煅烧改性净水厂污泥的除磷特性
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摘要
本文通过扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)技术对净水厂污泥(WTPS)和煅烧改性净水厂污泥(C-WTPS)进行表征,运用吸附动力学和吸附等温模型研究了WTPS和C-WTPS的磷吸附特征,比较了WTPS和C-WTPS的氨氮和总有机碳释放量,分析了C-WTPS对磷的固定形态,结果表明,与WTPS相比,C-WTPS表面出现大量的裂层,碳和氮元素的质量百分含量分别减少5.52%、1.36%,铁和铝元素的质量百分含量分别增加2.3%、0.54%.C-WTPS对磷的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,说明其对磷的吸附主要受化学作用控制.Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型都能较好描述C-WTPS的磷吸附过程,Langmuir拟合参数表明C-WTPS的理论饱和磷吸附量为3.34 mg·g~(-1),是WTPS的1.6倍.WTPS中无机磷(IP)多于有机磷(OP),煅烧改性使得WTPS中的OP存在向IP转化的趋势. C-WTPS吸附的磷主要以非磷灰石无机磷(NAIP)的形态存在,说明C-WTPS中的铁、铝元素在磷吸附过程中发挥了重要的作用.与WTPS比较,C-WTPS的氨氮和有机物释放风险显著减少.因此,C-WTPS是一种更优良的除磷材料.
Appearance and components of water treatment plant sludge( WTPS) and calcined water treatment plant sludge( C-WTPS) were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry( SEM-EDS). Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of WTPS and C-WTPS were investigated through adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm tests. The release amount of ammonia nitrogen and total organic carbon of WTPS and C-WTPS was compared. The forms of adsorbed phosphorus in C-WTPS were analyzed. The results showed that,compared with WTPS,a large number of cracks appeared on the surface of C-WTPS. The mass percentage of carbon and nitrogen on the surface of C-WTPS decreased by 5. 52% and 1. 36% respectively,and the mass percentage of iron and aluminium on the surface of C-WTPS increased by 2. 3% and 0. 54%respectively. The results of kinetic experiment showed that the adsorption process of phosphorus on C-WTPS followed the pseudo-second-order model,which indicates that the adsorptes of phosphorus is mainly controlled by chemical action. The Langmuir and Freundlich equation could describe well the phosphorus adsorption process of C-WTPS. The Langmuir equation data indicated that the P saturation adsorption capacity of C-WTPS was 3. 34 mg·g~(-1),which was 1.6 times that of WTPS.There was more inorganic phosphorus( IP) than organic phosphorus( OP) on WTPS,but the calcination converted OP in WTPS to IP. Fractionation of the phosphorus indicated that adsorbed phosphorus in C-WTPS existed in mostly non apatite inorganic phosphorus( NAIP),indicating that iron and aluminum on the C-WTPS played an important role in the process of phosphorus adsorption.The risk of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter release for C-WTPS is much lower than that of WTPS. Therefore,C-WTPS is a better material for phosphorus removal.
Appearance and components of water treatment plant sludge( WTPS) and calcined water treatment plant sludge( C-WTPS) were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry( SEM-EDS). Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of WTPS and C-WTPS were investigated through adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm tests. The release amount of ammonia nitrogen and total organic carbon of WTPS and C-WTPS was compared. The forms of adsorbed phosphorus in C-WTPS were analyzed. The results showed that,compared with WTPS,a large number of cracks appeared on the surface of C-WTPS. The mass percentage of carbon and nitrogen on the surface of C-WTPS decreased by 5. 52% and 1. 36% respectively,and the mass percentage of iron and aluminium on the surface of C-WTPS increased by 2. 3% and 0. 54%respectively. The results of kinetic experiment showed that the adsorption process of phosphorus on C-WTPS followed the pseudo-second-order model,which indicates that the adsorptes of phosphorus is mainly controlled by chemical action. The Langmuir and Freundlich equation could describe well the phosphorus adsorption process of C-WTPS. The Langmuir equation data indicated that the P saturation adsorption capacity of C-WTPS was 3. 34 mg·g~(-1),which was 1.6 times that of WTPS.There was more inorganic phosphorus( IP) than organic phosphorus( OP) on WTPS,but the calcination converted OP in WTPS to IP. Fractionation of the phosphorus indicated that adsorbed phosphorus in C-WTPS existed in mostly non apatite inorganic phosphorus( NAIP),indicating that iron and aluminum on the C-WTPS played an important role in the process of phosphorus adsorption.The risk of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter release for C-WTPS is much lower than that of WTPS. Therefore,C-WTPS is a better material for phosphorus removal.
