青海日月山断裂德州段断错地貌的高分辨率遥感影像解译
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摘要
青海日月山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘柴达木—祁连活动地块内部的一条NNW走向的右旋走滑兼逆冲断裂。本文基于ENVI 5.1遥感图像处理平台对研究区高分一号多光谱(分辨率8m)和全色(分辨率2m)影像进行融合,获取了高保真、高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。通过多尺度、多角度、多层次的构造解译以及对比,将日月山西支断裂的海晏段划分为德州段(F1-3)和海晏段(F1-4)两个次级段,同时利用高分辨率Google Earth影像对德州段断错微地貌进行了解译、分析,结合对德州段野外地质考察,进一步验证了影像解译结果。研究表明:日月山断裂的德州段由5条次级段落组成(f_1,f_2,f_3,f_4,f_5),并且该段断裂晚更新世以来活动性明显,以右旋走滑为主兼有逆倾滑分量;断裂在晚更新世以来发生过多期断层活动,其中全新世断层活动可划分为两期,最新一期水平位错量为6.5~8.7m,第二期水平位错量为12.3~14m;晚更新世也可划分出两期活动,第一期水平位错量为16~20m,第二期水平位错量为28.5~47m。
The Riyueshan fault zone which locates in the northeastern margin of the Qaidam—Qilian active block is an NNW trending inverse dextral strike-slip fault.Using ENVI 5.1image processing platform,we have fused the thigh GF-1spectrum(resolution8m)and panchromatic(resolution 2m)image for a high-fidelity,high-resolution satellite remote sensing image of the study area.Through interpretation and comparison with the multi-scale,multi-angle,multi-level structure,we divide Haiyan segment fracture(F_(1-3),F_(1-4))in west branch of Riyueshan fault zone into two sub-segments including Dezhou segment(F_(1-3))and Haiyan segment(F_(1-4)),while we use the high-resolution Google-Earth images of each fault segment faulted micro-geomorphology translation to interpret and analyze.Based on geological surveying and field researching in Dezhou segment,we found that image interpretation is consistent with the field results.According to the remote sensing image,Dezhou section can be divided into five subparagraph(f_1,f_2,f_3,f_4,f_5),and then according to the dislocation landform,the activity of Dezhou segment have become stronger since late Pleistocene,and strike-slip component is greater than the dip-slip component,for the reverse dip-slip fault properties.Fault occurred multi-phase fault activity events since the late Pleistocene and the Holocene Active fault can be divided into two stages,the latest issue of horizontal displacement for 6.5~8.7m,the second phase of the horizontal dislocation is 12.3~14 m;and the late Pleistocene can be divided into two sessions,the first phase of the horizontal displacement for 16~20 m,the second phase of the horizontal displacement for 28.5~47m.
The Riyueshan fault zone which locates in the northeastern margin of the Qaidam—Qilian active block is an NNW trending inverse dextral strike-slip fault.Using ENVI 5.1image processing platform,we have fused the thigh GF-1spectrum(resolution8m)and panchromatic(resolution 2m)image for a high-fidelity,high-resolution satellite remote sensing image of the study area.Through interpretation and comparison with the multi-scale,multi-angle,multi-level structure,we divide Haiyan segment fracture(F_(1-3),F_(1-4))in west branch of Riyueshan fault zone into two sub-segments including Dezhou segment(F_(1-3))and Haiyan segment(F_(1-4)),while we use the high-resolution Google-Earth images of each fault segment faulted micro-geomorphology translation to interpret and analyze.Based on geological surveying and field researching in Dezhou segment,we found that image interpretation is consistent with the field results.According to the remote sensing image,Dezhou section can be divided into five subparagraph(f_1,f_2,f_3,f_4,f_5),and then according to the dislocation landform,the activity of Dezhou segment have become stronger since late Pleistocene,and strike-slip component is greater than the dip-slip component,for the reverse dip-slip fault properties.Fault occurred multi-phase fault activity events since the late Pleistocene and the Holocene Active fault can be divided into two stages,the latest issue of horizontal displacement for 6.5~8.7m,the second phase of the horizontal dislocation is 12.3~14 m;and the late Pleistocene can be divided into two sessions,the first phase of the horizontal displacement for 16~20 m,the second phase of the horizontal displacement for 28.5~47m.
引文
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[18]李天龙,张世民,丁锐,等.基于P5立体像对和高分辨率Google Earth影像的丽江—小金河断裂断错地貌解译[J].震灾防御技术,2014,9(1):40-52.
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[24]何宏林,周本刚.地震活动断层分段和最大潜在地震[J].地震地质,1993,15(4):333-340.
[2]徐秀杰,张凌,王振杰,等.基于多元遥感数据分析日喀则地区活动断裂的影像特征[J].震灾防御技术,2015,10(2):227-239.
[3]李家存,吴中海,张铎,等.青海玉树主要活动断裂的遥感影像解译及构造活动性[J].地质通报,2014,33(4):535-550.
[4]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水—日月山断裂带的新活动特征[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):155-165.
[5]李智敏,王强,屠泓为.热水—日月山断裂带遥感特征初步探讨[J].高原地震,2012,24(3):16-22.
[6]Yuan D Y,Champagnac J D,Ge W P,et al.Late Quaternary right-lateral slip rates of faults adjacent to the lake Qinhai,northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2011,123:2 016-2 030.
[7]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水—日月山断裂带古地震的初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(2):136-142.
[8]李智敏,李文巧,田勤俭,等.青藏高原东北缘热水—日月山断裂带热水段古地震初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(4):1 766-1 771.
[9]中华人民共和国1:2万区域地质调查报告(刚察大寺幅)[R].青海省地质局第一区域地质测量队六分队,1976.
[10]中华人民共和国1:2万地质矿产图说明书(海晏幅)[M].地质部青海省地质局,1966.
[11]中华人民共和国1:2万区域水文地质普查报告(西宁、乐都幅)[R].青海省地质局,1984.
[12]白照广.高分一号卫星的技术特点[J].中国航天,2013,(8):5-9.
[13]崔佳洁,李世明.高分一号卫星影像的融合方法比较研究[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2015,29(3):12-15.
[14]王晓绵,姜芸.高分一号遥感卫星影像融合及质量评价方法研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(8):178-182.
[15]张之武,付碧宏,Yasuo Awata.新疆阿尔泰山南部富蕴右旋走滑断裂带晚第四纪错断水系的遥感分析研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(2):273-279.
[16]罗国文,阴志宏,杨树文.断裂构造遥感识别和提取方法的现状与方法[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(2):31-35.
[17]马丹,吴中海,李家存,等.川西理塘断裂带的空间展布与第四纪左旋走滑活动的遥感影像标志[J].地质学报,2014,8(88):1 417-1 435.
[18]李天龙,张世民,丁锐,等.基于P5立体像对和高分辨率Google Earth影像的丽江—小金河断裂断错地貌解译[J].震灾防御技术,2014,9(1):40-52.
[19]邓起东,活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(一)[M].国家地震局地质研究所编,现代地壳运动研究,北京:地震出版社,1995,6.
[20]丁国瑜.地震预报与活断层分段[J].地震学刊,1993,18-11.
[21]丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.活断层分段原则、方法及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[22]丁国瑜.活断层的分段模型[J].地学前缘,1995,2(1-2):195-202.
[23]丁国瑜.有关活断层分段的一些问题[J].中国地震,1992,8(2):1-10.
[24]何宏林,周本刚.地震活动断层分段和最大潜在地震[J].地震地质,1993,15(4):333-340.