基于过鱼效果评估的涵洞鱼道堰式挡板性能研究与分析
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摘要
为研究涵洞式鱼道的内部结构对鱼道水力特性和过鱼性能的影响,利用FishXing软件对江西昌栗高速公路涵洞的过鱼障碍进行了预测与评估,并针对评估结果提出了涵洞内部结构的水力特性优化方案。改造后的涵洞鱼道监测数据证实,通过在内部铺设高低相间的堰式挡板系统,能够将涵洞池室内的水流速度相对平滑涵洞提升约30%,同时相邻池室间的水位差也整体下降。不同体积流量下涵洞鱼道过鱼效果的RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)射频识别结果显示,草鱼的成功通过率要明显高于鲫和鲤,其值分别为50%,26. 41%和7. 6%;涵洞的水流流量由0. 378 m3/s增至0. 429 m3/s,草鱼上行至涵洞上游入口处的平均所需时间和最短时间均有一定幅度的下降,而鲫平均消耗时间则延长了35. 15%,同时草鱼和鲫的折返率也有小幅上升。
In order to study the influence of internal structure in culvert fish-way on hydraulic characteristics and fish passage performance,a culvert evaluation software named Fish Xing was applied to predict and evaluate the existing passage barriers of the culvert crossing the Nanchang high way,an optimized hydraulic solution was presented as well,which was aimed at the results of barrier evaluation for internal structure in culvert. The data of flow field monitored in the retrofitted culvert fish-way confirms that the watervelocity in each pool increases by about 30% compared to that of the smooth culvert with no baffle system,while the water level difference between adjacent pool declines after the construction of high-and-low weir baffle system. According to the results of fish passage efficiency using RFID( Radio Frequency Identification) technology under different flow discharges,it can be seen that the rate of successful passage for grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon) significantly exceeds that of native crucian carp( Carassius auratus) and carp( Cyprinus carpio),the corresponding rates are 50%,26. 41%and 7. 6% respectively. As the water flow rate in culvert increases from 0. 378 m3/s to 0. 429 m3/s,both the average time and shortest time for grass carp to pass through the upstream entrance of culvert decline to a certain extent,while the average time consumed by native carp in passing through the whole culvert extends by 35. 15%,and the rates of retracing back increase slightly for both grass carp and crucian carp.
In order to study the influence of internal structure in culvert fish-way on hydraulic characteristics and fish passage performance,a culvert evaluation software named Fish Xing was applied to predict and evaluate the existing passage barriers of the culvert crossing the Nanchang high way,an optimized hydraulic solution was presented as well,which was aimed at the results of barrier evaluation for internal structure in culvert. The data of flow field monitored in the retrofitted culvert fish-way confirms that the watervelocity in each pool increases by about 30% compared to that of the smooth culvert with no baffle system,while the water level difference between adjacent pool declines after the construction of high-and-low weir baffle system. According to the results of fish passage efficiency using RFID( Radio Frequency Identification) technology under different flow discharges,it can be seen that the rate of successful passage for grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon) significantly exceeds that of native crucian carp( Carassius auratus) and carp( Cyprinus carpio),the corresponding rates are 50%,26. 41%and 7. 6% respectively. As the water flow rate in culvert increases from 0. 378 m3/s to 0. 429 m3/s,both the average time and shortest time for grass carp to pass through the upstream entrance of culvert decline to a certain extent,while the average time consumed by native carp in passing through the whole culvert extends by 35. 15%,and the rates of retracing back increase slightly for both grass carp and crucian carp.
引文
[1] JANUCHOWSKI H S R,DIEBEL M,DORAN P J,et al. Predicting road culvert passability for migratory fishes[J]. Diversity&Distributions,2014,20(12):1414-1424.
[2] MAKRAKIS,S C S,THEODORE M,CAVICCHIOLIWAGNER M,et al. Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species[J]. Neotropical Ichthyology,2012,10(4):763-770.
[3] BLAKELY T J,HARDING J S,MCINTOSH A R,et al. Barriers to the recovery of aquatic insect communities in urban streams[J]. Freshwater Biology,2006,51(9):1634-1645.
[4] DRAKOU E G,BOBORI D C,KALLIMANIS A S,et al.Freshwater fish community structured more by dispersal limitation than by environmental heterogeneity[J]. Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2009,18(3):369-379.
[5] MORITA K,S YAMAMOTO. Effects of habitat fragmentation by damming on the persistence of stream-dwelling charr populations[J]. Conservation Biology,2002(16):1318-1323.
[6] FULLERTON A H,K M BURNETT,E. A. STEEL,et al.Sanderson. Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish:measurement challenges and research opportunities[J]. Freshwater Biology,2010(55):2215-2237.
[7] JANUCHOWSKI H S. R,MCINTYRE P B,DIEBEl M,et al.Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2013(11):211-217.