引文
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[15]高思佳,王昌辉,裴元生.热活化和酸活化给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥的吸磷效果[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):606-611.GAO S J,WANG C H,PEI Y S. Effects of phosphate removal by thermal-and acid-activated ferric and alum water treatment residuals[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(3):606-611(in Chinese).
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[17] RUBAN V,LPEZSNCHEZ J F,PARDO P,et al. Selection and evaluation of sequential extraction procedures for the determination ofphosphorus forms in lake sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,1999,1(1):51-56.
[18] GONZLEZ MEDEIROS J J,PREZ C B,FERNNDEZ G E. Analytical phosphorus fractionation in sewage sludge and sediment samples[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2005,381(4):873-878.
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[20] LIU X,ZHANG L. Removal of phosphate anions using the modified chitosan beads:Adsorption kinetic,isotherm and mechanism studies[J]. Powder Technology,2015,277:112-119.
[21] LU J,LIU H,ZHAO X,et al. Phosphate removal from water using freshly formed Fe-Mn binary oxide:Adsorption behaviors andmechanisms[J]. Colloids&Surfaces A Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2014,455(1):11-18.
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[23] LALLEY J,HAN C,LI X,et al. Phosphate adsorption using modified iron oxide-based sorbents in lake water:Kinetics,equilibrium,andcolumn tests[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,284:1386-1396.
[24]黄色燕,刘云凤,曹威,等.改性稻草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):240-248.HUANG S Y,LIU Y F,CAO W,et al. Adsorption kinetics of Cr(Ⅵ)onto modified rice straw[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(2):240-248(in Chinese).
[25] DONG X,MA L Q,LI Y. Characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing[J]. Journalof Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1-3):909-915.
[26]赵桂瑜,周琪.页岩陶粒对水体中磷的吸附作用及动力学[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(3):182-185.ZHAO G Y,ZHOU Q. Adsorption of phosphate on shale granules[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control,2007,29(3):182-185(inChinese).
[27] WANG C H,GAO S J,WANG T X,et al. Effectiveness of sequential thermal and acid activation on phosphorus removal by ferric and alumwater treatment residuals[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,172(2):885-891.
[2] WANG C,BAI L,JIANG H L,et al. Algal bloom sedimentation induces variable control of lake eutrophication by phosphorus inactivatingagents[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,557:479-488.
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部. 2016年《中国环境状况公报》(摘录)[J].环境保护,2017,45(11):35-47.Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC. China Environmental Status Bulletin 2016(Excerpt)[J]. Environmental Protection. 2017,45(11):35-47(in Chinese).
[4]张小梅,李睿华,刘卓,等.天然菱铁矿去除水中磷的性能研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(1):219-226.ZHANG X M,LI R H,LIU Z,et al. Performance of phosphorus removal from wastewater by natural siderite[J]. Acta ScientiaeCircumstantiae,2017,37(1):219-226(in Chinese).
[5]李振炫,刁家勇,黄利东,等.开放系统下方解石对磷的去除[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4523-4530.LI Z X,DIAO J Y,HUANG L D,et al. Removal of phosphate by calcite in open-system[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4523-4530(in Chinese).
[6]张芙蓉,雷行,常冰,等.铝锰复合氧化物负载沸石对氨氮和磷的同步吸附特性[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2163-2169.ZHANG F R,LEI X,CHANG B,et al. Characteristics of simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and ammonia nitrogen onto aluminum-manganese bimetal oxide coated zeolite[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):2163-2169(in Chinese).
[7]韩梅香,尹洪斌,唐婉莹.热改性凹土钝化底泥对水体磷的吸附特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):100-108.HAN M X,YIN H B,TANG W Y. Phosphorus sorption from aqueous solution by the thermally-treated attapulgite amended sediment[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):100-108(in Chinese).
[8]王卫东,郝瑞霞,张晓娴,等.高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-LDO的制备及除磷机制[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):572-579.WANG W D,HAO R X,ZHANG X X,et al. Preparation and phosphorus removal mechanism of highly efficient phosphorus adsorbentMg/Al-LDO[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(2):572-579(in Chinese).
