利用ICESat测高数据的东南极Totten冰川流域冰下湖活动监测及水文分析
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摘要
利用ICESat/GLA12激光测高数据,使用重复轨道最小二乘平面拟合的方法,计算得到东南极Totten冰川流域Totten1、Totten2和Wilkes1冰下湖在2003-2009年间的高程和水量变化。结合BEDMAP 2数据集生成的水流路径分析冰下湖间的水文联系。结果表明,3个冰下湖在该时间段内有水的持续流动,Totten1和Totten2冰下湖水流入和流出较频繁,Wilkes1冰下湖则在观测时间内水量持续增加。此外,通过分析发现,Totten2冰下湖活动存在周期性。湖水变化特征和冰下水流路径表明这3个冰下湖之间存在一定的关联性。
A least-squares plane fitting of repeat-tracks method based on ICESat altimetry data is proposed to estimate the height and volume change of the Totten1,Totten2 and Wilkes1 lakes beneath the Totten Glacier catchment,East and South Antarctica during 2003-2009.Combining the water drainage pathways generated by BEDMAP 2dataset,the connections between these lakes are also analyzed.Results show that there are continuous water movement in these three subglacial lakes.Water drainage and refilling are very frequent in the Totten1 and Totten2 subglacial lakes,and the water of Wilkes1 subglacial lake keep on increasing during the observing time.Moreover,there exists periodic water change of Totten2 subglacial lake.According to the water change and drainage pathways,it can be found that the three lakes are partially connected.
A least-squares plane fitting of repeat-tracks method based on ICESat altimetry data is proposed to estimate the height and volume change of the Totten1,Totten2 and Wilkes1 lakes beneath the Totten Glacier catchment,East and South Antarctica during 2003-2009.Combining the water drainage pathways generated by BEDMAP 2dataset,the connections between these lakes are also analyzed.Results show that there are continuous water movement in these three subglacial lakes.Water drainage and refilling are very frequent in the Totten1 and Totten2 subglacial lakes,and the water of Wilkes1 subglacial lake keep on increasing during the observing time.Moreover,there exists periodic water change of Totten2 subglacial lake.According to the water change and drainage pathways,it can be found that the three lakes are partially connected.
引文
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[2]Siegert M J,Ellis-Evans J C,Tranter M,et al.Physical,Chemical and Biological Processes in Lake Vostok and Other Antarctic Subglacial Lakes[J].Nature,2001,414(6 864):603-609
[3]Siegert M J,Carter S,Tabacco I,et al.A Revised Inventory of Antarctic Subglacial Lakes[J].Antarctic Science,2005,17(3):453-460
[4]Gray L,Joughin I,Tulaczyk S,et al.Evidence for Subglacial Water Transport in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Through Three-dimensional Satellite Radar Interferometry[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(3):L03501
[5]Wingham D J,Siegert M J,Shepherd A,et al.Rapid Discharge Connects Antarctic Subglacial Lakes[J].Nature,2006,440(7 087):1 033-1 036
[6]Fricker H A,Scambos T,Bindschadler R,et al.An Active Subglacial Water System in West Antarctica Mapped from Space[J].Science,2007,315(5 818):1 544-1 548
[7]Smith B E,Fricker H A,Joughin I R,et al.An Inventory of Active Subglacial Lakes in Antarctica Detected by ICESat(2003-2008)[J].Journal of Glaciology,2009,55(192):573-595
[8]Fricker H A,Scambos T.Connected Subglacial Lake Activity on Lower Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams,West Antarctica,2003-2008[J].Journal of Glaciology,2009,55(190):303-315
[9]Fricker H A,Scambos T,Carter S,et al.Synthesizing Multiple Remote-Sensing Techniques for Subglacial Hydrologic Mapping:Application to a Lake System Beneath MacAyeal Ice Stream,West Antarctica[J].Journal of Glaciology,2010,56(196):187-199
[10]Fricker H A,Carter S P,Bell R E,et al.Active Lakes of Recovery Ice Stream,East Antarctica:A Bedrock-Controlled Subglacial Hydrological System[J].Journal of Glaciology,2014,60(223):1 015-1 030
[11]Stearns L A,Smith B E,Hamilton G S.Increased Flow Speed on a Large East Antarctic Outlet Glacier Caused by Subglacial Floods[J].Nature Geoscience,2008,1(12):827-831
[12]Flament T,Berthier E,Rémy F.Cascading Water Underneath Wilkes Land,East Antarctic Ice Sheet,Observed Using Altimetry and Digital Elevation Models[J].The Cryosphere,2014,8(2):673-687
[13]Siegfried M R,Fricker H A,Roberts M,et al.A Decade of West Antarctic Subglacial Lake Interactions from Combined ICESat and CryoSat-2 Altimetry[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(3):891-898
[14]McMillan M,Corr H,Shepherd A,et al.Three-Dimensional Mapping by CryoSat-2of Subglacial Lake Volume Changes[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,40(16):4 321-4 327
[15]Kim B H,Lee C K,Seo K W,et al.Active Subglacial Lakes and Channelized Water Flow Beneath the Kamb Ice Stream[J].Cryosphere,2016,10(6):2 971-2 980
[16]Rignot E,Thomas R H.Mass Balance of Polar Ice Sheets[J].Science,2002,297(5 586):1 502-1 506
[17]Aitken A R A,Roberts J L,van Ommen T D,et al.Repeated Large-Scale Retreat and Advance of Totten Glacier Indicated by Inland Bed Erosion[J].Nature,2016,533(7 603):385-389
[18]Scambos T A,Haran T M,Fahnestock M A,et al.MODIS-Based Mosaic of Antarctica(MOA)Data Sets:Continent-wide Surface Morphology and Snow Grain Size[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,111(2):242-257
[19]Smith B E,Bentley C R,Raymond C F.Recent Elevation Changes on the Ice Streams and Ridges of the Ross Embayment from ICESat Crossovers[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(21):L21S509
[20]Helm V,Humbert A,Miller H.Elevation and Elevation Change of Greenland and Antarctica Derived from CryoSat-2[J].The Cryosphere,2014,8(4):1 539-1 559
[21]Shreve R L.Movement of Water in Glaciers[J].Journal of Glaciology,1972,11(62):205-214
[22]Livingstone S J,Clark C D,Woodward J,et al.Potential Subglacial Lakes and Meltwater Drainage Pathways Beneath the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets[J].The Cryosphere,2013,7:1 721-1 740
[23]李建成,金涛勇.卫星测高技术及应用若干进展[J].测绘地理信息,2013,38(4):1-8