基于ETOPO1数据的全球及重点海域水深统计与分析
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摘要
由于不同的水深探测手段及海深反演方法适用于不同深度的海域,且全球海域水深分布不均,因此在探测及反演海深之前,需对目标海域的水深分布有一定认识。本文采用ETOPO1模型对全球及部分海域进行统计分析,结果表明,全球及大西洋、印度洋、太平洋区域的水深大多处于3 000—10 000 m,其中3 000—5 000 m水深海域占比较大,因此,在这些海域主要采用重力数据结合船测数据进行反演,同时应注意避开海岸带、岛屿较多、海脊存在的区域;对于水深小于1 000 m的海域,可以根据外部环境,采用多波束船测、水深遥感、机载激光测深等方式进行探测。通过分析及统计全球和重点海域的水深可以为海深探测及海底地形反演方法的选取提供参考。
Due to the different depth detection means and sea depth inversion methods for different depth of the sea,and the water depth distribution is not uniform in the global sea area,it is necessary to know the water depth distribution in the target sea area before detecting and inverting the sea depth. The ETOPO1 model is used to analyze the global and some sea areas. The results show that most of the water depths in the world,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean are in the range of 3 000-10 000 m,of which 3 000-5 000 m water depth accounts for a large proportion. Therefore,the gravity data and ship-derived data are mainly used in this region to predict the water depth. At the same time,more attention should be taken to avoid areas with many coastal zones,islands and ridges. For sea areas with water depth less than 1 000 m,techniques and methods of multi-beam sonar,remote sensing of water depth,airborne laser bathymetric technique and so on can be adopted according to the external environment. The analysis and statistics of the depth of water in the global and key sea areas can provide reference for the selection of sea depth detection and seabed terrain inversion.
Due to the different depth detection means and sea depth inversion methods for different depth of the sea,and the water depth distribution is not uniform in the global sea area,it is necessary to know the water depth distribution in the target sea area before detecting and inverting the sea depth. The ETOPO1 model is used to analyze the global and some sea areas. The results show that most of the water depths in the world,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean are in the range of 3 000-10 000 m,of which 3 000-5 000 m water depth accounts for a large proportion. Therefore,the gravity data and ship-derived data are mainly used in this region to predict the water depth. At the same time,more attention should be taken to avoid areas with many coastal zones,islands and ridges. For sea areas with water depth less than 1 000 m,techniques and methods of multi-beam sonar,remote sensing of water depth,airborne laser bathymetric technique and so on can be adopted according to the external environment. The analysis and statistics of the depth of water in the global and key sea areas can provide reference for the selection of sea depth detection and seabed terrain inversion.
引文
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[12]孙松,孙晓霞.对我国海洋科学研究战略的认识与思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(12):1 285-1 292.
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[2]翟国君,黄谟涛.海洋测量技术研究进展与展望[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1752-1759.
[3]李海森,周天,徐超.多波束测深声纳技术研究新进展[J].声学技术,2013,32(2):73-80.
[4]翟国君,吴太旗,欧阳永忠,等.机载激光测深技术研究进展[J].海洋测绘,2012,32(2):67-71.
[5]刘焱雄,郭锴,何秀凤,等.机载激光测深技术及其研究进展[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2017,42(9):1 185-1 194.
[6]滕惠忠,辛宪会,李军,等.卫星遥感水深反演技术的发展与应用[C]//第二届高分辨率对地观测学术年会.北京:高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项管理办公室,中科院重大科技任务局,航天科技集团公司宇航部,等,2013.
[7]赵建虎,欧阳永忠,王爱学.海底地形测量技术现状及发展趋势[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1 786-1 794.
[8]欧阳明达,孙中苗,翟振和.基于重力地质法的南中国海海底地形反演[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(9):2 756-2 765.
[9]罗佳,李建成,姜卫平,等.南海海底地形的卫星测高数据反演[J].海洋测绘,2002(1):8-10.
[10]李大炜,李建成,丰海,等.利用卫星测高数据反演中国海及邻近海域海底地形[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(4):70-73.
[11]欧阳明达.利用海洋重力数据反演海底地形的理论与方法[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2015.
[12]孙松,孙晓霞.对我国海洋科学研究战略的认识与思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(12):1 285-1 292.
[13]Amante C,Eakins B W.ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model:Procedures,Data Sources and Analysis[J].Psychologist,2009,16(3):20-25.
[14]李小虎,初凤友,雷吉江,等.慢速-超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(6):595-603.