[9] IPPOLITO J A,BARBARICK K A,ELLIOTT H A. Drinking water treatment residuals:A review of recent uses[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Quality,2011,40(1):1-12.
[10] BABATUNDE A O,ZHAO Y Q,BURKE A M,et al. Characterization of aluminium-based water treatment residual for potential phosphorusremoval in engineered wetlands[J]. Environmental Pollution,2009,157:2830-2836.
[11] WANG C,GAO S,PEI Y,et al. Use of drinking water treatment residuals to control the internal phosphorus loading from lake sediments:Laboratory scale investigation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,225(3):93-99.
[12]黄华山,杨志敏,周真明,等.净水厂污泥覆盖控制底泥氮磷释放效果[J].华侨大学学报(自然版),2016,37(3):347-351.HUANG H S,YANG Z M,ZHOU Z M,et al. Efficiency of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment using thin-layercapping with water treatment plant sludge[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University(natural science),2016,37(3):347-351(in Chinese).
[13] ICHIHARA M,NISHIO T. Suppression of phosphorus release from sediments using water clarifier sludge as capping material[J].Environmental Technology,2013,34(13-16):2291-2299.
[14]刘啟迪,周真明,张红忠,等.煅烧改性净水厂污泥制备除磷材料工艺参数优化[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(1):51-56.LIU Q D,ZHOU Z M,ZHANG H Z,et al. Parameter optimization of preparing phosphorus removal material by using calcined watertreatment plant sludge[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2018,40(1):51-56(in Chinese).
[15]高思佳,王昌辉,裴元生.热活化和酸活化给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥的吸磷效果[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):606-611.GAO S J,WANG C H,PEI Y S. Effects of phosphate removal by thermal-and acid-activated ferric and alum water treatment residuals[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(3):606-611(in Chinese).
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:243-246,276-281.State Environmental Protection Administration of China. Monitoring and analyzing methods of water and wastewater(fourth edition)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:243-246,276-281(in Chinese).
[17] RUBAN V,LPEZSNCHEZ J F,PARDO P,et al. Selection and evaluation of sequential extraction procedures for the determination ofphosphorus forms in lake sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,1999,1(1):51-56.
[18] GONZLEZ MEDEIROS J J,PREZ C B,FERNNDEZ G E. Analytical phosphorus fractionation in sewage sludge and sediment samples[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2005,381(4):873-878.
[19]于岩.新型水相吸附材料[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:14-20.YU Y. A new type of aqueous adsorption material[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2016:14-20(in Chinese).
[20] LIU X,ZHANG L. Removal of phosphate anions using the modified chitosan beads:Adsorption kinetic,isotherm and mechanism studies[J]. Powder Technology,2015,277:112-119.
[21] LU J,LIU H,ZHAO X,et al. Phosphate removal from water using freshly formed Fe-Mn binary oxide:Adsorption behaviors andmechanisms[J]. Colloids&Surfaces A Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2014,455(1):11-18.
[22] WANG C H,GUO W,TIAN B H,et al. Characteristics and kinetics of phosphate adsorption on dewatered ferric-alum residuals[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part A Toxic/hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering,2011,46(14):1632-1639.
[23] LALLEY J,HAN C,LI X,et al. Phosphate adsorption using modified iron oxide-based sorbents in lake water:Kinetics,equilibrium,andcolumn tests[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,284:1386-1396.
[24]黄色燕,刘云凤,曹威,等.改性稻草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):240-248.HUANG S Y,LIU Y F,CAO W,et al. Adsorption kinetics of Cr(Ⅵ)onto modified rice straw[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(2):240-248(in Chinese).
[25] DONG X,MA L Q,LI Y. Characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing[J]. Journalof Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1-3):909-915.
[26]赵桂瑜,周琪.页岩陶粒对水体中磷的吸附作用及动力学[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(3):182-185.ZHAO G Y,ZHOU Q. Adsorption of phosphate on shale granules[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control,2007,29(3):182-185(inChinese).
[27] WANG C H,GAO S J,WANG T X,et al. Effectiveness of sequential thermal and acid activation on phosphorus removal by ferric and alumwater treatment residuals[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,172(2):885-891.
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