration of gravity is related to the height of the water column.Error analysis results of the water density and gravity acceleration of the water level observation network in China show that the observation error caused by the error of water density and gravity acceleration can be ignored for most of the observation well.In order to reduce the measurement error of the instrument,the water level sensor should not be too deep,and water temperature in the observation well should not be too high.The influence of density cannot be ignored for observation wells with a high degree of mineralization and rich bubbles,and non-artesian wells with high water temperature.Finally,the testing situation of the water level instrument for many years is summarized.In the last few years the test method combining pressure input and simulation wells to test the observation error of net pressure type water level instrument is more scientific and precise.
The observation error is derived from the pressure measurement,water density,and gravity acceleration error.The errors caused by the density and acceleration of gravity is related to the height of the water column.Error analysis results of the water density and gravity acceleration of the water level observation network in China show that the observation error caused by the error of water density and gravity acceleration can be ignored for most of the observation well.In order to reduce the measurement error of the instrument,the water level sensor should not be too deep,and water temperature in the observation well should not be too high.The influence of density cannot be ignored for observation wells with a high degree of mineralization and rich bubbles,and non-artesian wells with high water temperature.Finally,the testing situation of the water level instrument for many years is summarized.In the last few years the test method combining pressure input and simulation wells to test the observation error of net pressure type water level instrument is more scientific and precise.
引文
[1]汪成民.中国地震地下水动态观测网[M].北京:地震出版社,1990(Wang Chengmin.China Earthquake Ground Water Dynamic Observation Network[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1990)
[2]刘春国,孔令昌,杨竹转,等.我国地震前兆观测井水位观测网监测效能评估分析[J].中国地震,2015,31(2):329-337(Liu Chunguo,Kong Lingchang,Yang Zhuzhuan,et al.Monitoring Efficiency Evaluation of Well-Water-Level Observation Network in China[J].Earthauqke Research in China,2015,31(2):329-337)
[3]车用太,王吉易,李一兵,等.首都圈地下流体监测与地震预测[M].北京:气象出版社,2004(Che Yongtai,Wang Jiyi,Li Yibing,et al.Underground Fluid Monitoring and Earthquake Prediction in the Capital Circle[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2004)
[4]杨鼎鸿,程庆斌,邓聪,等.数字化水位观测仪零漂分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2013,34(3):144-149(Yang Dinghong,Cheng Qingbin,Deng Cong,et al.The Zero Drift Problems and Technical Analysis of Digital Water Level Observation[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2013,34(3):144-149)
[5]中国地震局监测预报司.地下流体数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002(Secretary of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction,CEA.Digital Observation Techniques of Underground Fluid[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2002)
[6]何案华,贾鸿飞,王宝琐,等.SWY-Ⅱ型水位仪的研制[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(6):156-159(He Anhua,Jia Hongfei,Wang Baosuo,et al.Development of SWY-ⅡWater Level Meter[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(6):156-159)
[7]吴石林张玘.误差分析与数据处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010(Wu Shilin,Zhang Qi.Error Analysis and Data Processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2010)
[8]孙翼,王其柳.安德拉水位计测量中水位值计算的误差分析和估算[J].海洋科学进展,1991(1):56-60(Sun Yi,Wang Qiliu.Error Analysis and Assesment in the Computation of Water-Level Values Obtained by Aanderaa Water Level Recorder[J].Advances in Marine Science,1991(1):56-60
[9]中国地震局.地震台站建设规范地下流体台站第1部分:水位和水温台站(DB/T 20.1-2006)[S].北京:地震出版社,2006(CEA.Specification for the Construction of Seismic Station Underground Fluid Station Part1:Water Level and Water Temperature Observatory(DB/T 20.1-2006)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006)
[10]周湄生.最新温标纯水密度表[J].计量技术,2000(3):40-42(Zhou Meisheng.The Realization of the New Water Density Table[J].Measurement Technique,2000(3):40-42)
[11]中国地震局.中国地震前兆台网技术规程(JSGC-02)[S].北京:地震出版社,2005(CEA.Stipulation on Geoscience Observatory Network in China(JSGC-02)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005)
[2]刘春国,孔令昌,杨竹转,等.我国地震前兆观测井水位观测网监测效能评估分析[J].中国地震,2015,31(2):329-337(Liu Chunguo,Kong Lingchang,Yang Zhuzhuan,et al.Monitoring Efficiency Evaluation of Well-Water-Level Observation Network in China[J].Earthauqke Research in China,2015,31(2):329-337)
[3]车用太,王吉易,李一兵,等.首都圈地下流体监测与地震预测[M].北京:气象出版社,2004(Che Yongtai,Wang Jiyi,Li Yibing,et al.Underground Fluid Monitoring and Earthquake Prediction in the Capital Circle[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2004)
[4]杨鼎鸿,程庆斌,邓聪,等.数字化水位观测仪零漂分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2013,34(3):144-149(Yang Dinghong,Cheng Qingbin,Deng Cong,et al.The Zero Drift Problems and Technical Analysis of Digital Water Level Observation[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2013,34(3):144-149)
[5]中国地震局监测预报司.地下流体数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002(Secretary of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction,CEA.Digital Observation Techniques of Underground Fluid[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2002)
[6]何案华,贾鸿飞,王宝琐,等.SWY-Ⅱ型水位仪的研制[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(6):156-159(He Anhua,Jia Hongfei,Wang Baosuo,et al.Development of SWY-ⅡWater Level Meter[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(6):156-159)
[7]吴石林张玘.误差分析与数据处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010(Wu Shilin,Zhang Qi.Error Analysis and Data Processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2010)
[8]孙翼,王其柳.安德拉水位计测量中水位值计算的误差分析和估算[J].海洋科学进展,1991(1):56-60(Sun Yi,Wang Qiliu.Error Analysis and Assesment in the Computation of Water-Level Values Obtained by Aanderaa Water Level Recorder[J].Advances in Marine Science,1991(1):56-60
[9]中国地震局.地震台站建设规范地下流体台站第1部分:水位和水温台站(DB/T 20.1-2006)[S].北京:地震出版社,2006(CEA.Specification for the Construction of Seismic Station Underground Fluid Station Part1:Water Level and Water Temperature Observatory(DB/T 20.1-2006)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006)
[10]周湄生.最新温标纯水密度表[J].计量技术,2000(3):40-42(Zhou Meisheng.The Realization of the New Water Density Table[J].Measurement Technique,2000(3):40-42)
[11]中国地震局.中国地震前兆台网技术规程(JSGC-02)[S].北京:地震出版社,2005(CEA.Stipulation on Geoscience Observatory Network in China(JSGC-02)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005)