应用经验正交函数估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面
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摘要
本文基于IRI模型、地面数字测高仪和GNSS TEC数据,提出了一种利用经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,简称EOF)估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面的方法,并将其应用于美国Millstone Hill测高仪和GNSS数据以估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面.通过将估算的临界频率、峰值高度、400km以上电子密度分别与测高仪实测临界频率、测高仪实测峰值高度以及非相干散射雷达实测400km以上电子密度作对比以对方法的有效性进行验证.统计结果显示估算临界频率、峰值高度与测高仪实测数据基本一致,400km以上估算电子密度相较于非相干散射雷达实测的绝对误差平均值仅是测高仪推算400km以上电子密度绝对误差平均值的一半左右.所以本文提出的方法可以更加精确地估算顶部电离层电子密度.
Based on the international reference ionosphere(IRI)model,digital ionosonde and GNSS TEC data,we proposed a method which uses the empirical orthogonal function to estimate the topside ionospheric electron density profile and applied it to the Millstone Hill station.We then compared the estimated critical frequency and peak height with the digital ionosonde observations,and compared the estimated electron density above 400 km with density observed by incoherent scatter radar(ISR).Statistical results show that the estimated critical frequency and peak height are in consistent with the digital ionosonde data,the absolute error between modeled and ISR measured density above 400 km reduces 50%in comparison with that between digital ionosonde derivations and ISR.In summary,adding GNSS TEC in addition to digisonde could improve the topside ionospheric electron density estimation by our method accurately.
Based on the international reference ionosphere(IRI)model,digital ionosonde and GNSS TEC data,we proposed a method which uses the empirical orthogonal function to estimate the topside ionospheric electron density profile and applied it to the Millstone Hill station.We then compared the estimated critical frequency and peak height with the digital ionosonde observations,and compared the estimated electron density above 400 km with density observed by incoherent scatter radar(ISR).Statistical results show that the estimated critical frequency and peak height are in consistent with the digital ionosonde data,the absolute error between modeled and ISR measured density above 400 km reduces 50%in comparison with that between digital ionosonde derivations and ISR.In summary,adding GNSS TEC in addition to digisonde could improve the topside ionospheric electron density estimation by our method accurately.
引文
Bibl K,Reinisch B W.1978.The universal digital ionosonde.Radio Science,13(3):519-530.
Bilitza D,Huang X Q,Reinisch B W,et al.2004.Topside Ionogram Scaler With True Height Algorithm(TOPIST):Automated processing of ISIS topside ionograms.Radio Science,39(1):RS1S27,doi:10.1029/2002RS002840.
Bilitza D,Reinisch B W,Radicella S M,et al.2006.Improvements of the International Reference Ionosphere model for the topside electron density profile.Radio Science,41(5):RS5S15,doi:10.1029/2005RS003370.
Bilitza D,Mckinnell L A,Reinisch B,et al.2011.The international reference ionosphere today and in the future.Journal of Geodesy,85(12):909-920,doi:10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x.
Huang X Q,Reinisch B W.1982.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:2.True height inversion of topside ionograms with the profile-fitting method.Radio Science,17(4):837-844.
Huang X Q,Reinisch B W.2001.Vertical electron content from ionograms in real time.Radio Science,36(2):335-342.
Lin Z X,Zhang Y T,Wu Q,et al.2014.Ionospheric data assimilation and inversion experiment with using the single ionosonde and GPSdata.Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),33(2):85-88.
Liu L B,Huang H,Chen Y D,et al.2015.Deriving the effective scale height in the topside ionosphere based on ionosonde and satellite in situ observations.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,119(10):8472-8482,doi:10.1002/2014JA020505.
Mei B,Wan W X.2007.An empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of ionospheric electron density profiles based on the observation of incoherent scatter radars at Millstone Hill.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(1):10-16.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.1982.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:1.Automatic O and Xtrace identification for topside ionograms.Radio Science,17(2):421-434.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.1983.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:3.Processing of bottomside ionograms.Radio Science,18(3):477-492.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.2001.Deducing topside profiles and total electron content from bottomside ionograms.Advances in Space Research,27(1):23-30
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q,Belehaki A,et al.2004.Modeling the IRI topside profile using scale heights from ground-based ionosonde measurements.Advances in Space Research,34(9):2026-2031.
She C L,Wan W X,Yue X A,et al.2017.Global ionospheric electron density estimation based on multisource TEC data assimilation.GPS Solutions,21(3):1125-1137,doi:10.1007/s10291-016-0580-7.
