不同肥料对华南双季稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响
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摘要
肥料种类和施肥方式会影响水稻产量和养分吸收利用效率。本文研究了等氮条件下不同肥料对华南双季稻产量及其构成因子、物质转运和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与施控释肥(N、P、K含量分别为25%、6%和19%)处理相比,施传统复合肥(N、P、K含量均为15%)和快美复混肥(N、P、K含量分别为24%、7%和19%)的处理,水稻抽穗期叶片SPAD值显著增加,穗部干物质累积量、穗部干物质累积速率和库容量分别增加2.7%～17.1%、1.6%～17.1%和5.4%～11.0%;水稻总吸氮量、氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力分别增加9.4%～38.2%、26.6%～102.4%、19.3%～76.7%和4.5%～15.1%。在本试验条件下,快美复混肥是提高华南双季稻产量、氮肥利用效率的优势肥源。
The fertilizer types and the fertilization methods affect the yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice. In this paper, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types on rice yield, yield components, material translocation, fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with the controlled release fertilizer(the contents of N, P, K were 25%, 6%and 19% respectively), the SPAD values of heading date of the traditional compound fertilizer(the conetnts of N, P, K were 15% respectively)and Kuaimei mixed fertilizer(the contents of N, P, K were 24%, 7% and 19% respectively)were increased significantly,and the dry matter accumulation of panicles, its accumulation rate and sink capacity were increased by 2.7%～17.1%, 1.6%～17.1%and 5.4%～11.0%, respectively, the total N uptake, N fertilizer recycling efficiency, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, partial factor productivity of applied N were enhanced by 9.4%～38.2%, 26.6%～102.4%, 19.3%～76.7% and 4.5%～15.1%, respectively. Under the conditions of this test, Kuaimei mixed fertilizer was the ideal fertilizer to improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice in South China.
The fertilizer types and the fertilization methods affect the yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice. In this paper, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types on rice yield, yield components, material translocation, fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with the controlled release fertilizer(the contents of N, P, K were 25%, 6%and 19% respectively), the SPAD values of heading date of the traditional compound fertilizer(the conetnts of N, P, K were 15% respectively)and Kuaimei mixed fertilizer(the contents of N, P, K were 24%, 7% and 19% respectively)were increased significantly,and the dry matter accumulation of panicles, its accumulation rate and sink capacity were increased by 2.7%～17.1%, 1.6%～17.1%and 5.4%～11.0%, respectively, the total N uptake, N fertilizer recycling efficiency, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, partial factor productivity of applied N were enhanced by 9.4%～38.2%, 26.6%～102.4%, 19.3%～76.7% and 4.5%～15.1%, respectively. Under the conditions of this test, Kuaimei mixed fertilizer was the ideal fertilizer to improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice in South China.
引文
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[3]王小慧,姜雨林,刘洋,等.基于县域单元的我国水稻生产时空动态变化[J].作物学报,2018,44(11):1 704-1 712.
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[9]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[10]刘兆辉,吴小宾,谭德水,等.一次性施肥在我国主要粮食作物中的应用与环境效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 827-3839.
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[12]杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692.
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[16]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].杂交水稻,2007(4):62-66.
[17]王海月,蒋明金,孙永健,等.常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(1):115-125.
[18]董桂春,田昊,张彪,等.不同库容量类型籼稻品种源库相关参数的基本特点[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1 900-1 908.
[19]赵宏伟,孙斌,王卓茜,等.灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹对寒地粳稻产量形成影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(7):19-32.
[20]王丽萍,解保胜,顾春梅,等.磷肥运筹和试验品种对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):76-81.
[21]周旋,彭建伟,刘强,等.养分运筹对早稻干物质累积及转运的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(3):229-234.
[22]孟维伟,张正,徐杰,等.不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(4):175-180.
[23]邵彩虹,钱银飞,唐秀英,等.养分胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆充实影响的蛋白质组学研究[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(3):267-274.
[24]徐富贤,周兴兵,张林,等.四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(4):601-613.
[25]刘春,叶秣麟,周文鳞.气象条件对内江地区水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(21):1-8.
[26]江晓东,吕润,金志凤,等.浙江地区甬优15直播稻的最佳播期分析[J].中国农业气象,2019,40(1):33-40.
[27]KATSURA K, MAEDA S, LUBIS I, et al. The high yield of irrigated rice in Yunnan, China:“A cross-location analysis”[J]. Field Crop Res, 2008, 107(1):1-11.
[28]张彩霞,符冠富,奉保华,等.水稻同化物转运及其对逆境胁迫响应的机理[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2):73-83.
[29]唐海明,肖小平,李超,等.长期施肥对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(3):469-477.
[30]徐一兰,付爱斌,刘唐兴.氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株干物质积累和产量的影响[J].作物研究,2019,33(1):1-8.
[31]石宁,李彦,张英鹏,等.控释肥对小麦/玉米农田土壤硝态氮累积和迁移的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 920-3 927.
[32]金容,李兰,郭萍,等.控释氮肥比例对土壤氮含量和玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):214-221.
[33]刘苹,谭德水,徐钰,等.施肥方法对小麦专用控释氮肥肥效的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 897-3 908.
[34]谷佳林,徐凯,付铁梅,等.不同密闭材料硫包衣尿素氮素释放特性及对夏玉米生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):630-637.
[35]孙爱华,华信,叶晓思,等.不同灌溉模式下施加控释肥对水稻生长特征及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(4):48-52.
