添加玉米秸秆对马粪堆肥的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究添加玉米秸秆对马粪堆肥发酵的影响,以确定马粪堆肥适宜的玉米秸秆添加量。以马粪为试验原料,比较添加不同含量的玉米秸秆(CK组:马粪中不添加玉米秸秆;A、B和C组分别于6 kg马粪中添加1.0、1.5和2.0 kg的玉米秸秆)对马粪堆肥发酵中温度、含水率、pH值、种子发芽指数及全氮含量的影响。结果表明:试验B组发酵过程中的高温持续时间最长,最高温度显著高于另外3组(P<0.05),pH值处于弱碱性的时间较短;种子发芽指数各组均随着发酵时间的延长出现增长的趋势,且试验B组在相同的发酵时间段,种子发芽指数最大,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明在进行马粪堆肥发酵时,加入适当比例(马粪与玉米秸秆的重量比为4∶1)的玉米秸秆有利于发酵的进行。
In order to determine the appropriate adding quantity,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding corn straw on horse manure composting.Horse manure was used as experimental material to compare the differences of supplementing different corn straw contents on temperature,water content,p H,germination index and total nitrogen of horse manure composting.The results showed as follows:(1)compared with control group,adding corn straw had a positive influence.(2)The highest temperature of trial group B was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),and it also had the longest duration.In addition,the pH value showed a shorter time to the alkalescence.The germination index of all groups increased with the extension of fermentation time.But in trial group B,the germination index was maximum in the same fermentation time and markedly higher than control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding corn straw in horse manure can promote fermentation,and the optimum proportion of horse manure and corn straw is 4∶1 in this experiment.
In order to determine the appropriate adding quantity,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding corn straw on horse manure composting.Horse manure was used as experimental material to compare the differences of supplementing different corn straw contents on temperature,water content,p H,germination index and total nitrogen of horse manure composting.The results showed as follows:(1)compared with control group,adding corn straw had a positive influence.(2)The highest temperature of trial group B was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),and it also had the longest duration.In addition,the pH value showed a shorter time to the alkalescence.The germination index of all groups increased with the extension of fermentation time.But in trial group B,the germination index was maximum in the same fermentation time and markedly higher than control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding corn straw in horse manure can promote fermentation,and the optimum proportion of horse manure and corn straw is 4∶1 in this experiment.
引文
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[19]李群岭.不同发酵菌的堆肥效果研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
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[21]鲍艳宇,周启星,颜丽,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的动态变化及腐熟度评价指标[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):374-380.
[2]蔡火炮,蔡伟强,谢侃.畜禽粪便污染的危害性及防治对策[J].福建畜牧兽医,2017,39(4):35-36.
[3]桂阳,朱国胜,韦小庆,等.玉米芯与畜禽粪便混合袋装堆肥发酵技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(8):344-350.
[4] Manjeli Y,Teguia A,Djoukam J,et al.Effects of feeding cattle manure on growth performance and carcass characteristics of large white pigs[J].Trop Animal Health Production,1996,28(4):307-311.
[5]马俊英,吕任生.新疆畜禽粪便综合利用技术模式探讨[J].新疆环境保护,2013,35(1):8-10.
[6]海英.荒漠草原环境下马粪分解特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2008.
[7] Asa Hadin,Eriksson O.Horse manure as feedstock for anaerobic digestion[J].Waste Manag,2016,56:506-518.
[8]谢卫国,黄铁平,刘如清.湖南省有机无机高效复混肥的配方研发及应用初探[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,23(5):49-51.
[9]黄培钊,刘刚,周向阳,等.GB18877—2002有机无机复混肥料[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]鲁如坤,朱海舟,何平安,等.土壤农业大化学分析方法[M].北京:中国土壤学会,2000.
[11]周忠雄.不同菌剂及调理剂对鸡粪堆肥的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[12] Bach P D,Shoda M,Kubota H.Rate of composting of dewatered sewage sludge in continuously mixed isothermal reactor[J].Journal of Fermentation Technology,1984,62(3):285-292.
[13]李国学,李玉春,李彦富.固体废物堆肥化及堆肥添加剂研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(2):252-256.
[14] Cárdenas-González B,Sarina J E,Michael S S.Characterization of compost biofiltration media[J].Journal of Air Waste Management Association,1999,49(7):784-793.
[15]汤仲恩,朱文玲,吴启堂.环境条件对猪粪好氧堆肥过程的影响[J].生态科学,2006,25(5):467-471.
[16] Bernal M P,Alburquerque J A,Moral R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment.A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.
[17]Bertoldi M D,Vallini G,Pera A.The biology of composting:a review[J].Waste Management and Research,1983,1(1):157-176.
[18]于子旋,杨静静,王语嫣,等.畜禽粪便堆肥的理化腐熟指标及其红外光谱[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):2015-2023.
[19]李群岭.不同发酵菌的堆肥效果研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[20]黄向东,韩志英,石德智,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氮素的损失与控制[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):247-254.
[21]鲍艳宇,周启星,颜丽,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的动态变化及腐熟度评价指标[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):374-380.