Sibanda P,McKinnell L A.2009.Evaluating the IRI topside model for the South African region:An overview of the modelling techniques.Advances in Space Research,44(6):707-714.
Stankov S M,Jakowski N,Heise S,et al.2003.A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,108(A5):1164,doi:10.1029/2002JA009570.
Von Storch H,Zwiers F W.1999.Statistical Analysis in Climate Research.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Xiong N L,Tang C C,Li X J.1999.Introduction to Ionospheric Physic(in Chinese).Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.
Zhang M L,Reinisch B W,Shi J K,et al.2006.Diurnal and seasonal variation of the ionogram-derived scale height at the F2peak.Advances in Space Research,37(5):967-971.
林兆祥,张雨田,吴祺等.2014.利用单站电离层测高仪与GPS数据的同化反演试验.中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):85-88.
梅冰,万卫星.2007.基于Millstone Hill非相干散射雷达观测的电离层电子浓度剖面的经验正交函数分析.地球物理学报,51(1):10-16.
熊年禄,唐存琛,李行健.1999.电离层物理概论.武汉:武汉大学出版社.
Bilitza D,Huang X Q,Reinisch B W,et al.2004.Topside Ionogram Scaler With True Height Algorithm(TOPIST):Automated processing of ISIS topside ionograms.Radio Science,39(1):RS1S27,doi:10.1029/2002RS002840.
Bilitza D,Reinisch B W,Radicella S M,et al.2006.Improvements of the International Reference Ionosphere model for the topside electron density profile.Radio Science,41(5):RS5S15,doi:10.1029/2005RS003370.
Bilitza D,Mckinnell L A,Reinisch B,et al.2011.The international reference ionosphere today and in the future.Journal of Geodesy,85(12):909-920,doi:10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x.
Huang X Q,Reinisch B W.1982.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:2.True height inversion of topside ionograms with the profile-fitting method.Radio Science,17(4):837-844.
Huang X Q,Reinisch B W.2001.Vertical electron content from ionograms in real time.Radio Science,36(2):335-342.
Lin Z X,Zhang Y T,Wu Q,et al.2014.Ionospheric data assimilation and inversion experiment with using the single ionosonde and GPSdata.Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),33(2):85-88.
Liu L B,Huang H,Chen Y D,et al.2015.Deriving the effective scale height in the topside ionosphere based on ionosonde and satellite in situ observations.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,119(10):8472-8482,doi:10.1002/2014JA020505.
Mei B,Wan W X.2007.An empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of ionospheric electron density profiles based on the observation of incoherent scatter radars at Millstone Hill.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(1):10-16.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.1982.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:1.Automatic O and Xtrace identification for topside ionograms.Radio Science,17(2):421-434.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.1983.Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms:3.Processing of bottomside ionograms.Radio Science,18(3):477-492.
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q.2001.Deducing topside profiles and total electron content from bottomside ionograms.Advances in Space Research,27(1):23-30
Reinisch B W,Huang X Q,Belehaki A,et al.2004.Modeling the IRI topside profile using scale heights from ground-based ionosonde measurements.Advances in Space Research,34(9):2026-2031.
She C L,Wan W X,Yue X A,et al.2017.Global ionospheric electron density estimation based on multisource TEC data assimilation.GPS Solutions,21(3):1125-1137,doi:10.1007/s10291-016-0580-7.
Sibanda P,McKinnell L A.2009.Evaluating the IRI topside model for the South African region:An overview of the modelling techniques.Advances in Space Research,44(6):707-714.
Stankov S M,Jakowski N,Heise S,et al.2003.A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,108(A5):1164,doi:10.1029/2002JA009570.
Von Storch H,Zwiers F W.1999.Statistical Analysis in Climate Research.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Xiong N L,Tang C C,Li X J.1999.Introduction to Ionospheric Physic(in Chinese).Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.
Zhang M L,Reinisch B W,Shi J K,et al.2006.Diurnal and seasonal variation of the ionogram-derived scale height at the F2peak.Advances in Space Research,37(5):967-971.
林兆祥,张雨田,吴祺等.2014.利用单站电离层测高仪与GPS数据的同化反演试验.中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):85-88.
梅冰,万卫星.2007.基于Millstone Hill非相干散射雷达观测的电离层电子浓度剖面的经验正交函数分析.地球物理学报,51(1):10-16.
熊年禄,唐存琛,李行健.1999.电离层物理概论.武汉:武汉大学出版社.