[36]王强,姜丽娜,潘建清,等.长江下游单季稻一次性施肥的适宜缓释氮肥筛选[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):48-53.
[37]黄巧义,张木,黄旭,等.聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥一次性基施在双季稻上的应用效果[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 996-4 006.
[38]邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等.缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4 892-4 902.
[39]段然,汤月丰,王亚男,等.不同施肥方法对双季稻区水稻产量及氮素流失的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1 815-1 822.
[40]KE J, HE R, HOU P, et al. Combined controlled-released nitrogen fertilizers and deep placement effects of N leaching, rice yield and N recovery in machine-transplanted rice[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ,2018, 265:402-412.
[41]王忠,沈建国,楼玲,等.不同配方复合肥对籼粳杂交稻化肥减量增效的探索[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):72-76.
[2]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
[3]王小慧,姜雨林,刘洋,等.基于县域单元的我国水稻生产时空动态变化[J].作物学报,2018,44(11):1 704-1 712.
[4]XIONG J, DING C Q, WEI G B, et al. Characteristic of dry-matter accumulation and nitrogen-uptake of super-high-yielding early rice in China[J]. Agron J, 2013, 105:1 142-1 150.
[5]NJINJU S M, SAMEJIMA H, KATSURA K, et al. Grain yield responses of lowland rice varieties to increased amount of nitrogen fertilizer under tropical highland conditions in central Kenya[J]. Plant Product Sci, 2018, 21(2):59-70.
[6]LIU Y, LI C, FANG B, et al. Potential for high yield with increased seedling density and decreased N fertilizer application under seedling-throwing rice cultivation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1):731.
[7]ERISMAN J W, SUTTON M A, GALLOWAY J, et al. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world[J]. Nat Geosci, 2008, 1:636.
[8]石元亮,王玲莉,刘世彬,等.中国化学肥料发展及其对农业的作用[J].土壤学报,2008(5):852-864.
[9]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[10]刘兆辉,吴小宾,谭德水,等.一次性施肥在我国主要粮食作物中的应用与环境效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 827-3839.
[11]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[12]杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692.
[13]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.水稻“三控”施肥技术规程[J].广东农业科学,2007(5):13-15.
[14]南京农业大学.土壤农化分析[M]. 2版.北京:农业出版社,1986:28.
[15]LU D, SONG H, JIANG S, et al. Managing fertiliser placement locations and source types to improve rice yield and the use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Field Crop Res, 2019, 231:10-17.
[16]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波,等.不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].杂交水稻,2007(4):62-66.
[17]王海月,蒋明金,孙永健,等.常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(1):115-125.
[18]董桂春,田昊,张彪,等.不同库容量类型籼稻品种源库相关参数的基本特点[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1 900-1 908.
[19]赵宏伟,孙斌,王卓茜,等.灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹对寒地粳稻产量形成影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(7):19-32.
[20]王丽萍,解保胜,顾春梅,等.磷肥运筹和试验品种对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):76-81.
[21]周旋,彭建伟,刘强,等.养分运筹对早稻干物质累积及转运的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(3):229-234.
[22]孟维伟,张正,徐杰,等.不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(4):175-180.
[23]邵彩虹,钱银飞,唐秀英,等.养分胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆充实影响的蛋白质组学研究[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(3):267-274.
[24]徐富贤,周兴兵,张林,等.四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(4):601-613.
[25]刘春,叶秣麟,周文鳞.气象条件对内江地区水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(21):1-8.
[26]江晓东,吕润,金志凤,等.浙江地区甬优15直播稻的最佳播期分析[J].中国农业气象,2019,40(1):33-40.
[27]KATSURA K, MAEDA S, LUBIS I, et al. The high yield of irrigated rice in Yunnan, China:“A cross-location analysis”[J]. Field Crop Res, 2008, 107(1):1-11.
[28]张彩霞,符冠富,奉保华,等.水稻同化物转运及其对逆境胁迫响应的机理[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2):73-83.
[29]唐海明,肖小平,李超,等.长期施肥对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(3):469-477.
[30]徐一兰,付爱斌,刘唐兴.氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株干物质积累和产量的影响[J].作物研究,2019,33(1):1-8.
[31]石宁,李彦,张英鹏,等.控释肥对小麦/玉米农田土壤硝态氮累积和迁移的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 920-3 927.
[32]金容,李兰,郭萍,等.控释氮肥比例对土壤氮含量和玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):214-221.
[33]刘苹,谭德水,徐钰,等.施肥方法对小麦专用控释氮肥肥效的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 897-3 908.
[34]谷佳林,徐凯,付铁梅,等.不同密闭材料硫包衣尿素氮素释放特性及对夏玉米生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):630-637.
[35]孙爱华,华信,叶晓思,等.不同灌溉模式下施加控释肥对水稻生长特征及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(4):48-52.
[36]王强,姜丽娜,潘建清,等.长江下游单季稻一次性施肥的适宜缓释氮肥筛选[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):48-53.
[37]黄巧义,张木,黄旭,等.聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥一次性基施在双季稻上的应用效果[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3 996-4 006.
[38]邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等.缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4 892-4 902.
[39]段然,汤月丰,王亚男,等.不同施肥方法对双季稻区水稻产量及氮素流失的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1 815-1 822.
[40]KE J, HE R, HOU P, et al. Combined controlled-released nitrogen fertilizers and deep placement effects of N leaching, rice yield and N recovery in machine-transplanted rice[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ,2018, 265:402-412.
[41]王忠,沈建国,楼玲,等.不同配方复合肥对籼粳杂交稻化肥减量增效的探索[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):72-76.