盐城滨海平原地下水质量现状及健康风险评价
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摘要
为了查明盐城滨海平原区地下水质量状况,选择具有代表性的267个地下水井,检测了33项化学指标,利用单指标综合评价和影响因素识别相结合的方法研究了本区地下水的质量现状,并同时给出毒理学指标的饮水途径健康风险以供参考。结果表明:一般化学指标对本区地下水质量影响程度最高,原生指标中钠离子、铁、锰、氯化物、溶解性总固体、碘化物,砷化物对超Ⅲ类水单指标贡献率超过20%,污染指标中氨氮贡献率最大,为8%,重金属指标对区域地下水质量影响很小;化学致癌物As、Cd和Cr中,As的健康风险值最大,各含水层所致健康危害风险值数量级在10~(-5)~10~(-3)a~(-1),为研究区首要的环境健康风险管理控制指标;化学非致癌物亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氟化物中,氟化物的健康风险最大,其数量级在10~(-8)~10~(-6)a~(-1),深层地下水和浅层地下水样品中超过USEPA(1×10~(-4)a~(-1))最大可接受风险的比例分别为82%和88%;重金属指标汞、锰、铜、锌和铅的健康危害风险值均较小,绝大部分都低于10~(-6)a~(-1),其中锰和铅的健康风险值相对较高。开展地下水质量和毒理指标的健康风险评价,可为本区地下水资源的合理开采利用和保护提供参考。
To investigate the groundwater quality of Yancheng Coastal Plain,33 chemical indexes were detected from the groundwater samples collected from 267 representative groundwater wells. Through the conjunctive use of the single factor comprehensive evaluation and the identification factor,the current status of groundwater quality was identified and the human health risk of toxicological indicators were given for references. Results showed that: the normal chemical index exerts the greatest influence on the quality of groundwater. According to IV-V class groundwater,and the total contribution rates of sodium,iron,manganese,chloride,total dissolved solids,iodide and arsenic,which are kinds of protogenetic component,are more than 20%. among all of the pollution indexes,the contribution rates of ammonia nitrogen is 8%,and the influence of heavy metals on the regional groundwater quality is negligible; the health risk of arsenic( As) is 10~(-5)~ 10~(-3)a~(-1),which is highest of three chemical carcinogens( As,Cd and Cr). As is the primary control index for environmental health risk management; Among the health risks of chemical non-carcinogens of NO_2~-,NO_3~-,F and five heavy metals( Hg,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb),F has the highest health risk with the values within 10-8~ 10-6 a-1 and the maximum acceptable rates were 82% for the deep groundwater and 88% for the shallow groundwater beyond the USEPA standard( 1 × 10~(-4)a~(-1)). The health risk val-ues of the five heavy metals all within the acceptable range( less than 1 × 10~(-6) a~(-1)) for the vast majority samples,except Mn and Pb has a relative highe health risk values which still within the acceptable range( 1× 10~(-6) a~(-1)). The study of groundwater quality and health risk assessment of toxicological index can provide references for exploitation,utilization and protection of groundwater resources.
To investigate the groundwater quality of Yancheng Coastal Plain,33 chemical indexes were detected from the groundwater samples collected from 267 representative groundwater wells. Through the conjunctive use of the single factor comprehensive evaluation and the identification factor,the current status of groundwater quality was identified and the human health risk of toxicological indicators were given for references. Results showed that: the normal chemical index exerts the greatest influence on the quality of groundwater. According to IV-V class groundwater,and the total contribution rates of sodium,iron,manganese,chloride,total dissolved solids,iodide and arsenic,which are kinds of protogenetic component,are more than 20%. among all of the pollution indexes,the contribution rates of ammonia nitrogen is 8%,and the influence of heavy metals on the regional groundwater quality is negligible; the health risk of arsenic( As) is 10~(-5)~ 10~(-3)a~(-1),which is highest of three chemical carcinogens( As,Cd and Cr). As is the primary control index for environmental health risk management; Among the health risks of chemical non-carcinogens of NO_2~-,NO_3~-,F and five heavy metals( Hg,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb),F has the highest health risk with the values within 10-8~ 10-6 a-1 and the maximum acceptable rates were 82% for the deep groundwater and 88% for the shallow groundwater beyond the USEPA standard( 1 × 10~(-4)a~(-1)). The health risk val-ues of the five heavy metals all within the acceptable range( less than 1 × 10~(-6) a~(-1)) for the vast majority samples,except Mn and Pb has a relative highe health risk values which still within the acceptable range( 1× 10~(-6) a~(-1)). The study of groundwater quality and health risk assessment of toxicological index can provide references for exploitation,utilization and protection of groundwater resources.
引文
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[23]高翔,蒙海涛,易晓娟.天津市宝坻区农村地下水健康风险评价[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(9):156-158.
[2]卞锦宇,方瑞.盐城市地下水水质控制因素分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(5):56-60.
[3]马钧霆,陈锁忠,何志超,等.盐城滨海冲积平原孔隙承压地下水埋深对水质的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1583-1594.
[4]张岩,付昌昌,毛磊,等.江苏盐城地区地下水水化学特征及形成机理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(4):598-605.
[5]王文强.综合指数法在地下水水质评价中的应用[J].水利科技与经济,2008,14(1):54-55.
[6]谷朝君,潘颖,潘明杰.内梅罗指数法在地下水水质评价中的应用及存在问题[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(1):45-47.
[7]徐健,吴玮,黄天寅,等.改进的模糊综合评价法在同里古镇水质评价中的应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(2):143-149.
[8]席文娟,金婧,钱会.改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):25-29.
[9]李亚松,张兆吉,费宇红,等.改进的灰色聚类法在地下水质量评价中的应用[J].水资源保护,2012,28(5):25-28.
[10]王鼐,董维红,张岩,等.开封南郊垃圾场地下水质量的熵权属性识别评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):94-99.
[11]文冬光,林良俊,孙继朝,等.中国东部主要平原地下水质量与污染评价[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2012,37(2):220-228.
[12]费宇红,张兆吉,郭春艳,等.区域地下水质量评价及影响因素识别方法研究——以华北平原为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(2):131-138.
[13]段小丽,王宗爽,李琴,等.基于参数实测的水中重金属暴露的健康风险研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1329-1339.
[14]程雅柔.贵阳市生活饮用水水质检测及健康风险评价[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[15]陈鸿汉,谌宏伟,何江涛,等.污染场地健康风险评价的理论和方法[J].地学前缘,2006,13(1):216-223.
[16]林曼利,桂和荣,彭位华,等.典型矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及健康风险评价——以皖北矿区为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):589-598.
[17]许真,何江涛,马文洁,等.地下水质量指标分类综合评价方法研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(6):6-12.
[18]Muhammad S,Shah M T,Khan S.Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region,northern Pakistan[J].Microchemical Journal,2011,98(2):334-343.
[19]云奋,杨咪咪,马彩凤,等.大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区环境生态中砷暴露水平调查[J].卫生研究,2015,44(1):82-85.
[20]沈雁峰,孙殿军,赵新华,等.中国饮水型地方性砷中毒病区和高砷区水砷筛查报告[J].中国地方病学杂志,2005,24(2):172-175.
[21]金银龙,梁超轲,何公理,等.中国地方性砷中毒分布调查协作组.中国地方性砷中毒分布调查(总报告)[J].卫生研究,2003,32(6):519-540.
[22]黄磊,李鹏程,刘白薇.长江三角洲地区地下水污染健康风险评价[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(2):26-29.
[23]高翔,蒙海涛,易晓娟.天津市宝坻区农村地下水健康风险评价[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(9):156-158.