[8] FAUSCH K D,C E TORGERSEN,C V BAXTER,H W LI.Landscapes to riverscapes:bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes[J]. BioScience,2002(52):483-498.
[9] POPLAR-JEFFERS I O,J T PETTY,J T ANDERSON,et al.Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from Brook Trout management in an Appalachian watershed,USA[J]. Restoration Ecology,2009(17):404-413.
[10] WARREN M L,M G PARDEW. Road crossings as barriers to small stream fish movement[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1998(127):637-644.
[11] MAHLUM S,D COTE,Y F WIERSMA,et al. Evaluating the barrier assessment technique derived from FishXing software and the upstream movement of Brook Trout through road culverts[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2014(143):39-48.
[12] BESCHTA R L. Long-term patterns of sediment production following road construction and logging in the Oregon Coast Range[J]. Water Resources Research,1978(14):1011-1016.
[13] JONES J A,F J SWANSON,B C WEMPLE et al. Effects of roads on hydrology,geomorphology,and disturbance patches in stream networks[J]. Conservation Biology,2000(14):76-85.
[14] TROMBULAK S C,C A FRISSELl. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities[J]. Conservation Biology,2000(14):18-30.
[15] WARREN M L JR,PARDEW M G. Road crossings as barriers to small-stream fish movement[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1998(127):637-644.
[16] POPLAR J I O,PETTY J T,ANDERSON J T,et al. Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from brook trout management in an Appalachian watershed,U. S. A[J]. Restoration Ecology,2008(17):404-413.
[17] PEPINO M,RODRIGUEZ M A. MAGNAN P. Fish dispersal in fragmented landscapes:a modelling framework for quantifying the permeability of structural barriers[J]. Ecological Applications,2012(22):1435-1445.
[18] EVANS N T,RILEY C W,LAMBERTI G A. Culvert replacement enhances connectivity of stream fish communities in a michigan drainage network[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2015,144(5):967-976.
[19] LOVE M,TAYLOR R N. Fish passage evaluation at stream crossings. California salmonid stream habitat restoration manual part IX. Available at:www. dfg. ca. gov/fish(accessed February 1 2013).
[20] POPLAR J I O,J T PETTY,J T ANDERSON,et al Fortney.Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from Brook Trout management in an Appalachian watershed,USA[J]. Restoration Ecology,2009(17):404-413.
[21] KEMP P S,J R O’HANLEY. Procedures for evaluating and prioritising the removal of fish passage barriers:A synthesis[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2010(17):297-322.
[22] ANDERSON G,M FREEMAN,B FREEMAN,C,et al. Dealing with uncertainty when assessing fish passage through culvert road crossings[J]. Environmental Management,2012(50):462-477.
[23] FURNISS M,LOVE M,FIROR S,et al. FishXing,version 3.0. U. S. Forest Service,San Dimas Technology and Development Center,San Dimas,CA. Available at:www. stream. fs.fed. us/fishxing(accessed 1 May 2012).
[24] PALMER M A,BERNHARDT E S,ALLEN J D,et al. Standards for ecologically successful river restoration[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2005(42):208-217.
[25] ROSS T. Aquatic Species and Stream Crossings[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[26] KOZMO B. Pre-design and Project Layout[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[27] MARJORIE C. CDFG and NOAA Fisheries Fish Passage Design Guidance and Project Review Requirements[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[28] GOERIG E,BERGERON N E,CASTRO-SANTOS T. Swimming behaviour and ascent paths of brook trout in a corrugated culvert[J]. River Research&Applications,2017,33(9):1-9.
[29] GOERIG E,CASTROSANTOS T. Is motivation important to brook trout passage through culverts?[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2017,74(6):1-10.
[30] AMTSTAETTER F,O’CONNOR J,BORG D,et al. Remediation of upstream passage for migrating Galaxias(Family:Galaxiidae)through a pipe culvert[J]. Fisheries Management&Ecology,2017(24):186-192.
[31] BEHLKE C E,DOUGLAS,L KANE,et. al. Economic culvert design using fish swimming energy and power capabilities. Proceedings of a symposium on fish passage and technology[J]. Bioengineering Section of the American Fisheries Society,1993:95-100.
[32] POWERS PATRICK D. September 1997. Culvert hydraulics related to upstream juvenile salmon passage. Unpublished report[R]. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Program.
[2] MAKRAKIS,S C S,THEODORE M,CAVICCHIOLIWAGNER M,et al. Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species[J]. Neotropical Ichthyology,2012,10(4):763-770.
[3] BLAKELY T J,HARDING J S,MCINTOSH A R,et al. Barriers to the recovery of aquatic insect communities in urban streams[J]. Freshwater Biology,2006,51(9):1634-1645.
[4] DRAKOU E G,BOBORI D C,KALLIMANIS A S,et al.Freshwater fish community structured more by dispersal limitation than by environmental heterogeneity[J]. Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2009,18(3):369-379.
[5] MORITA K,S YAMAMOTO. Effects of habitat fragmentation by damming on the persistence of stream-dwelling charr populations[J]. Conservation Biology,2002(16):1318-1323.
[6] FULLERTON A H,K M BURNETT,E. A. STEEL,et al.Sanderson. Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish:measurement challenges and research opportunities[J]. Freshwater Biology,2010(55):2215-2237.
[7] JANUCHOWSKI H S. R,MCINTYRE P B,DIEBEl M,et al.Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2013(11):211-217.
[8] FAUSCH K D,C E TORGERSEN,C V BAXTER,H W LI.Landscapes to riverscapes:bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes[J]. BioScience,2002(52):483-498.
[9] POPLAR-JEFFERS I O,J T PETTY,J T ANDERSON,et al.Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from Brook Trout management in an Appalachian watershed,USA[J]. Restoration Ecology,2009(17):404-413.
[10] WARREN M L,M G PARDEW. Road crossings as barriers to small stream fish movement[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1998(127):637-644.
[11] MAHLUM S,D COTE,Y F WIERSMA,et al. Evaluating the barrier assessment technique derived from FishXing software and the upstream movement of Brook Trout through road culverts[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2014(143):39-48.
[12] BESCHTA R L. Long-term patterns of sediment production following road construction and logging in the Oregon Coast Range[J]. Water Resources Research,1978(14):1011-1016.
[13] JONES J A,F J SWANSON,B C WEMPLE et al. Effects of roads on hydrology,geomorphology,and disturbance patches in stream networks[J]. Conservation Biology,2000(14):76-85.
[14] TROMBULAK S C,C A FRISSELl. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities[J]. Conservation Biology,2000(14):18-30.
[15] WARREN M L JR,PARDEW M G. Road crossings as barriers to small-stream fish movement[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1998(127):637-644.
[16] POPLAR J I O,PETTY J T,ANDERSON J T,et al. Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from brook trout management in an Appalachian watershed,U. S. A[J]. Restoration Ecology,2008(17):404-413.
[17] PEPINO M,RODRIGUEZ M A. MAGNAN P. Fish dispersal in fragmented landscapes:a modelling framework for quantifying the permeability of structural barriers[J]. Ecological Applications,2012(22):1435-1445.
[18] EVANS N T,RILEY C W,LAMBERTI G A. Culvert replacement enhances connectivity of stream fish communities in a michigan drainage network[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2015,144(5):967-976.
[19] LOVE M,TAYLOR R N. Fish passage evaluation at stream crossings. California salmonid stream habitat restoration manual part IX. Available at:www. dfg. ca. gov/fish(accessed February 1 2013).
[20] POPLAR J I O,J T PETTY,J T ANDERSON,et al Fortney.Culvert replacement and stream habitat restoration:implications from Brook Trout management in an Appalachian watershed,USA[J]. Restoration Ecology,2009(17):404-413.
[21] KEMP P S,J R O’HANLEY. Procedures for evaluating and prioritising the removal of fish passage barriers:A synthesis[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2010(17):297-322.
[22] ANDERSON G,M FREEMAN,B FREEMAN,C,et al. Dealing with uncertainty when assessing fish passage through culvert road crossings[J]. Environmental Management,2012(50):462-477.
[23] FURNISS M,LOVE M,FIROR S,et al. FishXing,version 3.0. U. S. Forest Service,San Dimas Technology and Development Center,San Dimas,CA. Available at:www. stream. fs.fed. us/fishxing(accessed 1 May 2012).
[24] PALMER M A,BERNHARDT E S,ALLEN J D,et al. Standards for ecologically successful river restoration[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2005(42):208-217.
[25] ROSS T. Aquatic Species and Stream Crossings[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[26] KOZMO B. Pre-design and Project Layout[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[27] MARJORIE C. CDFG and NOAA Fisheries Fish Passage Design Guidance and Project Review Requirements[R]. Ventura,Canada,Salmonid Restoration Federation and California Department of Fish&Game,January,2013.
[28] GOERIG E,BERGERON N E,CASTRO-SANTOS T. Swimming behaviour and ascent paths of brook trout in a corrugated culvert[J]. River Research&Applications,2017,33(9):1-9.
[29] GOERIG E,CASTROSANTOS T. Is motivation important to brook trout passage through culverts?[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2017,74(6):1-10.
[30] AMTSTAETTER F,O’CONNOR J,BORG D,et al. Remediation of upstream passage for migrating Galaxias(Family:Galaxiidae)through a pipe culvert[J]. Fisheries Management&Ecology,2017(24):186-192.
[31] BEHLKE C E,DOUGLAS,L KANE,et. al. Economic culvert design using fish swimming energy and power capabilities. Proceedings of a symposium on fish passage and technology[J]. Bioengineering Section of the American Fisheries Society,1993:95-100.
[32] POWERS PATRICK D. September 1997. Culvert hydraulics related to upstream juvenile salmon passage. Unpublished report[R]. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Program.
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